Cost of raising a child

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The cost of raising a child varies widely from country to country. It is usually determined according to a formula that accounts for major areas of expenditure, such as food, housing, and clothing. However, any given family's actual expenses may differ from the estimates. For example, the rent on a home does not usually change when the tenants have another child, so the family's housing costs may remain the same. In other cases, the home may be too small, in which case the family might move to a larger home at a higher cost. The formula may also account for inflation, as prices are constantly changing, and it will indirectly affect how much it costs to raise a child.

Developing countries

According to Globalissues.org, "Almost half the world—over three billion people—live on less than US$2.50 a day." This statistic includes children. The calculation of the cost to raise a child in developing countries is difficult, since families often do not operate with currency, but barter or trade to provide for their children. It is argued that in developing areas the balance between earnings and costs of having children is changing, because the mean number of children per couple in many developing areas has decreased dramatically, especially in Asia, North Africa and the Near East. According to a 2020 report, 356 million children – 17.5 per cent – live in extreme poverty (less than US$1.90 a day).

Argentina

Argentina's INDEC provides a breakdown of minimum costs per person in household, known as the "canasta básica total", this metric doesn't measure the average cost, but the minimum cost (poverty line) and is published monthly. All values are per "equivalent adult".

Monthly values of the "canasta básica total" for Greater Buenos Aires
Age	Cost per month (converted to US dollars via official exchange rate)	Equivalent adult
less than 1	$ 86.96	0.35
1	$ 91.93	0.37
2	$ 114.29	0.46
3	$ 126.71	0.51
4	$ 136.65	0.55
5	$ 149.07	0.60
6	$ 159.01	0.64
7	$ 163.98	0.66
8	$ 168.95	0.68
9	$ 171.43	0.69
10	$ 196.28	0.79
11	$ 203.73	0.82
12	$ 211.18	0.85
13	$ 223.61	0.90
14	$ 238.51	0.96
15	$ 248.45	1.00
16	$ 255.90	1.03
17	$ 258.39	1.04
18 to 29	$ 253.42	1.02

Data for June 2022. Exchange rate 1 US dollar is 135,7500 ARG (July 2022). This aggregates to around $ 41,501.40 from birth to 18 years old.

India

Based on an estimate by Economic Times in April 2011 and adjusted to inflation for August 2022, the cost of raising a child from birth to age of majority (21 Years) for a middle to upper-middle income family comes to about ₹1.17 crore (equivalent to ₹1.2 crore or US$150,000 in 2023) in total.

Cost break up is as follows:

Cost of raising a child in India (as of August, 2022)
Expenditure class	Estimated cost (Rs. lakh)	% of cost
Education	49.35	46%
Housing	20.37	19%
Entertainment	12.87	12%
Clothing	6.44	6%
Food	5.36	5%
Transportation	5.36	5%
Healthcare	4.29	4%
Others	3.21	3%
Total	117.25	100%

Note: Estimate assumes cost of birth, but doesn't consider any major illness in child.

Developed countries

United Kingdom

Child Poverty Action Group’s annual cost of a child report looks at how much it costs families to provide a minimum socially acceptable standard of living for their children. The 2022 report shows the cost of raising a child from birth to 18 years old as £157,562 for a couple family or £208,735 for a single parent/guardian.

The Times estimates that it costs £202,660 to raise a child from birth to 18 in the UK. This includes the cost of housing and childcare. This works out to an average approximate of £11,250 per year, or £938 per month.

United States

Based on a survey by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the table below shows the estimated Average Spending on Children by Families. The data comes from the Consumer Expenditure Survey by the U.S. Department of Labor, conducted from 2005-06. The figures have been updated to 2011 dollars using the Consumer Price Index. However, some dispute the numbers as being biased high for political reasons (e.g., Texas A&M University Finance Professor H. Swint Friday: "The numbers, reported by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, are outrageously misleading. Often government statistics are produced for political objectives that cause the research methodology to be biased toward finding the highest dollar amount to support the objective.").

These figures from the USDA go up to age 18, and do not include any college or university education. Nor does it offer any spending estimates if the child remains in the home as a dependent after the age of 18.

Both tables are for the United States overall, not based on any specific region in the country.

Dual-Parent Family - USDA Average Spending per Child (not the basic cost of raising)
Age of Child	Housing	Food	Transport.	Clothing	Health	Child Care /Education	Misc.	Total
Before-tax income: Less than $59,410 (Average = $38,000)
0 to 2	2,990	1,160	1,170	640	630	2,040	420	9,050
3 to 5	2,990	1,260	1,230	500	590	1,910	620	9,100
6 to 8	2,990	1,710	1,350	570	660	1,290	630	8,760
9 to 11	2,990	1,970	1,350	580	710	1,910	630	9,520
12 to 14	2,990	2,130	1,480	690	1,090	1,110	700	9,960
15 to 17	2,990	2,120	1,630	730	1,010	1,290	589	9,970
Total	53,820	31,050	24,630	11,130	14,070	23,640	10,740	169,080
Before-tax income: $59,410 to $102,870 (Average = $79,940)
0 to 2	3,920	1,405	1,690	760	850	2,860	890	12,370
3 to 5	3,920	1,490	1,740	610	800	2,740	1,090	12,390
6 to 8	3,920	2,100	1,860	680	940	1,680	1,110	12,290
9 to 11	3,920	2,400	1,870	710	1,000	2,110	1,100	13,110
12 to 14	3,920	2,580	1,990	840	1,410	1,910	1,170	13,820
15 to 17	3,920	2,570	2,150	900	1,330	2,400	1,050	14,320
Total	70,560	37,620	33,900	13,500	18,990	41,100	19,230	234,900
Before-tax income: More than $102,870 (Average = $180,040)
0 to 2	7,100	1,900	2,550	1,050	980	5,090	1,790	20,460
3 to 5	7,100	2,000	2,610	880	930	4,970	1,990	20,480
6 to 8	7,100	2,630	2,730	970	1,080	3,910	2,000	20,420
9 to 11	7,100	2,980	2,730	1,010	1,150	4,350	2,000	21,320
12 to 14	7,100	3,190	2,860	1,170	1,610	4,700	2,070	22,700
15 to 17	7,100	3,180	3,020	1,280	1,520	6,460	1,950	24,510
Total	127,800	47,640	49,500	19,080	21,810	88,440	35,400	389,670

All numbers are in US dollars.

Single-Parent Family - USDA Average Spending per Child (not the basic cost of raising)
Age of Child	Housing	Food	Transport.	Clothing	Health	Child care /Education	Misc.	Total
Before-tax income: Less than 40,410 (Average = $18,350)
0 to 2	2,840	1,400	680	410	520	1,400	510	7,760
3 to 5	2,840	1,370	920	330	600	1,940	610	8,610
6 to 8	2,840	1,830	1,030	340	670	1,940	780	8,450
9 to 11	2,840	2,010	1,060	400	620	1,360	740	9,030
12 to 14	2,840	2,150	1,130	420	940	1,120	840	9,440
15 to 17	2,840	2,270	1,130	460	930	880	670	9,180
Total	51,120	33,090	17,850	7,080	12,840	22,980	12,450	157,410
Before-tax income: $59,410 or more (Average = $107,820)
0 to 2	5,880	2,080	1,920	590	980	3,670	1,650	16,770
3 to 5	5,880	2,070	2,160	500	1,090	4,210	1,750	17,660
6 to 8	5,880	2,680	2,260	530	1,180	3,350	1,930	17,810
9 to 11	5,880	3,000	2,300	610	1,110	3,880	1,880	18,660
12 to 14	5,880	3,080	2,370	650	1,560	4,150	1,980	19,670
15 to 17	5,880	3,220	2,370	730	1,550	5,010	1,810	20,570
Total	105,840	48,390	40,140	10,830	22,410	72,810	33,000	333,420

All numbers are in US dollars.

References

Shah, Anup (September 20, 2010). "Poverty Facts and Stats". Global Issues. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
Martin Ravallion, Shaohua Chen and Prem Sangraula, Dollar a day revisited, World Bank, May 2008
Balen, F. van; Bos, H. M. W. (2009). "The social and cultural consequences of being childless in poor-resource areas". Facts, Views & Vision in ObGyn. 1, 2 (2): 106–121. PMC 4251270. PMID 25478076.
State of the World's Children, 2021, UNICEF
"Valorización mensual de la canasta básica alimentaria y de la canasta básica total. Gran Buenos Aires" (PDF). INDEC. 2022-07-21.
"How much it cost to raise a child" (pdf). report. Economic Times. 18 April 2011. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
"The cost of a child in 2022". Child Poverty Action Group. 8 November 2022. Archived from the original on 9 November 2022. Retrieved December 16, 2022.
"How much will it cost to raise a child in 2023?". Liverpool Victoria. 2 February 2023. Archived from the original on 16 March 2023. Retrieved 17 April 2023.
Friday, H. Swint (July 20, 2007). "Cost of raising children not as high as government would have you believe". caller.com. Archived from the original on 19 January 2008. Retrieved March 31, 2013.
"Cost of Raising Children Calculator". ABC News.
^ Lino, Mark. "Expenditures on Children by Families, 2011 (Miscellaneous Publication Number 1528-2011)" (PDF). United States Department of Agriculture, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion. Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 July 2012. Retrieved August 5, 2012.

External links

"Raising that '07 baby will cost $204,060 in U.S." - from Reuters, retrieved August 5, 2012.
"Cost of raising children not as high as government would have you believe" - from caller.com, retrieved March 31, 2013.
"Cost of Raising Children in the US" - from Globe Life Insurance, retrieved September 11, 2013

v t e Parenting
Kinship terminology	Parent Mother Father Adoptive Alloparenting Coparenting Extended family Foster care Noncustodial Nuclear family Orphaned Shared parenting Single parent Blended family Surrogacy In loco parentis
Theories · Areas	Attachment theory Applied behavior analysis Behaviorism Child development Cognitive development Developmental psychology Human development Identity formation Introjection Love Maternal bond Nature versus nurture Parental investment Paternal bond Pediatrics Social emotional development Socialization Social psychology
Styles	Achievement ideology Atlas personality Attachment parenting Baby talk Buddha-like parenting Concerted cultivation Enmeshment Free-range parenting Gatekeeper parent Helicopter parent Nurturant parenting Slow parenting Soccer mom Strict father model Taking children seriously Theybie Tiger parenting Work at home parent
Techniques	After-school activity Allowance Bedtime Child care Co-sleeping Dishabituation Education Habituation Homeschooling Identification (psychology) Introjection Kommune 1 Latchkey kid Moral development Normative social influence Parent management training Play (date) Role model Social integration Television The talk (race) The talk (sex education) Toy (educational) Positive Parenting Program
Child discipline	Blanket training Corporal punishment in the home Curfew Grounding Positive discipline Tactical ignoring Time-out
Abuse	Adverse childhood experiences Child abandonment Child abuse Child labour Child neglect Cinderella effect Codependency Dysfunctional family Effects of domestic violence Incest Narcissistic parent Parental abuse by children Stress in early childhood
Legal and social aspects	Child custody Child support Cost of raising a child Deadbeat parent Disownment Family disruption Right to family life Management of domestic violence Marriage Parental alienation Parental responsibility Parents' rights Paternity Shared parenting
Experts	Mary Ainsworth John Bowlby T. Berry Brazelton Rudolf Dreikurs David Elkind Jo Frost Haim Ginott Thomas Gordon Alan E. Kazdin Truby King Annette Lareau Penelope Leach Matthew Sanders William Sears B. F. Skinner Benjamin Spock
Organizations	Families Need Fathers Mothers Apart from Their Children Mothers' Union National Childbirth Trust National Fatherhood Initiative National Parents Organization Parent–teacher association Parents Against Child Exploitation

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