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Cryoscopic constant

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Material property relating molality to freezing point depression
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In thermodynamics, the cryoscopic constant, Kf, relates molality to freezing point depression (which is a colligative property). It is the ratio of the latter to the former:

Δ T f = i K f b {\displaystyle \Delta T_{\mathrm {f} }=iK_{\mathrm {f} }b}
  • Δ T f {\displaystyle \Delta T_{\mathrm {f} }} is the depression of freezing point, defined as the freezing point T f 0 {\displaystyle T_{\mathrm {f} }^{0}} of the pure solvent minus the freezing point T f {\displaystyle T_{\mathrm {f} }} of the solution;
  • i is the van ‘t Hoff factor, the number of particles the solute splits into or forms when dissolved;
  • b is the molality of the solution.

Through cryoscopy, a known constant can be used to calculate an unknown molar mass. The term "cryoscopy" means "freezing measurement" in Greek. Freezing point depression is a colligative property, so ΔT depends only on the number of solute particles dissolved, not the nature of those particles. Cryoscopy is related to ebullioscopy, which determines the same value from the ebullioscopic constant (of boiling point elevation).

The value of Kf, which depends on the nature of the solvent can be found out by the following equation:

K f = R M T f 2 1000 Δ H fus {\displaystyle K_{\text{f}}={\frac {RMT_{\text{f}}^{2}}{1000\Delta H_{\text{fus}}}}}

The Kf for water is 1.853 K kg mol.

See also

References

  1. Aylward, Gordon; Findlay, Tristan (2002), SI Chemical Data (5 ed.), Sweden: John Wiley & Sons, p. 202, ISBN 0-470-80044-5


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