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DEFA cannon

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Revolver cannon
DEFA cannon
DEFA cannon in a Mirage III twin mount
TypeRevolver cannon
Place of originFrance
Service history
In service1954–present
Used byFrance, Switzerland, Israel, Italy, South Africa and others.
Production history
DesignerDEFA
DesignedLate 1940s
ManufacturerCASA, Dassault Aviation, Matra, AEi Systems.
Produced1954
Specifications
Mass552: 80 kg (180 lb)
553: 83 kg (183 lb)
554: 85 kg (187 lb)
Length552: 1.66 m (5 ft 5 in)
553: 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in)
554: 2.01 m (6 ft 7 in)
Barrel length552: 1.4 m (4 ft 7 in)
Shell30 × 113 mm
Calibre30 mm (1.2 in)
ActionFive-chamber revolver
Rate of fire552: 1,100-1,500 rpm
553: 1,300 rpm
554: 1,100 rpm (low) or 1,800 rpm (high)
Muzzle velocity765–815 m/s (2,510–2,670 ft/s)

The DEFA cannon (Direction des Études et Fabrications d'Armement) is a family of widely used French-made aircraft revolver cannon firing 30 mm caliber NATO standard rounds.

Design history

The initial DEFA 551 was developed in the late 1940s. It is based on the German Mauser MG 213C, an experimental revolver cannon developed for the Luftwaffe. The MG 213 never reached production, but inspired the DEFA, the very similar British ADEN cannon, and the smaller American M39 cannon. As the DEFA 552 it entered production in 1954. In 1968 an upgraded version, Canon 550-F3, was developed, entering production in 1971 as the DEFA 553. The new version provided a new feed system, nichrome plated steel barrel, forged drum casing, and improved electrical reliability.

Overview

Cut-away model of a DEFA cannon for instruction

The DEFA 553 is a gas-operated five-chamber revolver cannon using pyrotechnic cocking and electrical ignition. It fires a range of 30 mm ammunition of various types, and is capable of continuous fire or 0.5-second or 1-second bursts.

The 553 was superseded by the DEFA 554, which incorporates a number of detail improvements. The DEFA 554 uses three, rather than two, of the chambers for reloading, increasing the rate of fire. Barrel life and mechanical reliability are improved, and an electrical control unit allows the pilot to select two rates of fire: 1,800 rounds per minute for air-to-air use or 1,200 rounds per minute for air-to-ground attacks. The 554 also provides three Pyrotechnic cocking charges rather than one, allowing the pilot to cock the weapon after take-off and have two cartridges to re-cock the weapon if necessary in flight.

Service use

DEFA cannon of a Mirage III in twin mount

The DEFA 550 series was the standard cannon armament of all gun-armed French fighters from 1954 until the advent of the Dassault Rafale in the 1980s. A pair of these weapons, with 125–135 rounds per gun, is standard fit on the Brazilian ground-attack aircraft AMX International AMX, the French Dassault MD 450 Ouragan, Dassault Mystere, Mirage III/V, Dassault Étendard IV and Dassault Super Étendard, Sud Aviation Vautour, Mirage F1, SEPECAT Jaguar, and the Mirage 2000 series. It was also used on Israeli Douglas A-4E/F/H/N Skyhawks, IAI Nesher, IAI Kfir, and IAI Lavi, the Italian Fiat G.91Y and Aermacchi MB-326K, the Indonesian A-4, and the South African Atlas Cheetah and Impala Mk.II. Various gun pod installations are available from CASA, Dassault Aviation, and Matra.

The DEFA 550 is very similar to the British ADEN cannon, and can use the same ammunition.

The DEFA 550 series has given way to the GIAT 30 series used on the Dassault Rafale, although it is likely to remain in widespread use for many years.

Variants

Operators

Map with operators of the DEFA cannon in blue and former operators and red

Current operators

  •  Argentina: Super Étendard Modernisé, A-4 and IA-63, previously IA-58, Finger, Dagger, Mirage 5P, and Mirage III
  •  Brazil: AMX, previously Mirage 2000C/B and Mirage III
  •  Chile: A-36 Toqui/C-101CC, previously Mirage 50, Mirage 5 and Mirage III
  •  Colombia: Kfir Block 60, previously Mirage 5
  •  Ecuador: Cheetah, previously Mirage F1, Kfir, Mirage 50 and Impala Mk II
  •  Egypt: Mirage 2000EM/BM and Mirage 5
  •  France: Mirage 2000, previously Super Étendard, Mirage F1, Jaguar, Mirage 5, Étendard IVM, Mirage III, Super Mystère B2, Mystère IV, Mystère IIC, and Vautour II
  •  Gabon: Mirage F1, previously Mirage 5
  •  Greece: Mirage 2000-5 Mk2, previously Mirage F1
  •  India: Mirage 2000I/TI, previously Mystère IV
  •  Iran: Mirage F1
  •  Italy: MB-339A & CD
  •  Libya: Mirage F1, previously Mirage 5
  •  Morocco: Mirage F1 ASTRAC
  •  Pakistan: Mirage 5 ROSE and Mirage III
  •  Peru: Mirage 2000P/DP, previously Mirage 5P
  •  Qatar: Mirage 2000-5, previously Mirage F1
  •  Sri Lanka: Kfir
  •  Taiwan: Mirage 2000-5
  •  UAE: Mirage 2000-9, previously Mirage 5, Mirage III, and MB-326K

Former operators

See also

  • ADEN cannon – comparable British design, shorter 111mm long variant
  • VENOM LR 30 mm – British 21st century derivative of ADEN, 113mm long variant
  • GIAT 30 - comparable French design, 113mm & 150mm long
  • Oerlikon KCA - comparable Swiss design, 173mm long
  • VENOM 30 mm – British 173mm long variant
  • Mauser BK-27 – comparable German design, 27mm diameter
  • R-23 cannon – comparable Russian design, 23mm
  • M39 cannon – comparable US design, 20mm diameter

References

  1. "Israel Aerospace to Upgrade Sri Lankan Air Force's Kfir Aircraft".
  2. "UAE Signs up for Mirage Upgrade".

External links

Video links

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