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In mathematical statistics, the Darmois–Skitovich theorem characterizes the normal distribution (the Gaussian distribution) by the independence of two linear forms from independent random variables. This theorem was proved independently by G. Darmois and V. P. Skitovich in 1953.

Formulation

Let ${\displaystyle \xi _{j},j=1,2,\ldots ,n,n\geq 2}$  be independent random variables. Let ${\displaystyle \alpha _{j},\beta _{j}}$  be nonzero constants. If the linear forms ${\displaystyle L_{1}=\alpha _{1}\xi _{1}+\cdots +\alpha _{n}\xi _{n}}$ and ${\displaystyle L_{2}=\beta _{1}\xi _{1}+\cdots +\beta _{n}\xi _{n}}$ are independent then all random variables ${\displaystyle \xi _{j}}$ have normal distributions (Gaussian distributions).

History

The Darmois–Skitovich theorem is a generalization of the Kac–Bernstein theorem in which the normal distribution (the Gaussian distribution) is characterized by the independence of the sum and the difference of two independent random variables. For a history of proving the theorem by V. P. Skitovich, see the article

References

1. Darmois, G. (1953). "Analyse générale des liaisons stochastiques: etude particulière de l'analyse factorielle linéaire". Review of the International Statistical Institute. 21 (1/2): 2–8. doi:10.2307/1401511. JSTOR 1401511.
2. Skitovich, V. P. (1953). "On a property of the normal distribution". Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR (in Russian). 89: 217–219.
3. "О теорем Дармуа-Скитовича" (PDF). www.apmath.spbu.ru (in Russian).

• Kagan, A. M.; Linnik, Yu. V.; Rao, C. R. (1973). Characterization Problems in Mathematical Statistics. New York: Wiley.

• Mathematical theorems