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Democratic Party Partai Demokrat
General Chairman	Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono
Secretary-General	Teuku Riefky Harsya
DPR group leader	Edhie Baskoro Yudhoyono
Founded	9 September 2001; 23 years ago (2001-09-09)
Headquarters	Jakarta
Youth wing	Generasi Muda Demokrat (Democratic Young Generation)
Women's wing	Srikandi Demokrat (Democratic Srikandi)
Membership (2022)	345,359
Ideology	Pancasila Secular Indonesian nationalism Economic liberalism Pluralism
Political position	Centre to centre-right
National affiliation	Advanced Indonesia Coalition
Slogan	Nasionalis, Religius (Nationalist, Religious)
Anthem	Hymne Partai Demokrat (Democratic Party Hymn) Mars Partai Demokrat (Democratic Party March)
Ballot number	14
DPR seats	44 / 580
DPRD I seats	206 / 2,372
DPRD II seats	1,479 / 17,510
Website
www.demokrat.or.id
Politics of Indonesia Political parties Elections

The Democratic Party (Indonesian: Partai Demokrat lit. 'Democrats' Party') is a centre to centre-right nationalist political party in Indonesia. Currently, it holds 44 seats in the House of Representatives (DPR). It is led by Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (AHY), the son of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY), who served as the President of Indonesia from 2004 to 2014.

Founded in September 2001 as the political vehicle of SBY, the party gained its initial parliamentary representation following the 2004 legislative election, and SBY was elected as president. It then became one of the major parties in SBY's governing coalition. In 2009, the party assumed power by winning the majority of votes in the legislative election and became the ruling and largest party in the DPR, with SBY re-elected for his second term. In 2014, the party performed poorly in the legislative election, losing half of its seats in the DPR and subsequently served as the opposition to the Joko Widodo (Jokowi) administration. In the 2020 party congress, AHY was elected as the chairman. In 2024, it joined the government coalition and AHY was appointed as the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning.

History

Origins

The 2001 Special Session of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) resulted in Megawati Sukarnoputri's election as Indonesia's president, creating a vice president vacancy. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (SBY), a candidate, lost to Hamzah Haz. Yudhoyono's popularity, evident in his vice presidential bid, prompted supporter Vence Rumangkang to propose forming a party for the 2004 elections. Yudhoyono approved and delegated party formation to Rumangkang. SBY himself did not directly participate in the creation of the party, although his wife Ani Yudhoyono claimed a leadership position. The party was formed by intellectual and academic circles.

From 12 to 19 August 2001, Rumangkang, with Yudhoyono's input, finalized the party's outline. On 9 September 2001 (Yudhoyono's 52nd birthday), the Democratic Party was declared, registered at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights on 10 September 2001, and Subur Budhisantoso was elected party chairman.

2004–2014: The Yudhoyono administration and largest party status

The party won 7.5% share of votes and won 57 out of 560 seats in the People's Representative Council (DPR) in the 2004 legislative election and finished in fifth place overall. The party nominated Yudhoyono as its presidential candidate, with Jusuf Kalla as the vice presidential candidate. In this, they were also supported by the Crescent Star Party and Indonesian Justice and Unity Party. Yudhoyono and Kalla won the first round of elections in July 2004 with 33.6% of the votes and would go on to win 60.1% in the run-offs, thereby securing Yudhoyono's election as president. In May 2005, the party held its first party congress, during which Hadi Utomo was elected as chairman. Nevertheless, the highest authority in the Party remained with Yudhoyono, who was elected was chairman of the Advisory Board (Dewan Pembina).

The party came first in the 2009 legislative election with 20.9 percent of the votes, making it the largest party in the DPR, with 148 seats, just over one quarter of the total. Yudhoyono won the election, with former governor of Bank Indonesia, Boediono, as vice presidential candidate, with a total tally of 60.8% in first round of runoff system election, beating former president Megawati and incumbent vice-president Kalla. After the resignation of Anas Urbaningrum, the party held an extraordinary congress on 30 March 2013 in Bali to fill the chairmanship. Yudhoyono ran unopposed and was unanimously elected after no other party members decided to run.

For the 2014 legislative election, the party set a target of 15% of the national vote, less than its 2009 share. One reason the party expected its vote to fall was that Yudhoyono would not able to run for president, having served the two terms allowed for in the constitution. However, the party won only 10.19%, losing over half of its seats in the legislature.

Post–2014: AHY chairmanship and internal conflict

For the 2019 legislative election, the party initially set a target of 15%, but later changed the target to 10% of the national vote. The party managed to gain 7.77% of the vote, losing some seats in the legislature. On 15 March 2020, Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (AHY), who had previously commanded the Joint Task Command (Kogasma) during the 2019 general election, was elected as the new chairman, replacing his father.

On 5 March 2021, an unauthorized extraordinary congress in Deli Serdang convened by some party members elected Moeldoko as the new chairman, contrary to the 2020 congress that elected AHY as the chairman until 2025. Former chairman Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono opposed the congress, arguing it was unlawful, as neither the party's high council nor majority of its regional branches had requested it. AHY claimed Moeldoko's election was illegal, asserting himself as the legitimate party leader. On 31 March 2021, the government confirmed the extraordinary congress result as illegitimate, affirming AHY as the rightful chairman of the party.

Entering the beginning of 2023, the Democratic Party through its decision chose to nominate Anies Baswedan to become a presidential candidate. Apart from that, the Democrats also nominated their general chairman, Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono, to be Anies' running mate. However shockingly, Anies selected Muhaimin Iskandar from the National Awakening Party (PKB) after the latter left Prabowo Subianto's Advanced Indonesia Coalition. As the result of Muhaimin's appointment as Anies' running mate, AHY and the Democratic Party withdrew their support and left their coalition. After their exit, the Democratic Party was approached by PDI-P who is hoping for AHY to back Ganjar Pranowo as Hasto Kristiyanto claimed intense communications are underway. The Democrats also got approached by the Advanced Indonesia Coalition as Prabowo held a meeting together with his father in Cikeas. After many considerations, on 21 September 2023 in Jakarta Convention Center, AHY and the Democratic Party declared to back Prabowo Subianto in his presidential campaign. Ironically, both AHY and Moeldoko supported the same candidate for the 2024 presidential election.

Political identities

Ideology

The 2008 Law on Political Parties states that political parties are allowed to include specific characteristics that reflect their political aspirations, as long as they do not contradict Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution. As per Articles 2 and 3 of its constitution and bylaws (AD/ART), the Democratic Party is founded on Pancasila and "nationalist-religious" is its slogan. It views attempts to clash nationalism and religion as incorrect and misleading. Outsider views on the party's political orientation vary. Academics and domestic observers classified it as a nationalist party, while their international counterparts described it as a secular-nationalist, conservative, or national-liberal party. Its political leaning has been described as centrist, centre-right, or catch-all party.

Political positions

The Democratic Party parliamentary group in the DPR have expressed their opinions on a few issues:

Year	Bills	Votes	Party stances/Other views
2019	Revision of Law on the Corruption Eradication Commission RUU KPK
2022	Law on Sexual Violence Crimes RUU TPKS
2022	Law on State Capital RUU IKN
2022	Revision of the Indonesian Criminal Code RUU KUHP
2023	Omnibus Law on Job Creation RUU Cipta Kerja

Chairpersons

• Subur Budhisantoso (2001 – 2005)
• Hadi Utomo (2005 – 23 May 2010)
• Anas Urbaningrum (23 May 2010 – 23 February 2013)
• Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (30 March 2013 – 15 March 2020)
• Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono (15 March 2020 – present), disputed, elected by 2020 Democratic Party congress.

Controversies

Corruption Cases

Muhammad Nazaruddin was dismissed by the Democratic Party's ethics council from his position as party treasurer in May 2011 due to his involvement in a corruption case, but he remained a legislator in the House of Representatives. Constitutional Court chief Mahfud MD said Nazaruddin had given S$120,000 ($96,900) to Constitutional Court secretary general Janedri M. Gaffar in 2010. The money was later returned to Nazaruddin. On 24 May 2011, Mahfud reported Nazaruddin to the Corruption Eradication Commission for allegedly trying to bribe a court official.

On 20 April 2012, Nazaruddin was convicted of corruption and sentenced to four years and 10 months in prison and fined approximately US$22,000. He was found guilty of accepting over 4.68 billion rupiah in return for helping rig the tenders for an athletes' village built for the Southeast Asian Games in South Sumatra in November 2011.

Nazaruddin was arrested by Interpol in Cartagena, Colombia in August 2011, having fled Indonesia after being named a suspect in the case.

The Nazaruddin scandal was followed by the naming of a number of high-ranking party officials and legislators as suspects in numerous graft cases. Most prominent among them was Youth and Sports Minister Andi Mallarangeng, who resigned in December 2012. Mallarangeng was named suspect in the same athlete training camp case which had involved Nazaruddin. Business tycoon Siti Hartati Murdaya, who had served on the party's Advisory Board, resigned in August 2012 after becoming embroiled in a corruption case for which she was later jailed.

#ShameOnYouSBY

In 2014, the emergence of the hashtag #ShameOnYouSBY and several other hashtags on Twitter attacking the President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and the Democratic Party occurred due to the walk out of most members of the Democratic Party faction during the plenary session for the ratification of the Regional Election Law which resulted in the election of regional heads such as governors, regents and mayor by the Regional Representative Council. It was later revealed that there was a miscommunication between the President and his party fraction as the parliamentary leader of the Democratic Party, Nurhayati Ali Assegaf misread the President's message from "all out" to "walk out".

Election results

Legislative election results

Election	Ballot number	Total seats won	Total votes	Share of votes	Seat change	Outcome of election	Party leader
2004	9	55 / 550	8,455,225	7.45%	55 seats	Governing coalition	Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (Founding board chair) Subur Budhisantoso (General chair)
2009	31	150 / 560	21,703,137	20.85%	95 seats	Governing coalition	Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (Founding board chair) Hadi Utomo (General chair)
2014	7	61 / 560	12,728,913	10.19%	89 seats	Neutral	Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
2019	14	54 / 575	10,876,507	7.77%	7 seats	Opposition (2019–2024)	Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
						Governing coalition (2024)
2024	14	44 / 580	11,283,053	7.43%	10 seats	Governing coalition	Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono

Presidential election results

Note: Bold text indicates the party member

References

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• Barrett, Luke (24 July 2010). "Transcending personality politics". Inside Indonesia. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
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External links

• Official website (in Indonesian)
• Library of Congress (2009). "Partai Demokrat (PD)" [Democratic Party (PD)]. Library of Congress.

v t e Political parties in Indonesia
Parties represented in national legislature	Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (110) Golkar Party (102) Gerindra Party (86) NasDem Party (69) National Awakening Party (68) Prosperous Justice Party (53) National Mandate Party (48) Democratic Party (44)
Parties represented only in regional legislatures	United Development Party (PPP) People's Conscience Party (Hanura) Indonesian Solidarity Party (PSI) Perindo Party Crescent Star Party (PBB) Nusantara Awakening Party (PKN) Garuda Party Gelora Party Ummah Party (Ummat) Labour Party (Buruh)
Parties represented only in Aceh legislature	Aceh Party (PA) Aceh Just and Prosperous Party (PAS Aceh) Aceh State Party (PNA) Aceh Abode Party (PDA) SIRA Party
Non-legislature parties Regional Aceh People's Party (PRA) Aceh Unity Party (PBA) Atjeh Green Party (PHA) Gabthat Party Prosperous and Safe Aceh Party (PAAS) National Berkarya Party Concern for the Nation Functional Party (PKPB) Green Party of Indonesia (PHI) Justice and Unity Party (PKP) Indonesian Nahdlatul Community Party (PPNUI) Indonesian National Party Marhaenism (PNI-M) Indonesian People's Da'wah Party (PDRI) Indonesian Students Party (PMI) Indonesian Workers and Employers Party (PPPI) Justice and Prosperous People Party (PRIMA) Masyumi Reborn Party National Front Party (Barnas) New Indonesia Party of Struggle (PPIB) People's Sovereignty Party (PKR) Union of Independent People (SRI)
Former political parties Pre-independence Association of Political Organisations of the Indonesian People (PPPKI) Catholic Party (Katolik) Chung Hwa Hui Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) Gerindo Indische Party (IP) Indonesian Fascist Party (PFI) Indonesian Islamic Party (PII) Indonesian Islamic Union Party (PSII) Indonesian National Party (PNI) Indonesian Political Federation (GAPI) Insulinde Paguyuban Pasundan Parindra Partai Tionghoa Indonesia Partindo Sukarno era Independent Indonesia Acoma Party Catholic Party (Katolik) Chinese Indonesian Democratic Party (PDTI) Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) Dayak Unity Party (PPD) Great Indonesia Unity Party (PIR) Indonesian Christian Party (Parkindo) Indonesian Islamic Union Party (PSII) Indonesian Marhaen People's Union (Permai) Indonesian National Party (PNI) Indonesian Peasants Party (PTI) Islamic Education Movement Party (PI Perti) Islamic Tharikah Unity Party (PPTI) Islamic Victory Force (AKUI) Labour Party (PB) Labour Party of Indonesia (PBI) League of Supporters of Indonesian Independence (IPKI) Masyumi Party Murba Party Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) National People's Party (PRN) Party of the People of Free Indonesia (PRIM) Socialist Party (PS) Socialist Party of Indonesia (PSI) Socialist Party of Indonesia (Parsi) Socialist People's Party (Parsas) Village People's Union (PRD) Pre-integration West New Guinea Indonesian Irian Independence Party (PKII) New Order Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI) Muslim Party of Indonesia (Parmusi) Reform era Archipelago Republic Party (RepublikaN) Democratic Nationhood Party (PDK) Democratic Renewal Party (PDP) Freedom Party (Merdeka) Functional Party of Struggle (Pakar Pangan) Indonesian Democratic Party of Devotion (PKDI) Indonesian Democratic Vanguard Party (PPDI) Indonesian National Populist Fortress Party (PNBK-I) Indonesian Unity Party (PSI) Indonesian Youth Party (PPI) Labour Party (PB) National People's Concern Party (PPRN) National Sun Party (PMB) Patriot Party Peace and Safe Islamic Party (Idaman) People's Democratic Party (PRD) Pioneers' Party (Pelopor) Prosperous Indonesia Party (PIS) Prosperous Peace Party (PDS) Reform Star Party (PBR) Regional Unity Party (PPD) Sovereignty Party (PK) Ulema National Awakening Party (PKNU) Unity Party (PP)
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