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Voiced dental and alveolar implosives

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(Redirected from Dental implosive) Consonantal sound "Alveolar implosive" redirects here. For the voiceless consonant, see Voiceless alveolar implosive.
Voiced alveolar implosive
ɗ
IPA number162
Audio sample
source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ɗ
Unicode (hex)U+0257
X-SAMPAd_<
Braille⠦ (braille pattern dots-236)⠙ (braille pattern dots-145)
Image

The voiced alveolar implosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɗ ⟩. The IPA symbol is lowercase letter d with a rightward hook protruding from the upper right of the letter.

The voiced dental implosive may be found in the Jhangvi dialect of Punjabi and has the symbol ⟨ɗ̪⟩.

Features

Features of the voiced alveolar implosive:

  • Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a plosive.
  • Its place of articulation is alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
  • Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • The airstream mechanism is implosive (glottalic ingressive), which means it is produced by pulling air in by pumping the glottis downward. Since it is voiced, the glottis is not completely closed, but allows a pulmonic airstream to escape through it.

Occurrence

Alveolar

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Ega 'hide'
Fula ɗiɗi/𞤯𞤭𞤯𞤭/طِطِ 'two'
Goemai al 'to swallow'
Hausa ɗaiɗai/طَـیْـطَـیْ 'one at a time'
Jamaican Patois dem 'them' Allophone of /d/ in the onset of prominent syllables
Kalabari a 'father'
Karajá ti 'bone'
Khmer ដប់/dáb 'ten'
Konso bad 'to hide'
Kwaza deda 'snake' Analyzed as /d/
Mono ku‘da 'debt'
Ongota 'dull'
Parkari Koli واۮۯون ' clouds
Paumarí 'bo'da 'old'
Serer biɗ/بِـطْ 'flower' Contrasts /ɓ̥, ɗ̥, ʄ̊, ɓ, ɗ, ʄ/.
Sindhi ڏر 'crevice'
Shona kudada 'prideful and pompous'
Tera ɗana 'to talk'
Tukang Besi 'rubbish'
Vietnamese đuôi 'tail' See Vietnamese phonology.
Wadiyara Koli Contrasts /ɓ ɗ ᶑ ʄ ɠ/.
Wambule डि॒ 'name'
Standard Zhuang nda 'set'

Dental

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Jhangvi dialect

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Shackle 1976, p. 23. sfn error: no target: CITEREFShackle1976 (help)
  2. ^ Bahl 1936, p. 28. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBahl1936 (help)
  3. Connell, Ahoua & Gibbon (2002:100)
  4. Devonish & Harry (2004:456)
  5. Harry (2003:113)
  6. Orkaydo, Ongaye Oda (2013). A Grammar of Konso. p. 11.
  7. Voort, Hein van der (2008-08-22), A Grammar of Kwaza, De Gruyter Mouton, doi:10.1515/9783110197280, ISBN 978-3-11-019728-0, retrieved 2024-03-13
  8. Olson (2004:233)
  9. Everett (2003:23)
  10. Mc Laughlin (2005:100)
  11. Tench (2007:228)
  12. Thompson (1959:458–461)

References

  • Connell, Bruce; Ahoua, Firmin; Gibbon, Dafydd (2002), "Ega", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 32 (1): 99–104, doi:10.1017/S002510030200018X
  • Devonish, H; Harry, Otelamate G. (2004), "Jamaican phonology", in Kortman, B; Shneider E. W. (eds.), A Handbook of Varieties of English, phonology, vol. 1, Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, pp. 441–471
  • Everett, Daniel L. (2003), "Iambic Feet in Paumari and the Theory of Foot Structure", Linguistic Discovery, 2 (1), doi:10.1349/ps1.1537-0852.a.263, ISSN 1537-0852
  • Harry, Otelemate (2003), "Kalaḅarị-Ịjo", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 113–120, doi:10.1017/S002510030300121X
  • Keer, Edward (1999), Geminates, The OCP and The Nature of CON, Rutgers University
  • Mc Laughlin, Fiona (2005), "Voiceless implosives in Seereer-Siin", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 35 (2): 201–214, doi:10.1017/S0025100305002215, S2CID 145717014
  • Olson, Kenneth S. (2004), "Mono" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (2): 233–238, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001744
  • Tench, Paul (2007), "Tera", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 37 (1): 228–234, doi:10.1017/s0025100307002952
  • Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics", Language, 35 (3): 454–476, doi:10.2307/411232, JSTOR 411232

External links

International Phonetic Alphabet (chart)
IPA topics
IPA
Special topics
Encodings
Consonants
Pulmonic consonants
Place Labial Coronal Dorsal Laryngeal
Manner Bi­labial Labio­dental Linguo­labial Dental Alveolar Post­alveolar Retro­flex Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn­geal/epi­glottal Glottal
Nasal m ɱ̊ ɱ n ɳ̊ ɳ ɲ̊ ɲ ŋ̊ ŋ ɴ̥ ɴ
Plosive p b t d ʈ ɖ c ɟ k ɡ q ɢ ʡ ʔ
Sibilant affricate ts dz t̠ʃ d̠ʒ
Non-sibilant affricate p̪f b̪v t̪θ d̪ð tɹ̝̊ dɹ̝ t̠ɹ̠̊˔ d̠ɹ̠˔ ɟʝ kx ɡɣ ɢʁ ʡʜ ʡʢ ʔh
Sibilant fricative s z ʃ ʒ ʂ ʐ ɕ ʑ
Non-sibilant fricative ɸ β f v θ̼ ð̼ θ ð θ̠ ð̠ ɹ̠̊˔ ɹ̠˔ ɻ̊˔ ɻ˔ ç ʝ x ɣ χ ʁ ħ ʕ h ɦ
Approximant ʋ ɹ ɻ j ɰ ʔ̞
Tap/flap ⱱ̟ ɾ̼ ɾ̥ ɾ ɽ̊ ɽ ɢ̆ ʡ̆
Trill ʙ̥ ʙ r ɽ̊r̥ ɽr ʀ̥ ʀ ʜ ʢ
Lateral affricate tꞎ d𝼅 c𝼆 ɟʎ̝ k𝼄 ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricative ɬ ɮ 𝼅 𝼆 ʎ̝ 𝼄 ʟ̝
Lateral approximant l ɭ ʎ ʟ ʟ̠
Lateral tap/flap ɺ̥ ɺ 𝼈̥ 𝼈 ʎ̆ ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell are voiced, to the left are voiceless. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Non-pulmonic consonants
BL LD D A PA RF P V U EG
Ejective Stop ʈʼ ʡʼ
Affricate p̪fʼ t̪θʼ tsʼ t̠ʃʼ tʂʼ tɕʼ kxʼ qχʼ
Fricative ɸʼ θʼ ʃʼ ʂʼ ɕʼ χʼ
Lateral affricate tɬʼ c𝼆ʼ k𝼄ʼ q𝼄ʼ
Lateral fricative ɬʼ
Click
(top: velar;
bottom: uvular)
Tenuis


k𝼊
q𝼊

Voiced ɡʘ
ɢʘ
ɡǀ
ɢǀ
ɡǃ
ɢǃ
ɡ𝼊
ɢ𝼊
ɡǂ
ɢǂ
Nasal ŋʘ
ɴʘ
ŋǀ
ɴǀ
ŋǃ
ɴǃ
ŋ𝼊
ɴ𝼊
ŋǂ
ɴǂ
ʞ
 
Tenuis lateral
Voiced lateral ɡǁ
ɢǁ
Nasal lateral ŋǁ
ɴǁ
Implosive Voiced ɓ ɗ ʄ ɠ ʛ
Voiceless ɓ̥ ɗ̥ ᶑ̊ ʄ̊ ɠ̊ ʛ̥
Co-articulated consonants
Nasal n͡m Labial–alveolar ɳ͡m Labial–retroflex ŋ͡m Labial–velar Plosive t͡pd͡b Labial–alveolar ʈ͡pɖ͡b Labial–retroflex k͡pɡ͡b Labial–velar q͡ʡ Uvular–epiglottal q͡p Labial–uvular Fricative/approximant ɥ̊ɥ Labial–palatal ʍw Labial–velar ɧ Sj-sound (variable) Lateral approximant ɫ Velarized alveolar Implosive ɠ̊͜ɓ̥ ɠ͡ɓ Labial–velar Ejective t͡pʼ Labial–alveolar
Other
Vowels
Front Central Back
Close i • y ɨ • ʉ ɯ • u
Near-close ɪ • ʏ • ʊ
Close-mid e • ø ɘ • ɵ ɤ • o
Mid • ø̞ ə ɤ̞ •
Open-mid ɛ • œ ɜ • ɞ ʌ • ɔ
Near-open æ • ɐ
Open a • ɶ ä • ɑ • ɒ

Legend: unrounded • rounded

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