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Desulfotomaculum is a genus of Gram-positive, obligately anaerobic soil bacteria. A type of sulfate-reducing bacteria, Desulfotomaculum can cause food spoilage in poorly processed canned foods. Their presence can be identified by the release of hydrogen sulfide gas with its rotten egg smell when the can is first opened. They are endospore-forming bacteria.

In 2005, a new strain of Desulfotomaculum, called Desulforudis audaxviator, was discovered during drilling 2.8 km deep in the Mponeng gold mine in South Africa. The strain, found in water which has been isolated for tens of millions of years, exists completely independent of photosynthesis. The bacteria uses radiolytically produced hydrogen gas, which is generated in that environment by the energy released by radioisotopes. The bacteria also uses sulfates. Sulfates may be generated both by the energy released by radioisotopes as well as by other chemical reactions. Generated hydrogen sulfide may be a continuous energy source for this organism. Some organisms can obtain energy from sources other than from the sun or other stars, which means similar lifeforms may be found on other planets in the Solar System and elsewhere.

Desulfotomaculum present as straight or curved rods. They are highly heat resistant and free-living fixers of atmospheric nitrogen. They are motile with a peritrichous flagella and are common inhabitants of soil, water, geothermal run-off, insect intestines and in rumen. They also cause "sulphide stinker" spoilage of canned foods.

References

1. ^ List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. "Genus Desulfotomaculum". International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP). Retrieved 2024-01-16.
2. Li-Hung Lin; Pei-Ling Wang; Douglas Rumble; Johanna Lippmann-Pipke; Erik Boice; Lisa M. Pratt; Barbara Sherwood Lollar; Eoin L. Brodie; Terry C. Hazen; Gary L. Andersen; Todd Z. DeSantis; Duane P. Moser; Dave Kershaw; T. C. Onstott (2006). "Long-Term Sustainability of a High-Energy, Low-Diversity Crustal Biome". Science. 314 (5798): 479–82. doi:10.1126/science.1127376. PMID 17053150.
3. Kenneth R. Olson, Karl D. Straub (2016). "The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Evolution and the Evolution of Hydrogen Sulfide in Metabolism and Signaling". Physiology. 31 (1): 60–72. doi:10.1152/physiol.00024.2015. PMID 26674552.

• Madigan M; Martinko J, eds. (2005). Brock Biology of Microorganisms (11th ed.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-144329-7.
• "Gold mine holds life untouched by the Sun". New Scientist. 19 October 2006. Retrieved 6 September 2016.
• "Bacteria that use radiated water for food discovered two miles down". Phys.org. 19 October 2006. Retrieved 6 September 2016.

• Peptococcaceae