| Dianthera pectoralis | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Acanthaceae |
| Genus: | Dianthera |
| Species: | D. pectoralis |
| Binomial name | |
| Dianthera pectoralis (Jacq.) J.F.Gmel. (1791) | |
| Synonyms | |
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Dianthera pectoralis is an herb in the family Acanthaceae. This water-willow is widely known as tilo in Latin America and in Cuba. In Haiti, it is called chapantye and zeb chapantyè on Dominica and Martinique. Other folk names are freshcut, chambá carpintero ("carpenter"), té criollo ("Criollo tea"), curia, death-angel, masha-hari, or "piri piri". This species was described by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin in 1760, who provided additional data in 1763. A well-marked variety, var. stenophylla, was described by Emery Clarence Leonard in 1958.
Uses
Traditional uses
Across its range, it is used in folk medicine as a relaxant and general tonic. Additionally, it is often used in preparation of ayahuasca, a South American psychoactive brew.
Other uses
As regards other applications, it is noted for its pleasant smell and as a source of coumarin, which it produces in plenty, and which in combination with umbelliferone is responsible for many of its notable properties. It is also admixed to epená (Virola) snuff to make it smell more pleasant. In particular var. stenophylla might also be hallucinogenic in certain preparations; it is known to wajacas (shamans) of the Krahô tribe in Brazil, who know that variety as mashi-hiri and consider it a potent entheogen, not to be taken by the uninitiated. The wajacas (shamans) refer to the leaves of the Dianthera pectoralis var. stenophylla as bolek-bena meaning "Leaves of the Angel of Death". Its name likely comes from the fact it has killed three curanderos.
Etymology
The name "tilo" could be by association with Tilia, the linden trees. These are entirely unrelated eudicots whose flowers have similar relaxant properties. The water-"willows" are not relatives of the true willows either; like the lindens, the latter belong to the rosid branch of the eudicots.
References
- Dianthera pectoralis (Jacq.) J.F.Gmel. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
- NRCS. "Justicia pectoralis". PLANTS Database. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 28 May 2015.
- de Albuquerque, Ulysses Paulino; Monteiro, Júlio Marcelino; Ramos, Marcelo Alves; de Amorim, Elba Lúcia Cavalcanti (March 2007). "Medicinal and magic plants from a public market in northeastern Brazil". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 110 (1). Table 1. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2006.09.010. PMID 17056216.
- Lino, C. S.; M. L. Taveira; G. S. B. Viana; F. J. A. Matos (1997). "Analgesic and antiinflammatory activities of Justicia pectoralis Jacq and its main constituents: coumarin and umbelliferone". Phytotherapy Research. 11 (3): 211–215. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199705)11:3<211::AID-PTR72>3.0.CO;2-W. S2CID 84525194. Archived from the original on 2013-01-05. Retrieved 2010-06-26.
- Rodrigues, Eliana; E A Carlini (December 2006). "Plants with possible psychoactive effects used by the Krahô Indians, Brazil" (PDF). Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. 28 (4): 277–282. doi:10.1590/S1516-44462006005000014. ISSN 1516-4446. PMID 17242806.
- Stafford, Peter (1993). Psychedelics Encyclopedia. Ronin Publishing. p. 321. ISBN 0914171518.
Bibliography
 | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (June 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
- Comisión Técnica de Fitomed (CTF) : Tilo . Retrieved 2008-11-01.
- Tilo (in Spanish), Consultas Medicas. Retrieved June 2010.
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) (2006a): Germplasm Resources Information Network – Justicia pectoralis. Version of 2006-08-04. Retrieved 2008-04-04.
| Taxon identifiers | |
|---|---|
| Justicia pectoralis |
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