Diego Messía Felípez de Guzmán, 1st Marquis of Leganés (baptised 7 February 1582 – 16 February 1655) was a Spanish politician and army commander.
Biography
Diego was the youngest son of Diego Velázquez Dávila y Bracamonte, Marquis of Loriana, and Leonor de Gúzman, aunt of the Count-Duke of Olivares.
Beginning in 1600, he fought during more than 20 years in the Spanish Netherlands in the service of Albert VII, Archduke of Austria. After the Archduke's death, Diego returned to Spain where his cousin Olivares had become valido, and under his patronage, Diego soon became very influential.
After becoming a member of the State Council in 1626, he was made Marquis of Leganés in 1627 and that same year married Polixena Spinola, the daughter of general Ambrosio Spinola, Captain general of Spain's Army of Flanders.
In 1627, Leganés was sent back to Flanders to force the States General to accept Olivares' project of the Union of Arms, and pay for an extra 12,000 infantry soldiers. On his way back, he and general Ambrosio Spinola visited the Siege of La Rochelle by the French, on which occasion they discussed the succession of the Duchy of Mantua, which would eventually lead to the War of the Mantuan Succession.
After this mission, Leganés held several important political and military posts in the Spanish Netherlands, which earned him the title of Grandee of Spain in 1634.
On 24 September 1635, Leganés was named Captain General and Governor of the Duchy of Milan, and was soon involved in the Franco-Spanish War (1635) and the Piedmontese Civil War against France, Parma, Mantua and Savoy. He besieged Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma and Piacenza and, with pressure from Pope Urban VIII, forced him to sign a peace treaty in 1637. Leganés also prevented the French from taking the Valtellina and won some victories against Savoy.
In 1638 Leganés conquered Breme and Vercelli, and the following year launched a great offensive against Piedmont. He conquered a large number of cities, but suffered a great defeat near Casale and failed at the Siege of Turin (1640).
Called back to Spain, in November 1641 Leganés was given the command of the army of Catalonia to push back the French and Catalan troops in the Catalan Revolt. After some initial successes in defending Tarragona, Leganés suffered a defeat in the Battle of Lerida (1642), which made him fall from grace.
In 1645 Leganés was rehabilitated and made nominal Viceroy of Catalonia where he defended successfully the city of Lérida in 1646. He remained viceroy until 1648.
He was appointed President of the Council of Italy in June 1653, holding the post until his death.
He died in Madrid on 16 February 1655.
Marriage and children
First he married Polixena Spinola (died 1639), daughter of Ambrosio Spinola. They had two children:
- Gaspar Felípez de Guzmán y Spinola, 2nd Marquis of Leganés (died 1666), governor of Oran and Viceroy of Valencia.
- Father of Diego Dávila Mesía y Guzmán, 3rd Marquis of Leganés (died 1711).
- Ambrosio Ignacio Mexía Felípez de Guzmán y Spinola (1632–1684), tutor of Balthasar Charles, Prince of Asturias and Archbishop.
He next married Juana Fernández de Córdoba y Rojas, daughter of Luis Fernández de Córdoba, 6th Duke of Sessa.
Art collector
The Marquis of Leganés was also a great art collector, and his collection is said to have numbered 1,100 paintings in 1641.
Further reading
- Liedtke, Walter A. (1984). Flemish paintings in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. ISBN 0870993569. (see index, v.1, for information about his art collecting).
References
- ^ (in Spanish) Sanz Ayán, Carmen. "Diego Messía Felípez de Guzmán". Diccionario Biográfico electrónico. Real Academia de la Historia. Retrieved 27 December 2024.
- ^ Malcolm 2017, p. 167.
- Hanlon 2019, pp. 186–188.
- Elliott 2002, p. 348.
Sources
- Elliott, J. H. (2002). Imperial Spain 1469-1716. Penguin Books.
- Hanlon, Gregory (2019). The Hero of Italy: Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma, his Soldiers, and his Subjects in the Thirty Years' War. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-258628-5.
- Malcolm, Alistair (2017). Royal Favouritism and the Governing Elite of the Spanish Monarchy, 1640-1665. Oxford University Press.
External links
- Retrato de Diego Felipez de Guzmán, Marquess of Leganés, his biography in Spanish from 1791.
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded byCardinal Gil de Albornoz | Governor of the Duchy of Milan 1635–1636 |
Succeeded byFernando Afán de Ribera, duke of Alcalá de los Gazules |
| Preceded byFernando Afán de Ribera, duke of Alcalá de los Gazules | Governor of the Duchy of Milan 1636–1641 |
Succeeded byJuan de Velasco, Count of Siruela |
