Misplaced Pages

You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Vietnamese. Click for important translation instructions. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Misplaced Pages. Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Vietnamese Misplaced Pages article at ]; see its history for attribution. You may also add the template {{Translated|vi|Điện Biên Phủ}} to the talk page. For more guidance, see Misplaced Pages:Translation.

Điện Biên Phủ Thành phố Điện Biên Phủ 城庯奠邊府
City (Class-3)
Điện Biên Phủ City
Dien Bien Phu Victory Monument and a corner of Dien Bien Phu city
Location in northern Vietnam
Điện Biên PhủLocation of Điện Biên in Vietnam
Coordinates: 21°23′N 103°1′E / 21.383°N 103.017°E / 21.383; 103.017
Country	Vietnam
Province	Điện Biên
Founded	April 18, 1992: established Điện Biên Phủ town September 26, 2003: established Điện Biên Phủ city
Area
• City (Class-3)	308.18 km (118.99 sq mi)
Population
• City (Class-3)	84,672
• Density	270/km (710/sq mi)
• Urban	59,876
• Ethnicities	Kinh Thai H'Mong
Time zone	UTC+7 (Indochina Time)
Climate	Aw
Website	tpdienbienphu.dienbien.gov.vn

Điện Biên Phủ (Vietnamese: [ɗîənˀ ɓīən fû] , chữ Hán: 奠邊府) is a city in the northwestern region of Vietnam. It is the capital of Điện Biên Province. The city is best known for the decisive Battle of Điện Biên Phủ, which occurred during the First Indochina War of independence against France. The region is a center of ethnic Tai culture. In prior history, the city was formerly called Muang Thaeng.

Điện Biên Phủ lies in Mường Thanh Valley, a 20 km (12 mi) long and 6 km (3.7 mi) wide basin sometimes described as "heart-shaped." It is on the western edge of Điện Biên Province, of which it is the capital, and is only about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from the border with Laos.

Until the creation of the province in 2004, Điện Biên Phủ was part of Lai Châu Province. The Vietnamese government elevated Điện Biên Phủ to town status in 1992, and to city status in 2003.

Demographics

Statistics on Điện Biên Phủ's population vary depending on definitions—figures are generally between 70,000 and 125,000. The city is growing quickly and was projected to have a population of 150,000 by 2020.

According to statistics from the government, as of 2019, the city had a population of 80,366 people, covering an area of 308.18 km.

Transport

National Route 12 connects Điện Biên to Lai Châu. Điện Biên Phủ Airport serves the city with air route to Hanoi capital and Ho Chi Minh City.

History

The 8th century Thai locality of Muang Then is believed to have been centered here.

Nineteenth and early twentieth century

Điện Biên Phủ was rather politically removed from central Vietnamese control until 1841. In this year, under the Nguyễn dynasty, Điện Biên Phủ was directly incorporated into the Vietnamese political system when they established the town as an administrative district. This was partly done for more direct control of the region and to stop bandits who were exploiting the opium trade.

In 1887, Điện Biên Phủ became a French protectorate. To ensure that the French would control the local opium trade, they appointed a sole administrator to supervise the trade and control the town. Other than a Hmong rebellion in 1918, the town was under French control until the Japanese occupied it during World War II. By early May 1945, the Japanese occupied Điện Biên Phủ and planned to convert it into a large military and logistical base. However, with an airstrip barely being enlarged, Chinese nationalist troops took the town in August of the same year. Subsequently, the nationalist forces then gave way to returning French troops.

Operation Castor (1953)

In the 1950s, the town was known for its famous opium traffic, generating 500,000,000 French francs annually. It was also an extensive source of rice for the Việt Minh.

The region was fortified in November 1953 by the French Union force in the biggest airborne operation of the 1946–1954 First Indochina War, Operation Castor, to block Việt Minh transport routes and to set the stage to draw out Việt Minh forces.

Siege of Điện Biên Phủ (1954)

The following year, the important Battle of Điện Biên Phủ was fought between the Việt Minh (led by General Võ Nguyên Giáp), and the French Union (led by General Henri Navarre, successor to General Raoul Salan). The siege of the French garrison lasted fifty-seven days, from 17:30, 13 March to 17:30, 7 May 1954. The southern outpost or fire base of "Camp Isabelle" did not follow the cease-fire order and fought until 01:00 the following day. The long-scheduled Geneva Meeting's Indochina conference involving the United States, the UK, the French Union and the USSR had already begun on 26 April 1954.

The battle was significant beyond the valleys of Điện Biên Phủ. Giáp's victory ended major French involvement in Indochina and led to the Geneva accords which partitioned Vietnam into North and South.

Điện Biên Phủ apparently recovered quickly after the siege. When Wilfred Burchett visited the area in 1962, he found a 5,000-acre state-owned farm growing coffee, cotton, rice, and sugar cane on land that had once been a battleground. For example, the airstrip at Isabelle was now a rice field, and most of the approach trenches used by the Việt Minh had been filled in. The farm manager told him that 1,500 soldiers from 176th regiment arrived in 1958 to cultivate the area, followed by 1,200 volunteers from the Red River Delta, of which 900 were women. During their first season there, they cleared away the leftover land mines and rushed to grow enough crops in time, to the exclusion of other activities. They did not have housing until after the first season; in the meantime, they sheltered with the local Thái tribe, who also gave them extra seeds for growing rice. Burchett claimed he also saw a hospital with 60 beds, some pottery-making facilities, the remains of a French tank and various airplanes, two tombstones dedicated to the two soldiers who blew up said tank, a "modest" monument packed with more tombstones, and a "small museum" filled with homemade weapons used in the battle.

Climate

See also

• Battle of Điện Biên Phủ
• Operation Castor

Notes

1. ^ https://tuyengiao.vn/dien-bien-phu-vung-dat-con-nguoi-truyen-thong-va-phat-trien-154121#:~:text=Ng%C3%A0y%207%2F10%2F1995%2C,Th%C3%A0nh%20ph%E1%BB%91%20%C4%90i%E1%BB%87n%20Bi%C3%AAn%20Ph%E1%BB%A7. Điện Biên Phủ: Vùng đất - Con người, Truyền thống và Phát triển
2. ^ "Nghị quyết số 815/NQ-UBTVQH14 năm 2019 về việc sắp xếp các đơn vị hành chính cấp huyện, cấp xã thuộc tỉnh Điện Biên". 2019-11-21.
3. Điện Biên Phủ: Development and Conservation in a Vietnamese Cultural Landscape, by William Logan. Paper Presented at the Forum UNESCO University and Heritage. 10th International Seminar "Cultural Landscapes in the 21st Century". Newcastle upon Tyne, 11–16 April 2005. Revised: July 2006.
4. ^ Schellinger, Paul; Salkin, Robert, eds. (1996). International Dictionary of Historic Places, Volume 5: Asia and Oceania. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. p. 230. ISBN 1-884964-04-4.
5. The Last Valley, Martin Windrow, 2004
6. J. A. S. Grenville, page 407 The Collins History of the World in the Twentieth Century, ISBN 0 00 255169 1
7. Forbes, Andrew, and Henley, David: Vietnam Past and Present: The North (History and culture of Hanoi and Tonkin). Chiang Mai. Cognoscenti Books, 2012. ASIN: B006DCCM9Q.
8. Burchett, Wilfred G. (1963). The Furtive War: The United States in Vietnam and Laos. New York: International Publishers. pp. 132–145.
9. "Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology" (PDF).

External links

• Điện Biên Phủ: History of the Battle
• Erdal Can Alkoçlar

Media links

• (in French) The situation of Điện Biên Phủ, 50 years after the battle (French news, public channel France 2, 5 May 2004)Dinan Dinana inan

21°23′N 103°01′E / 21.383°N 103.017°E / 21.383; 103.017

v t e Places adjacent to Điện Biên Phủ
Mường Chà Điện Biên Phủ Điện Biên Đông and Mường Ảng Điện Biên

v t e Điện Biên province
Capital: Điện Biên Phủ
Điện Biên Phủ	Wards Him Lam Mường Thanh Nam Thanh Noong Bua Tân Thanh Thanh Bình Thanh Trường Communes Mường Phăng Nà Nhạn Nà Tấu Pá Khoang Thanh Minh
Mường Lay	Wards Na Lay Sông Đà Communes Lay Nưa
Điện Biên	Hẹ Muông Hua Thanh Mường Lói Mường Nhà Mường Pồn Na Tông Na Ư Noọng Hẹt Noong Luống Núa Ngam Pa Thơm Phu Luông Pom Lót Sam Mứn Thanh An Thanh Chăn Thanh Hưng Thanh Luông Thanh Nưa Thanh Xương Thanh Yên
Điện Biên Đông	Điện Biên Đông Chiềng Sơ Háng Lìa Keo Lôm Luân Giói Mường Luân Na Son Nong U Phì Nhừ Phình Giàng Pú Hồng Pu Nhi Tìa Dình Xa Dung
Mường Ảng	Mường Ảng Ẳng Cang Ẳng Nưa Ẳng Tở Búng Lao Mường Đăng Mường Lạn Nặm Lịch Ngối Cáy Xuân Lao
Mường Chà	Mường Chà Huổi Lèng Huổi Mí Hừa Ngài Ma Thì Hồ Mường Mươn Mường Tùng Na Sang Nậm Nèn Pa Ham Sa Lông Sá Tổng
Mường Nhé	Chung Chải Huổi Lếch Leng Su Sìn Mường Nhé Mường Toong Nậm Kè Nậm Vì Pá Mỳ Quảng Lâm Sen Thượng Sín Thầu
Nậm Pồ	Chà Cang Chà Nưa Chà Tở Na Cô Sa Nà Bủng Nà Hỳ Nà Khoa Nậm Chua Nậm Khăn Nậm Nhừ Nậm Tin Pa Tần Phìn Hồ Si Pa Phìn Vàng Đán
Tủa Chùa	Tủa Chùa Huổi Só Lao Xả Phình Mường Báng Mường Đun Sín Chải Sính Phình Tả Phìn Tả Sìn Thàng Trung Thu Tủa Thàng Xá Nhè
Tuần Giáo	Tuần Giáo Chiềng Đông Chiềng Sinh Mường Khong Mường Mùn Mường Thín Nà Sáy Nà Tòng Phình Sáng Pú Nhung Pú Xi Quài Cang Quài Nưa Quài Tở Rạng Đông Ta Ma Tênh Phông Tỏa Tình Mùn Chung

v t e Districts of Northwest Vietnam
Điện Biên province	Điện Biên Phủ city Mường Lay town Điện Biên Điện Biên Đông Mường Ảng Mường Chà Mường Nhé Nậm Pồ Tủa Chùa Tuần Giáo
Hòa Bình province	Hòa Bình city Cao Phong Đà Bắc Kim Bôi Lạc Sơn Lạc Thủy Lương Sơn Mai Châu Tân Lạc Yên Thủy
Lai Châu province	Lai Châu city Mường Tè Nậm Nhùn Phong Thổ Sìn Hồ Tam Đường Tân Uyên Than Uyên
Lào Cai province	Lào Cai city Sa Pa town Bắc Hà Bảo Thắng Bảo Yên Bát Xát Mường Khương Si Ma Cai Văn Bàn
Sơn La province	Sơn La city Bắc Yên Mai Sơn Mộc Châu Mường La Phù Yên Quỳnh Nhai Sông Mã Sốp Cộp Thuận Châu Vân Hồ Yên Châu
Yên Bái province	Yên Bái city Nghĩa Lộ town Lục Yên Mù Cang Chải Trạm Tấu Trấn Yên Văn Chấn Văn Yên Yên Bình
denotes provincial seat.

• Populated places in Điện Biên province
• Districts of Điện Biên province
• Provincial capitals in Vietnam
• Cities in Vietnam
• Dien Bien Phu
• Điện Biên province