| Bell-flower hyacinth orchid | |
|---|---|
| Conservation status | |
 Endangered (EPBC Act) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Orchidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Epidendroideae |
| Genus: | Dipodium |
| Species: | D. campanulatum |
| Binomial name | |
| Dipodium campanulatum D.L.Jones | |
Dipodium campanulatum, commonly known as the bell-flower hyacinth orchid, is a leafless mycoheterotroph orchid that is endemic to south-eastern Australia. In summer it has up to thirty five white flowers with large, dark red spots and blotches.
Description
Dipodium campanulatum is a leafless, tuberous, perennial herb. For most of the year, plants are dormant and have no above-ground presence. The flowering stem reaches to a height of 400–700 mm (20–30 in) and appears between December and February. It bears between fifteen and thirty five slightly bell-shaped white flowers with large, dark red spots and blotches. The flowers are 15–30 mm (0.6–1 in) wide on a pedicel 10–18 mm (0.4–0.7 in) long. The sepals and petals are 12–14 mm (0.5–0.6 in) long, 3–5 mm (0.1–0.2 in) wide and all are free from each other with their tips curved slightly forwards. The labellum is 12–16 mm (0.5–0.6 in) long, 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) wide with a narrow central band of mauve hairs up to 0.5 mm (0.02 in) long.
Taxonomy and naming
Dipodium campanulatum was first formally described in 1991 by Australian botanist David Jones and the description was published in Australian Orchid Research. The type specimen was collected in Naracoorte in South Australia. The specific epithet (campanulatum) is the diminutive form of the Latin words campanula meaning "bell", hence "little bell", referring to the shape of the flowers of this orchid.
Distribution and habitat
The bell-flower hyacinth orchid occurs in South Australia near the Victorian border and near Apsley in Victoria. Associated tree species include stringybark (Eucalyptus baxteri or Eucalyptus arenacea) and Eucalyptus leucoxylon. Other associated species include wattles Acacia spp., bracken Pteridium esculentum, cranberry heath (Astroloma humifusum) and magenta storksbill (Pelargonium rodneyanum).
Ecology
Pollination of this species, as for all species in the genus, is by native bees and wasps.
Conservation
The species is classed as "endangered" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, as "vulnerable" in South Australia and "endangered" in Victoria under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 and on the Victorian Department of Environment and Primary Industries' advisory list of rare or threatened plants in Victoria.
Cultivation
No leafless species of Dipodium has been sustained in cultivation due to the inability to replicate its association with mycorrhizal fungi in a horticultural context.
References
- "Dipodium campanulatum". APNI. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
- "Dipodium campanulatum D.L.Jones". The Plant List version 1.1. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
- ^ Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 270. ISBN 1877069124.
- ^ Jones, David L. (1991). "New taxa of Australian Orchidaceae". Australian Orchid Research. 2: 49–50.
- ^ Jeanes, Jeff. "Dendrobium campanulatum". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
- ^ "Conservation advice - Dipodium campanulatum" (PDF). Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy. Retrieved 12 July 2018.
- Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 137.
- "Threatened species advisory lists" (PDF). Department of Environment and Primary Industries. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
- "Census of South Australian plants - Dipodium". State Herbarium of South Australian. Retrieved 12 July 2018.