Donald Stuart Russell (February 22, 1906 – February 22, 1998) was an American politician, attorney, judge, and academic administrator from South Carolina. A Democrat, Russell was elected Governor of South Carolina in 1962 and served from 1963 to 1965, which was followed by a stint as U.S. Senator from South Carolina from 1965 to 1966.
Russell went on to become district judge of the District Court for the District of South Carolina and the circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. Prior to his political career, Russell served as an Assistant Secretary of State in the 1940s, and was president of the University of South Carolina in the 1950s. Russell was a close ally and political protege of James F. Byrnes.
Early life and education
Russell was born on February 22, 1906, in the unincorporated community of Lafayette Springs in Lafayette County, Mississippi, his father dying the year of his birth. In 1914, he moved with his family to Chester, South Carolina. He received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from the University of South Carolina in 1925.
Russell received a Bachelor of Laws from University of South Carolina School of Law and passed the South Carolina bar in 1928. He studied graduate level law at the University of Michigan Law School in 1929.
Early career
Russell was in private practice of law in Union, South Carolina, from 1929 to 1930. He was in private practice of law with the law firm of Nichols, Wyche and Byrnes in Spartanburg, South Carolina, from 1930 to 1942. He was in private practice of law in Spartanburg from 1947 to 1951 and from 1957 to 1963. Additionally, Russell served as president of the University of South Carolina from 1951 to 1957.
Ruseell served on the Price Adjustment Board of the War Department and as assistant director of economic stabilization in 1942, and in 1943 became an assistant to the director of war mobilization. Russell was in the United States Army as a major in 1944 and became deputy director of the Office of War Mobilization Reconversion in 1945.
Service as Assistant Secretary of State
In 1947, Russell began service as Assistant Secretary of State for Administration. He was a protégé of former Secretary of State James F. Byrnes. During that time, he became involved in the case of "Mr. Blank" and nine other State Department officials, dismissed for unspecified charges related to loyalty. The case became a sensation when journalist Bert Andrews obtained a secret transcript of Mr. Blank's case and published a series of articles in the New York Herald-Tribune starting on November 2, 1947.
Governor of South Carolina
In 1958, he ran unsuccessfully for Governor of South Carolina, losing the Democratic primary to Ernest F."Fritz" Hollings. In 1962, he was elected the 107th Governor of South Carolina, and would serve from 1963 to 1965. On April 22, 1965, Russell resigned as governor, after which new governor Robert E. McNair appointed him to fill the seat vacated by the death of Olin D. Johnston as Democratic Senator, through 1966.
Notable events during his tenure
On January 28, 1963, Clemson University enrolled its first-ever African-American student, Harvey Gantt, who would later become Mayor of Charlotte. On September 16, 1964, former Governor Strom Thurmond announced his move to the Republican Party. On October 29, 1964, Greenville native Charles Townes won the Nobel Prize in Physics. On November 3, 1964, a majority of South Carolina voters supported Barry Goldwater, the first Republican presidential candidate to carry the state since Reconstruction.
Federal judicial service
Russell was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson on October 11, 1966, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina vacated by the death of Judge Charles Cecil Wyche. He was confirmed to this office by his fellow members of the United States Senate on October 20, 1966, and received his commission on November 3, 1966. His service was terminated on May 1, 1971, due to his elevation to the Fourth Circuit.
Russell was nominated by President Richard Nixon on April 7, 1971, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit vacated by Judge Simon Sobeloff. He was confirmed by the Senate on April 21, 1971, and received his commission on April 23, 1971. His service was terminated on February 22, 1998, due to his death.
Relationship with James F. Byrnes
Russell's most notable political/professional relationship was with James F. Byrnes:
Russell's relationship with Byrnes became very important over the following years, particularly as Byrnes took on increasingly prominent positions in the Roosevelt administration. Russell went to Washington as Byrnes' assistant when Byrnes was appointed director of the Office of Economic Stabilization in October 1942. In May 1943, Russell followed Byrnes to the Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion, which Byrnes had been appointed to direct. In October 1944 Russell went on active duty serving at the Army's Supreme Allied Headquarters in Europe. Major Russell was discharged later that year. In early 1945, Russell served as Deputy Director of the Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion, then as Assistant Secretary of State for Administration, under Byrnes, from August 1945 to January 1947. Russell implemented plans for the reorganization of the Foreign Service and developed the first series of continual regional foreign policy statements, which was later to become standard practice. Russell's interest in the foreign service later led to his involvement on several federal committees. As the assistant to Byrnes, Russell was at Potsdam with President Harry Truman and Byrnes and took part in the decision to drop the first atomic bomb. Byrnes and Russell left the administration shortly after the war ended and joined Hogan & Hartson, a Washington, D.C., law firm.
Personal life, death and legacy
Russell was a Methodist. Russell married Virginia Utsey; they had four children. Russell died on his 92nd birthday, February 22, 1998. His Spartanburg home was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. When he died, he left an estate of over $30 million ($50 million in 2018), which he gained through sound investments in banks, insurance and utility companies.
References
- Petersen, Melody (February 25, 1998). "Donald S. Russell Dies at 92; Politician and Federal Judge". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved December 26, 2023.
- ^ "Russell, Donald Stuart (1906–1998)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
- ^ Donald S. Russell at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
- ^ "Donald S. Russell Papers, 1929–1998". Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
- ^ "SC Governors, Donald S. Russell Papers, 1963–1965". SCiway. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
- ^ "South Carolina Governor Donald Stuart Russell". SCiway. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
- Alsop, Joseph; Alsop, Stewart (August 15, 1947). "Matter of Fact: The Case of the Ten". Washington Post. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
- Andrews, Bert (November 2, 1947). "A State Department Security Case: The Story of an Employee Dismissed After 8-Month F.B.I. Investigation with the Nature of the Charges Against Him Never Revealed". New York Herald-Tribune. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
- Andrews, Bert (November 4, 1947). "7 Dropped as Loyalty Risk Say Statement Department Pursues Them: Protest Impairment of Their Job Opportunities". New York Herald-Tribune. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
- Andrews, Bert (November 6, 1947). "Marshall Says 'Security Risks' Can Appeal; Won't Tell Charges". New York Herald-Tribune. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
- Lindley, Ernest (November 3, 1947). "What Price Security? The Case of Mr. Blank". Washington Post.
- Emerson, Thomas I.; Helfeld, David M. (January 1, 1948). "Loyalty Among Government Employees". Yale University. Retrieved December 26, 2017.
- "THURMOND BREAK IS MADE OFFICIAL; He Will Work as Republican for Goldwater Election". The New York Times. September 17, 1964. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 10, 2023.
- "Berkley.edu". Archived from the original on March 31, 2022. Retrieved September 15, 2019.
- "Evans-Russell House, Spartanburg County (716 Otis Blvd, Spartanburg)". National Register Properties in South Carolina. South Carolina Department of Archives and History. Retrieved October 15, 2012.
- Writer, ROBERT W. DALTON Staff. "Court ends bickering over ex-governor's will". GoUpstate. Retrieved August 12, 2018.
External links
- Donald S. Russell at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
- "Donald Stuart Russell". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- Donald S. Russell Papers at South Carolina Political Collections, University of South Carolina
- SCIway Biography of Donald Stuart Russell
- NGA Biography of Donald Stuart Russell
- Donald S. Russell at Find a Grave
- Governor Donald S. Russell Collection (RG 550000) at the South Carolina Department of Archives & History
| Government offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded byFrank McCarthy | Assistant Secretary of State for Administration September 24, 1945 – January 20, 1947 |
Succeeded byJohn Peurifoy |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded byErnest Hollings | Democratic nominee for Governor of South Carolina 1962 |
Succeeded byRobert Evander McNair |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded byErnest Hollings | Governor of South Carolina January 15, 1963 – April 22, 1965 |
Succeeded byRobert Evander McNair |
| U.S. Senate | ||
| Preceded byOlin D. Johnston | U.S. senator (Class 3) from South Carolina April 22, 1965 – November 8, 1966 Served alongside: Strom Thurmond |
Succeeded byErnest Hollings |
| Legal offices | ||
| Preceded byCharles Cecil Wyche | Judge of the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina November 3, 1966 – May 1, 1971 |
Succeeded bySolomon Blatt Jr. |
| Preceded bySimon Sobeloff | Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit April 23, 1971 – February 22, 1998 |
Succeeded byWilliam Byrd Traxler Jr. |
| United States senators from South Carolina | ||
|---|---|---|
| Class 2 |  | |
| Class 3 | ||
| South Carolina's delegation(s) to the 89th United States Congress (ordered by seniority) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||
| Presidents of the University of South Carolina | |
|---|---|
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- 1906 births
- 1998 deaths
- 20th-century American judges
- 20th-century American lawyers
- 20th-century South Carolina politicians
- People from Lafayette County, Mississippi
- Methodists from South Carolina
- Democratic Party governors of South Carolina
- Democratic Party United States senators from South Carolina
- Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
- Judges of the United States District Court for the Western District of South Carolina
- Presidents of the University of South Carolina
- United States court of appeals judges appointed by Richard Nixon
- United States district court judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson
- University of Michigan Law School alumni
- University of South Carolina alumni
- University of South Carolina trustees
- 20th-century United States senators