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Dowd is a derivation of an ancient surname once common in Ireland but now not readily found. The name Dowd is an Anglicisation of the original Ó Dubhda (pronounced [oː ˈd̪ˠuːd̪ˠə]), through its more common form O'Dowd. The Uí Dubhda are one of the Clann Uí Fiachrach, one of the major families of Irish clans.

The Uí Fiachrach – early origins

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There are many people of Irish descent who can justly claim an ancestry as ancient and royal as that of any of the famous European dynasties. Among them are the Ó Dubhda family, including the O'Dowda, O'Dowd and other variant spellings, who are descended (with many other families) from a people in the West of Ireland once known as the Uí Fiachrach (IPA: [iː ˈfʲiəxɾˠəx]). This name derived from a 5th-century pagan king of Connacht called Fiachra (IPA: [ˈfʲiəxɾˠə]). His grandson Dáithí (IPA: [ˈd̪ˠaːhiː]) also became king and was killed by lightning about A.D. 445. His grandson Aillil (IPA: [ˈal̠ʲəlʲ]) succeeded as King of Connacht and later King of Tara until A.D. 482.

The Ó Dubhda surname

The Uí Fiachrach provided successive kings of Connacht for a long period, but their sphere of influence became confined to North Connacht. In the late 10th century, their king was named Aedh Ua Dubhda – i.e. Hugh, the grandson of Dubhda. He was king of an area roughly corresponding to the two counties of Mayo and Sligo. He is recorded as having "died an untroubled death" in the year A.D. 982, making this surname one of the oldest in Europe. As the use of surnames became more widespread, descendants continued to use the name Ó Dubhda to distinguish their own royal family.

The Ó Dubhda Taoiseach

The Ó Dubhda remained kings of North Connacht until the 13th century. However, great changes took place in Irish society and they lost control over much of their former lands before being confined to the barony of Tireragh (Irish: Tír Fhiacrach [ˌtʲiːɾʲ ˈiəkɾˠəx]), meaning "the country of Fiachra", in County Sligo. As a result, they gradually dropped the use of the title "king". It was replaced in time by the title Taoiseach (IPA: [ˈt̪ˠiːʃəx]), meaning chieftain or leader. This term now is used as the title of the Irish Prime Minister.

The man who became Taoiseach generally was referred to by his surname only, e.g. Ó Dubhda. In this way he came to be referred to as chief of his name. He was elected according to the old Irish laws and sometimes there was dispute over the leadership. One means of avoiding conflict was by the selection of a Taoiseach-elect, called a Tánaiste (IPA: [ˈt̪ˠaːn̪ˠəʃtʲə]). This term is now used for the Irish Deputy Prime Minister. The election and inauguration was presided over by the ollamh (IPA: [ˈɔl̪ˠəw]), or professor of the Mac Firbis family of scholars.

The Ó Dubhda is unique in having a detailed account of the inauguration ceremony of their Taoiseach preserved in an ancient manuscript of the aforementioned Mac Firbis scholars. This manuscript, known as the Great Book of Lecan, was written near Enniscrone in Tireragh between A.D. 1397 and 1418, and now is carefully preserved as one of the Irish national treasures in Dublin. One of the most generous sponsors of the Mac Firbis scholars was Tadhg Riabhach Ó Dubhda (Dark Teige), who became Taoiseach of Tireragh in A.D.1417. He is particularly remembered in this manuscript in which his death is recorded at Enniscrone Castle. The unique treasure preserves much of ancient Irish heritage. It contains information relating to the history of hundreds of different Irish families. Its existence is a testament to both the Mac Firbis bardic scholars, who wrote it, and the Ó Dubhda rulers, who supported them.

O'Dowda and O'Dowd, Dowd and Doody, etc.

The ancient laws of Ireland, known as the Brehon Laws, continued in use until the early 1600s. The last Taoiseach to be elected under these was Tadg Buí Ó Dubhda (Blonde Teige) who was inaugurated in 1595. He led his army south to the Battle of Kinsale in 1601 and never came back. Tradition states he survived the battle and settled in County Kerry, where his family later became known as Doody.

During the 17th century, the rest of the Ó Dubhda ruling family was displaced from their homeland, where they had owned 24 castles and 52 towns, including Enniscrone. They split into two main branches, and these settled in County Mayo. In dealings with government officials using the English language several different spellings of the surname were introduced, one branch using the spelling of O'Dowda, while the other branch became known as O'Dowd. Two centuries earlier a third branch had left and settled near Dublin, where they became known as Dowd.

Although there are more than 40 other variations, Dowd and O'Dowd now are the most common versions of the surname. There are many descendants now living who can trace their ancestry directly to the original Ó Dubhda kings.

Notable people

Alice Mary Dowd (1855–1943), educator, author
Ann Dowd (born 1956), American actress
Bernard J. Dowd (1891–1971), Mayor of Buffalo, New York
Charles F. Dowd (1825–1904), American educator who proposed U.S. time zones
Clement Dowd (1832–1898), American politician
David Dudley Dowd Jr. (1929–2016), American judge
Douglas Fitzgerald Dowd (1919–2017), American political economist, economic historian and political activist
Earle Dowd, co-producer of the 1960s hit comedy album, The First Family
Graham Dowd (born 1963), New Zealand rugby player
Harry Dowd (1938–2015), English football player
Hugh Dowd (born 1951), Northern Irish football player
Jim Dowd (politician) (born 1951), Member of UK Parliament
Jim Dowd (ice hockey) (born 1968), hockey player
Jeff Dowd (born 1949), American film producer and political activisten
Johnny Dowd (born 1948), American country musician
John Dowd (baseball) (1891–1981), American baseball player
John Dowd (motorcyclist) (born 1965), American motocross racer
John Dowd (politician) (born 1940), Australian politician, jurist
John M. Dowd (born 1941), American lawyer
Marion Dowd, archaeologist
Matthew Dowd (born 1961), American campaign advisor and media commentator

Maureen Dowd (born 1952), American journalist and Pulitzer Prize-winner
M'el Dowd (1933–2012), American actress
Michael Dowd (born 1958), American evolutionary evangelist and author
Michael Delaney Dowd (1920-2006), American talk show host, known as Mike Douglas
Michael M. Dowd (born 1963), American Broadcaster and Author of the book,"The Name on the Envelope"
Nancy Dowd (born 1945), American screenwriter, sister of actor Ned
Ned Dowd (born 1950), American actor and film producer, brother of Nancy
Nic Dowd (born 1990), American ice hockey player
Peter Dowd, English Labour Party politician
Phil Dowd (born 1963), English football referee
Robert Dowd (artist) (1936–1996), American painter and sculptor
Siobhan Dowd (1960–2007), British writer and activist
Thomas Dowd (bishop) (1960–2007), Canadian Roman Catholic bishop
Tom Dowd (1925–2002), American recording engineer and producer
Tommy Dowd (baseball) (1869–1933), American baseball player
Tommy Dowd (Gaelic footballer) (born 1969), Irish football player
Wayne Dowd (1941–2016), American lawyer and politician
William Dowd (1922–2008), American harpsichord maker

Other

The Dowd Report, a document describing the transgressions of baseball player Pete Rose in betting on baseball
Irvin v. Dowd (1959), a United States Supreme Court case
The Dowd–Beckwith ring-expansion reaction, an organic chemical reaction

References

O'Donovan, John, ed. (1844). The Genealogies, Tribes and Customs of Hy Fiachrach. Dublin: Irish Archaeological Society.
O'Reilly, Gertrude (1971). Stories of O'Dowda's Country. Enniscrone: G. MacHale. ISBN 978-0-95030-120-4.

External links

Ó Dubhda Clan Website (Now states that the website is for sale.)

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