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Wets and dries are British political terms that refer to opposing factions within the Conservative Party. The terms originated in the 1980s during the premiership of Margaret Thatcher: those who opposed some of Thatcher's more hard-line policies were often referred to by their opponents as "wets"; in response, supporters of Thatcher were referred to as "dries".
Etymology
In British slang, "wet" meant weak, "inept, ineffectual, effete". Within the political context, the term was used by Thatcher's supporters as both as a noun and as an adjective to characterise people or policies which Thatcher would have considered weak or "wet". Thatcher coined the usage in 1979–80, with the meaning of feeble, lacking hardness, or willing to compromise with the unions. The label was especially applied to senior members of Thatcher's government who were nevertheless outside her inner circle and who expressed opposition to her strict monetarist policies, and her cuts to public spending.
History
Hugo Young identifies the most important "inner" wets as Jim Prior, Peter Walker, and Sir Ian Gilmour, as well as Lord Carrington and Norman St John-Stevas. The "outer" wets were more fragmented and less visible. They included Francis Pym, Michael Heseltine and Lord Hailsham.
Gilmour was the most outspoken, delivering a lecture at Cambridge in February 1980 where he argued: "In the Conservative view, economic liberalism à la Professor Hayek, because of its starkness and its failure to create a sense of community, is not a safeguard of political freedom but a threat to it."
In the 1980s, Nick's Diner was started. Named in honour of Nicholas Scott, at the time a rising star of the anti-Thatcher wing of the Party, it served as a convivial meeting ground for wet MPs.
In retaliation to being labelled as "wet", Thatcher's opponents within the party began referring to her supporters as the "dries". Policies which came to be labelled as "dry" included foremostly reducing public spending, cutting taxes, raising interest rates, tightly controlling the money supply, and reducing the regulatory power of the state – all policies which were closely associated with Thatcher.
Outside of the Parliamentary Conservative Party, the youth sections of the Party saw increasingly bitter factional battles between "wets" and "dries". The Young Conservatives wing of the party remained in the hands of a strong "wet" and One Nation (Tory Reform Group) faction until 1989, whilst the Federation of Conservative Students remained in the hands of an alliance of libertarian and Monday Club supporters.
Australia
A similar factional identification exists in the Liberal Party of Australia, which is also a centre-right party like the Tories. The Australian Liberal Party also has a similar split, but in terms of social policy between right-wing social conservatives and socially progressive Liberals.
Notable parliamentary members
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Wets
- Anthony Barber
- Lord Carrington
- Kenneth Clarke
- Stephen Dorrell
- Sir Ian Gilmour
- Alan Haselhurst
- Edward Heath
- Michael Heseltine
- David Hunt
- Douglas Hurd
- David Knox
- Sir Anthony Meyer
- Jim Prior
- Francis Pym
- Nicholas Scott
- Fred Silvester
- Norman St John-Stevas
- Peter Walker
- Sir George Young
Dries
- John Biffen
- Leon Brittan
- Michael Brown
- Rhodes Boyson
- Michael Forsyth
- Ian Gow
- Neil Hamilton
- Michael Howard
- Gerald Howarth
- Geoffrey Howe
- Keith Joseph
- Nigel Lawson
- Peter Lilley
- John Nott
- Cecil Parkinson
- Michael Portillo
- John Redwood
- Nicholas Ridley
- Norman Tebbit
- Margaret Thatcher
See also
- Fundamentalists and gradualists
- List of ministers under Margaret Thatcher
- One-nation conservatism
- Red Tory
- Young Conservatives
References
- "Oxford English Dictionary". Oxford English Dictionary.
- Safire 2008, p. 802.
- Young 1989, pp. 198–202.
- Young 1989, pp. 199–200.
- Young 1989, p. 200.
- Barberis, Peter; McHugh, John; Tyldesley, Mike (January 2000). Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the 20th Century. A&C Black. ISBN 9780826458148.
- "Sir Nicholas Scott". Independent.co.uk. 2005-01-10.
- "Obituary: Lord Biffen". BBC News. 2007-08-14. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
- "Turnbull prays for broad Liberal church". The West Australian. July 12, 2017.
- "A Marxist analysis of the Liberal Party". Red Flag.
- "Former minister Lord Gilmour dies". BBC News. 2007-09-21. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
- "Former foreign secretary Pym dies". BBC News. 2008-03-07. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
- "Obituary: Sir Nicholas Scott". BBC News. 2005-01-07. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
- "George Young". BBC News. 2002-10-17. Retrieved 2012-03-20.
- ^ Hennessy, Peter (2001-10-05). The Prime Minister: The Office and Its Holders Since 1945. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 409.
Sources
- Safire, William (2008), Safire's Political Dictionary, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780195343342
- Young, Hugo (1989), One of Us: A Biography of Mrs. Thatcher, Pan, ISBN 9780330328418
