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Dryoscopus
Displaying D. gambensis male
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Malaconotidae
Genus:	Dryoscopus F. Boie, 1826
Type species
Lanius cubla Latham, 1801

Dryoscopus is a genus of bird in the Malaconotidae or bushshrike family. Its members are known as puffbacks. The six species, all of fairly uniform appearance and habits, are native to various parts of sub-Saharan Africa. The name Dryoscopus is a compound Greek word: drus from the Greek word for "tree" and skopos, meaning "watcher or lookout".

Structure and habits

Puffbacks are small, active bushshrikes that show a superficial resemblance to boubous. They however display only rudimentary duetting, have red or reddish irides, are smaller and compact with bouncy flight, and display sexual dimorphism. Characteristically, the long, loose and pale feathers of the male bird's back and rump are puffed out conspicuously during display. At the same time he may fly about, calling loudly. Comparable habits are found in some related genera (cf. Bocagia, Bias, Lanioturdus, Batis and Dyaphorophyia).

They move about in pairs in the upper strata of trees (Pringle's excepting) and may join mixed-species flocks. They command a varied repertoire of explosive and fricative whistles, percussive clicking sounds, and harsh rasping, churring or tearing sounds. Three species have a rasping alarm call (cubla, senegalensis and pringlii), while the remaining three (gambensis, angolensis and sabini) have a stuttering alarm call. Wing fripping and bill snapping complement vocal communication. The nest is a neat compact cup in the general fashion of bushshrikes, but similar to those of shrike-flycatchers. Courtship feeding is present, and studied species are monogamous and single-brooded.

Relationships

DNA-DNA hybridization studies suggest that genus Tchagra is their closest relative, though biological traits also link them to Laniarius, shrike-flycatchers (i.e. Bias and Megabyas) and other genera.

Species

The genus contains the following six species:

Image	Common Name	Scientific name	Habitat	Distribution
	Pink-footed puffback	Dryoscopus angolensis	isolated montane and submontane forests	Kenya, Uganda and the eastern Congo Basin
	Black-backed puffback	Dryoscopus cubla	tropical to austral woodlands and afromontane forest	sub-Saharan Africa, from southern Somalia to coastal South Africa.
	Northern puffback	Dryoscopus gambensis	equatorial to sub-Saharan wooded savannah	northern sub-Saharan Africa
	Pringle's puffback	Dryoscopus pringlii	dry, equatorial acacia scrub and thicket	Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, and northern Tanzania
	Sabine's puffback	Dryoscopus sabini	tropical forest	Congo basin and West African coast
	Red-eyed puffback	Dryoscopus senegalensis	mid-canopy at tropical forest edge and clearings	Nigeria and Central Africa.

Gallery

• Head of male, D. cubla, showing red iris
• Displaying male, D. cubla, with raised back and rump feathers
• Tit-like foraging habit of male D. cubla
• Nest of D. cubla wedged in branches of a sapling

References

1. "Malacontidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-16.
2. Monroe, Jr., Burt L.; Sibley, Charles G. (1997). A World Checklist of Birds. New Haven, CT, USA: Yale University Press. pp. 213–4. ISBN 978-0-300-07083-5.
3. Jobling, James A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Names. London, UK: Christopher Helm. p. 141. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
4. ^ Sinclair, Ian; Ryan, Peter (2010). Birds of Africa south of the Sahara (2nd ed.). Cape Town: Struik Nature. pp. 580–581. ISBN 9781770076235.
5. ^ Terry Stevenson; John Fanshawe (2004). Birds of East Africa: Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi. Helm Field Guides. p. 472. ISBN 0713673478.
6. ^ Harris, Tony; Franklin, Kim (2000). Shrikes & bush-shrikes: including wood-shrikes, helmet-shrikes, flycatcher-shrikes, philentomas, batises and wattle-eyes. London: C. Helm. pp. 35–46. ISBN 9780713638615.
7. "ITIS Report: Dryoscopus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 20 October 2014.

v t e Genera of corvides and their extinct allies
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Order: Passeriformes Suborder: Passeri Infraorder: Corvides
Corvides Campephagidae Campephaga Campochaera Ceblepyris Celebesica Coracina Cyanograucalus Edolisoma Lalage Lobotos Malindangia Pericrocotus Cinclosomatidae Cinclosoma Ptilorrhoa Eulacestomatidae Eulacestoma Falcunculidae Falcunculus Mohouidae Mohoua Neosittidae Daphoenositta Oreoicidae Aleadryas Oreoica Ornorectes Oriolidae †Longmornis Oriolus Pitohui Sphecotheres †Turnagra Pachycephalidae Colluricincla Coracornis Melanorectes Pachycephala Pseudorectes Paramythiidae Oreocharis Paramythia Psophodidae Androphobus Psophodes Malaconotoidea See below ↓ Corvoidea See below ↓
Malaconotoidea Aegithinidae Aegithina Artamidae Artaminae Artamus Craticinae Cracticus Gymnorhina †Kurrartapu Melloria Strepera Peltopsinae Peltops Machaerirhynchidae Machaerirhynchus Malaconotidae Chlorophoneus Dryoscopus Laniarius Malaconotus Nilaus Rhodophoneus Tchagra Telophorus Pityriasidae Pityriasis Platysteiridae Batis Lanioturdus Platysteira Rhagologidae Rhagologus Vangidae Artamella Bias Calicalicus Cyanolanius Euryceros Falculea Hemipus Hypositta Leptopterus Megabyas Mystacornis Newtonia Oriolia Philentoma Prionops Pseudobias Schetba Tephrodornis Tylas Vanga Xenopirostris
Corvoidea Corcoracidae Corcorax Struthidea Corvidae Aphelocoma Calocitta Cissa Corvus Crypsirina Cyanocitta Cyanocorax Cyanolyca Cyanopica Dendrocitta Garrulus Gymnorhinus †Henocitta †Miocitta †Miocorvus †Miopica Nucifraga Perisoreus Pica Platysmurus Podoces †Protocitta Psilorhinus Ptilostomus Pyrrhocorax Temnurus Urocissa Zavattariornis Dicruridae Dicrurus Ifritidae Ifrita Laniidae Eurocephalus Lanius Melampittidae Megalampitta Melampitta Monarchidae Monarchinae Arses Carterornis Chasiempis Clytorhynchus Grallina Mayrornis Metabolus Monarcha Myiagra Neolalage Pomarea Symposiachrus Terpsiphoninae Hypothymis Terpsiphone Trochocercus Paradisaeidae Astrapia Cicinnurus Diphyllodes Drepanornis Epimachus Lophorina Lycocorax Manucodia Paradigalla Paradisaea Paradisornis Parotia Phonygammus Pteridophora Ptiloris Seleucidis Semioptera Platylophidae Platylophus Rhipiduridae Lamproliinae Chaetorhynchus Eutrichomyias Lamprolia Rhipidurinae Rhipidura Vireonidae Cyclarhis Erpornis Hylophilus Pachysylvia Pteruthius Tunchiornis Vireo Vireolanius

• Dryoscopus
• Bird genera