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Separate Operational Purpose Division
Otdel'naya diviziya operativnogo naznacheniya ODON
Active	June 17, 1924 – present
Country	Russia
Branch	Internal Troops (until 2016) National Guard Forces Command (since 2016)
Type	Motorized infantry
Role	Protection of public order
Size	~18,000
Part of	Ministry of Internal Affairs (until 2016) National Guard of Russia (since 2016)
Garrison/HQ	Reutov Balashikha
Nickname(s)	Dzerzhinsky Division
Motto(s)	"At any time, any place - any task!"
March	"My Division"
Anniversaries	June 17
Engagements	Winter War World War II Tbilisi tragedy August Coup Russian constitutional crisis of 1993 First Chechen War Second Chechen War Peace enforcement: Sumgait pogrom Baku pogrom Nagorno-Karabakh conflict Osh riots First South Ossetian War War in Abkhazia Wagner Group rebellion
Decorations	Order of Zhukov  Order of Lenin Order of the October Revolution  Order of the Red Banner
Commanders
Current commander	Major General Nikolai Kuznetsov

The Separate Operational Purpose Division or ODON, formerly called OMSDON (a.k.a. Dzerzhinsky Division), is a rapid deployment internal security division of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR and then the Russian Federation, currently part of the National Guard Forces Command of the Russian Federation. ODON (Russian: ОДОН) is an initialism for Отдельная дивизия оперативного назначения (Otdel'naya diviziya operativnogo naznacheniya, English: Separate Operational Purpose Division).

USSR

The precursor to the ODON was the 1st Automobile Fighting Detachment of the VTsIK (Russian: 1-й автобоевой отряд) which was created in February 1918. The detachment was tasked with guarding the members of the VTsIK and the Sovnarkom and providing them with passenger cars. After the relocation of the government to Moscow in March 1918, it was assigned to guarding the Kremlin, along with the Red Latvian Riflemen and later the "Kremlin cadets" (Russian: Кремлёвские курсанты). The detachment was renamed 1st Armored Car Detachment 'Ya. M. Sverdlov' in 1919, and was transferred to VChK in 1921. At the peak of its strength, the detachment had over 400 troops.

In April 1921, VChK created the OSNAZ battalion which consisted of 1st Armored Car Detachment, three rifle platoons, a cavalry squadron, and various auxiliary units, with a total strength of some 1,100 men. VChK became OGPU in 1922, and the OSNAZ was renamed accordingly.

On 17 June 1924, the OSNAZ battalion, an OGPU rifle battalion and an OGPU rifle regiments formed the Special-Purpose Division (DON) of the OGPU Troops. The DON included 4 rifle regiments with an Armored Car detachment. In August 1926, the division was renamed Special-Purpose Division 'F. E. Dzerzhinsky' of the OGPU Troops. Throughout 1926, one more regiment and five more battalions joined the DON, raising its total strength to some 4,500 troops.

In 1929, the DON was reorganized as a full army division. In 1931, the Armoured Car detachment was reorganized into an armoured regiment. In 1934, OGPU was transferred to the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (the NKVD). The division fought on the front lines of the Winter War against Finland.

With the onset of World War II, parts of the division participated in the Battle of Moscow; the remaining unit guarded particularly important installations of the capital, patrolled the streets, and were involved in efforts to liquidate enemy infiltrator groups near the front and in the city.

Along with participation in hostilities, division elements in Moscow detained 485 enemy intelligence agents, 69,753 deserters, and over 320,000 offenders of the established regime.

The division took part in the 1941 October Revolution Parade on Moscow's Red Square.

In the battle against German troops, the snipers of the 4 Cavalry Regiment (later four motorized infantry) distinguished themselves. On the first deployment of the two sniper Regiments in 1942, they killed 853 German soldiers and officers. In total, in 1942 sniper division has killed 6,440 German soldiers and officers.

The OMSDON units protected the Allied leaders during the Yalta conference.

In preparation for the 1980 Moscow Olympics, an elite group of OMSDON troops was trained with special forces tactics; the core of this group later became the Vytyaz unit. The final USSR designation of the division was OMSDON (Independent Special-Purpose Motorized Rifle Division of the Internal Troops of the MVD of the Soviet Union 'F. E. Dzerzhinsky', Russian: ОМСДОН, Отдельная мотострелковая дивизия особого назначения ВВ МВД им. Ф. Е. Дзержинского).

Russian Federation

In 1994, the OMSDON was renamed as the Independent Operational Purpose Division or ODON. The unit has been once again named after F. E. Dzerzhinsky on October 22, 2014, returning therefore to the full title of the Independent Medals of Zhukov, Lenin and October Revolution Red Banner Operational Purpose Division of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 'F. E. Dzerzhinsky' (Russian: Отдельная орденов Жукова, Ленина и Октябрьской Революции Краснознамённая дивизия оперативного назначения Внутренних войск МВД России им. Ф. Е. Дзержинского). As always, they form the first line of security during important events held in Russia, and represent the Internal Troops during the yearly Moscow Victory Parade and the Moscow November 7 Anniversary Parade (the latter because they attended that very October 1941 Revolution Day parade which was the only parade held in the midst of the Great Patriotic War).

With the formation of the National Guard of Russia, the ODON was officially, in April 2016, retitled as the Independent Orders of Zhukov, Lenin and October Revolution Red Banner Operational Purpose Division of the National Guard Forces Command of the Russian Federation 'F. E. Dzerzhinsky' (Russian: Отдельная орденов Жукова, Ленина и Октябрьской Революции Краснознамённая дивизия оперативного назначения Войск национальной гвардии Российской Федерации им. Ф. Е. Дзержинского).

The Division marked its Centennial in 2024.

Composition

The division includes the following military units (as of 1 January 2013):

• Headquarters
• 604th Special Purpose Center, Military Unit 3179 formed in 2008 combining (Vityaz and Rus)
• 2nd Operational Duties Regiment, w / h 3186
  • Honor Guard Company

• 4th Operational Duties Regiment, w / h 3419
• 5th Operational Duties Regiment, w / h 3500
• 16th Training Center, w / h 3421
• 319th Battalion for the protection and security training centers (Novaya and Noginsk, Moscow Oblast), in / hr 3058
• 344th Command Battalion, a / h 6771 (ORRiKS in / hr 3486)
• Communications Battalion, a / h 3128
• Repair and Refurbishment Battalion, w / h 3187
• Selected Medical Battalion, w / h 3532
• 4th Separate Company for radiation, chemical and biological protection, w / h 3401
• Garrison quarters and operations area, a / h 3492
• 441st Security Battalion, in / hr 6909 (formed in November–December 2012)
• 752nd Engineering Battalion, w / h 6923
• Band of the Dzerzhinsky Division

Therefore, the entire division employs more than ten thousand personnel, hundreds of armoured vehicles, and divisional artillery (mortars and anti-aircraft guns).

On the territory of the division are:

• Main Military Clinical Hospital
• Central Communication Center
• Main Center of the Automated Control System
• Center for Engineering and Technical Support
• Garrison Officers' House "Reutovo"

Division commanders

• Sergei Filippov (1921–1923)
• Pavel Kobelev (1923–1928)
• Mikhail Frinovsky (1928–1930)
• Commander Sergey Kondratiev (1930–1936)
• Commander Pavel Toroshchin (1936–1938)
• Lieutenant General Pavel Artemyev (1938–1941)
• Major General Mikhail Marchenkov (1941–1943)
• Major General Andrei Golovko (1943)
• Major General Ivan Piyashev (1943–1953)
• Major General Alexander Epanchin (1953–1956)
• Major General Pavel Korzhenko (1956–1965)
• Major General Andrey Kozlov (1965–1968)
• Major General Yevgeny Pozhidaev (1969–1974)
• Major General Dmitry Nalivalkin (1974–1982)
• Major General Yuri Bogunov (1982–1987)
• Major General Vitaly Bosov (1987–1991)

• Major General Igor Rubtsov (1991–1993)
• Major General Alexander Budnikov (1993–1995)
• Major General Gennady Tikhonov (1995–1998)
• Colonel Vladimir Manyuta (1998–1999)
• Major General Nikolai Turapin (1999–2002)
• Major General Sergey Melikov (2002–2008)
• Major General Pavel Bobkov (2008–2010)
• Major General Igor Poddubny (2010–2013)
• Major General Sergey Zakharov (2013–2016)
• Major General Dmitriy Cherepanov (2016–2021)
• Major General Nikolai Kuznetsov (since 2021)

See also

• Spetsnaz
• SOBR
• OMON

References

1. "95 лет дивизии имени Ф.Э. Дзержинского" (in Russian). 27 January 2022. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 18 November 2024.
2. http://www.vvmvd.ru/news/news_5130.htm
3. Трофимов, Андрей (15 April 2012). "Сергиев Посад наградил роту Почетного караула". altgazeta.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2023.

v t e Divisions of the Soviet Union 1957–1989
Airborne	7 31 44 Training 76 98 103 104 105 106 107
Artillery	2 15 20 Training 26 34 51 55 81 110 149
Aviation	1 6 12 16 22 36 55 95 Mixed 95 Fighter 119 326
Motor Rifle	Guards 1st – 18th 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 20th – 39th 20 21 23 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 42nd – 66th 42 45 47 48 50 51 (I) 51 (II) 53 55 57 59 62 63 64 66 70th – 97th 70 72 77 81 83 86 87 90 92 93 94 97 109th – 144th 109 112 113 114 115 120 122 123 128 144 Training 2 16 34 37 42 53 62 63 66 80 92 100 112 4th – 27th 4 9 12 13 15 18 19 21 22 24 27 32nd – 49th 32 33 35 40 41 43 44 46 47 48 49 52nd – 69th 52 54 56 58 60 61 62 65 67 68 69 71st – 99th 71 73 74 75 78 79 80 82 84 85 88 89 91 92 93 95 96 99 100th – 119th 100 101 102 108 110 111 114 116 117 118 119 121st – 135th 121 124 125 126 127 129 130 131 134 135 145th – 199th 145 146 147 148 149 150 152 155 157 164 180 192 197 198 199 201st – 295th 201 203 207 213 242 245 254 265 266 270 272 295 Training 43 56 61 67 78 121 129 150
Rocket	4 7 8 10 13 14 18 19 23 24 27 28 29 35 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 49 54 62
Tank	1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 21 22 23 24 Training 25 28 29 30 31 32 34 36 37 40 41 42 44 Training 45 Training 47 48 Training 51 60 75 78 79 90 117 Training 193
Other	OMSDON
Guards units marked in bold unless they are in a Guards section.

v t e Active divisions of the Russian Federation
Airborne	7 44 76 98 104 106
Tank	4 47 90
Motor rifle	2 3 6 18 19 20 27 42 47 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 127 144 150
Rocket	7 8 13 14 28 29 35 39 42 54 60 62
Aviation	1 4 8 12 18 21 22 27 34 105 303 326
Air defense	1 2 3 4 5 25 26 31 32 41 44 51 76 93
Unique	Separate Operational Purpose 18 Machine Gun Artillery 9 Missile Defense
Naval	Submarine 7 8 10 11 24 25 31 42 45 30 36 43
Naval aviation	2
Guards units marked in bold.

• Recipients of the Order of the October Revolution
• Military units and formations of the NKVD
• Military units and formations established in 1924
• Reutov
• Ministry of Internal Affairs (Soviet Union)
• Law enforcement in Russia
• Military units and formations of the Soviet Union in the Winter War
• Units and formations of the National Guard of Russia
• Military units and formations of Russia in the Russian invasion of Ukraine
• Gendarmerie divisions
• Divisions of Russia