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County of Moray

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(Redirected from Elgin & Forresshire) "Elginshire" redirects here. For the electoral constituency, see Elginshire (UK Parliament constituency). "County of Elgin" redirects here. For Ontario municipality, see Elgin County. This article is about the County of Moray. For the council area, see Moray.

Historic county in Scotland
Moray
Historic county
Flag of MorayFlag
Coordinates: 57°18′N 3°18′W / 57.3°N 3.3°W / 57.3; -3.3
CountryScotland
County townElgin
Area
 • Total476 sq mi (1,233 km)
 Ranked 17th of 34
Chapman codeMOR
Websitewww.lordlieutenantmoray.co.uk

The County of Moray, (Scottish Gaelic: Moireibh [ˈmɤɾʲəv]) or Morayshire, called Elginshire until 1919, is a historic county in Scotland. The county town was Elgin. The historic county ceased to be used for local government purposes in 1975. Since 1996 most of the historic county's area has been included in the Moray council area. The historic county boundaries are still used for certain functions, being a registration county. There is also a Moray lieutenancy area, covering a slightly smaller area than the historic county. The historic county borders Nairnshire to the west, Inverness-shire to the south, and Banffshire to the east, and has a coast onto the Moray Firth to the north.

History

Further information: Province of Moray

Moray was a province in the Middle Ages, covering a much larger area than the later county. It lay to the north of the Kingdom of Alba (early Scotland), sometimes functioning as a vassal of the Scottish crown, and at other times operating as a separate kingdom. Moray was finally absorbed into the Kingdom of Scotland during the 12th century.

Map showing the medieval province, diocese, and earldom of Moray, which each had different definitions (and were subject to occasional changes).

In order to secure the Scottish crown's authority over the area, it was divided into shires, being areas administered by a sheriff. The old earldom of Moray was broadly split into the three shires of Elginshire, Nairnshire, and the mainland parts of Inverness-shire.

There is some evidence that these shires were established under David I (reigned 1124–1153), but the earliest documented Sheriff of Elgin was in the 13th century. There was also a short-lived shire centred on Forres, which in the early 14th century was grouped with Nairn, before later being united instead with Elgin. The shire of Elgin was therefore sometimes called the shire of 'Elgin and Forres'.

The shire of Elgin, or Elginshire, was seen as the core of the old territory of Moray and so was informally sometimes called Moray or Morayshire. 'Murrayshire' and 'Morrowshire' were sometimes used historically as alternate spellings.

Over time, Scotland's shires became more significant than the old provinces, with more administrative functions being given to the sheriffs. In 1667 Commissioners of Supply were established for each shire, which would serve as the main administrative body for the area until the creation of county councils in 1890. Following the Acts of Union in 1707, the English term 'county' came to be used interchangeably with the older term 'shire'.

There were occasional adjustments to county boundaries. For example, in 1870, an exclave of Inverness-shire (surrounded by Nairnshire, Elginshire and Banffshire), including Cromdale and Grantown-on-Spey, was transferred to Elginshire, while the Elginshire's southern exclave around Abernethy and Duthil went to Inverness-shire.

Elgin Sheriff Court: The county's main courthouse, built 1866.

Elected county councils were established in 1890 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889, taking most of the functions of the commissioners (which were eventually abolished in 1930). The burgh of Elgin was deemed capable of providing its own county-level local government functions, and so it was excluded from the administrative area of the county council, although the county council still chose to base itself there. Elginshire County Council held its first meeting on 22 May 1890 at the Old Courthouse (built 1837) which adjoined Elgin Sheriff Court. The Old Courthouse also served as the meeting place for the commissioners.

The 1889 Act also led to a review of boundaries, with exclaves being transferred to a county they actually bordered, and parish and county boundaries being adjusted to eliminate cases where parishes straddled county boundaries. There were several such changes affecting the boundaries of Elginshire, notably absorbing three detached parts of Nairnshire which were surrounded by Elginshire.

At a meeting on 7 May 1919, Elginshire County Council voted to change the name of the county from the County of Elgin or Elginshire to Moray. The government responded by directing all departments to use Moray, but noted that the legal name would remain Elgin until such time as it could be changed by statute. The statutory change of name from Elgin to Moray eventually took place in 1947 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1947.

Reforms in 1930 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929 saw the burgh of Elgin brought within the administrative area of the county council, and merged the county councils of Moray and neighbouring Nairnshire for most purposes. The two county councils continued to be elected as separate bodies, but operated together as the "Joint County Council of Moray and Nairn", serving the combined area of the two counties.

Moray County Council was initially based at the Old Courthouse adjoining Elgin Sheriff Court on the High Street in Elgin. By the 1930s it was too small and so was demolished and replaced by a new headquarters on the same site, called the 'County Buildings'. Work began on the new building in 1938 but was paused due to the Second World War. The new building was eventually completed in 1952.

In 1975 the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973 reorganised local government in Scotland into a two-tier system of regions and districts. The burgh of Grantown-on-Spey and district of Cromdale which surrounded it (which area had been in Inverness-shire prior to 1870), was included in the Badenoch and Strathspey district of the Highland region. The rest of the pre-1975 county of Moray was included in a new district called Moray in the Grampian region, which also took in significant territory from the western part of Banffshire.

In 1996 the Scottish local government system was reorganised again, this time into single-tier council areas. The Moray district became one of the new council areas. The boundaries of the pre-1975 county of Moray are still used for some limited official purposes connected with land registration, being a registration county. The pre-1975 county of Moray excluding Cromdale and Grantown-on-Spey also serves as a lieutenancy area.

Coat of arms

Granted in 1927 by the Lord Lyon, Moray County Council's coat-of-arms was: Quarterly: 1st and 4th Azure, three mullets argent; 2nd and 3rd Argent, three cushions gules within a tressure flory-counter-flory of the last. The motto was SUB SPE, Latin for "In Hope", a pun on the River Spey, which flows through the county. The coat of arms, described by Thomas Innes of Learney, a future Lord Lyon, in the Elgin Courant of 6 May 1927 as "the most beautiful county arms in Scotland", represented the clan Murray and Randolph, Earl of Moray, the two main landowners.

Geography

Lochindorb in southern Moray

Moray consists of a flattish coastal section, containing the main towns, with a hilly interior, extending into the Grampian Mountains in the far south. Notable features of the coast are Findhorn Bay and the broad arc of Burghead Bay. The coast around Lossiemouth is somewhat rockier, and includes the small islands of Covesea Skerries and Halliman Skerries offshore.

There are several lochs in the county, none of which are particularly large. They include Loch Dallas, Loch Noir, the Lochs of Little Benshalag, Loch of the Cowlatt, Lochanan a' Ghiubhais, Loch an Salich, Loch Trevie, Loch Tutach, Loch Allan, Loch Stuart, Loch Mhic Leòid, Loch Ille Mhòr, Lochan Dubh, Loch nan Stuirteag, Loch an t-Sithein and Lochindorb.

Settlements

Prior to 1975, there were six burghs in the county. Burghs were abolished as part of the 1975 local government reforms. The burghs were:

Other settlements include:

  • Burghead Burghead
  • Dallas Dallas
  • Elgin Elgin
  • Findhorn Findhorn
  • Fochabers Fochabers
  • Forres Forres

Civil parishes

Morayshire (Elginshire) & Nairnshire Civil Parish map. c.1861
Moravia in Blaeu's 1654 Atlas of Scotland

Civil parishes are still used for some statistical purposes, and separate census figures are published for them. As their areas have been largely unchanged since the 19th century this allows for comparison of population figures over an extended period of time. From 1845 to 1930, parishes formed part of the local government system of Scotland, having parochial boards from 1845 to 1894.

In 1861 there were 15 civil parishes entirely in Moray:

  1. Alves
  2. Birnie
  3. Dallas
  4. Drainie
  5. Duffus
  6. Edinkillie (see List of listed buildings in Edinkillie, Moray)
  7. Elgin
  8. Forres
  9. Kinloss
  10. Knockando
  11. Lhanbryde
  12. Rafford
  13. Speymouth
  14. Spynie
  15. Urquhart

In 1861 Morayshire shared various civil parishes with three surrounding counties. Five with Banffshire:

  1. Bellie Fochabers
  2. Boharm
  3. Inveraven
  4. Keith
  5. Rothes

three with Inverness-shire:

  1. Abernethy
  2. Cromdale
  3. Duthill

and one with Nairnshire:

  1. Dyke

Flag

Main article: Flag of Moray

In 2023, the Lord Lieutenant of Moray organised a competition to design a flag for the lieutenancy area. The winning design is green, gold and blue, representing the area's agriculture and links to the sea.

See also

References

  1. Turnock, David (2005). The Historical Geography of Scotland since 1707. Cambridge University Press. p. 19. ISBN 9780521892292. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  2. Rampini, Charles (1897). A History of Moray and Nairn. Edinburgh.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. Shaw, Lachlan (1882). The History of the Province of Moray: Volume 1. London / Glasgow: Hamilton, Adams and Co. / Thomas D. Morison. p. 47. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  4. ^ Chalmers, George (1894). Caledonia: Volume 7. Paisley: Alexander Gardner. pp. 257–262. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  5. Publications of the Scottish History Society. 1928. p. 361. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  6. ^ "Local Government (Scotland) Act 1947, Section 127". legislation.gov.uk. The National Archives. Retrieved 4 August 2024.
  7. "Morayshire County". Scotland's Places. Historic Environment Scotland, the National Records of Scotland and the National Library of Scotland. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  8. McWillie, Robert (1999). The McWillie Diaries: The Diary of a Scottish Tenant Farm (1826 to 1876) (PDF). Keith and District Heritage Group. pp. 252, 219. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  9. Stewart, Douglas G. J. (2016). Allowances to Wives and Family of Militiamen Elgin 1810–1812 (PDF). Moray and Nairn Family History Society. p. 15. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  10. Brown, Keith. "Act of the convention of estates of the kingdom of Scotland etc. for a new and voluntary offer to his majesty of £72,000 monthly for the space of twelve months, 23 January 1667". Records of the Parliament of Scotland. University of St Andrews. Retrieved 25 February 2023.
  11. The Inverness and Elgin County Boundaries Act 1870 (33 & 34 Vict c. 16). 1870. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  12. Historic Environment Scotland. "Elgin Sheriff Court including boundary wall and railings, High Street and Glover Street, Elgin (LB30778)". Retrieved 18 July 2021.
  13. Guide to local government in parishes, counties and burghs. Edinburgh: Royal College of Physicians. 1892. pp. xxiii–xxx. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
  14. "Preparing for the elections in Scotland". The County Council Magazine. London: F. Warne and Company. 1890. p. 284. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  15. "Elginshire County Council: Getting into harness". Moray and Nairn Express. 24 May 1890. p. 5. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  16. Shennan, Hay (1892). Boundaries of counties and parishes in Scotland as settled by the Boundary Commissioners under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1889. Edinburgh: W. Green. p. 155. Retrieved 20 August 2024.
  17. "Morayshire County Council: Official name of the county". Aberdeen Daily Journal. 8 May 1919. p. 8. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  18. "County of Elgin or Moray? Mr Munro and the proposed change of name". Aberdeen Daily Journal. 5 November 1919. p. 4. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
  19. "1.3 History of Counties". Scottish Counties and Parishes: their history and boundaries on maps. National Library of Scotland. Retrieved 25 June 2021.
  20. "Local Government (Scotland) Act 1929: Section 10", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, 1929 c. 25 (s. 10), retrieved 1 August 2024
  21. "No. 19664". The Edinburgh Gazette. 9 May 1975. p. 652.
  22. "Elgin". Aberdeen Press and Journal. 29 March 1938. p. 6. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  23. "Mr Stuart opens new County Buildings: Elgin ceremony". The Scotsman. 19 April 1952. p. 5. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  24. "Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, 1973 c. 65, retrieved 17 April 2023
  25. "Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, 1994 c. 39, retrieved 17 April 2023
  26. "Land Mass Coverage Report" (PDF). Registers of Scotland. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2015.
  27. "The Lord-Lieutenants (Scotland) Order 1996", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, SI 1996/731, retrieved 3 August 2024
  28. Urquhart, R.M. Scottish Burgh and County Heraldry (1973 ed.). Heraldry Today. pp. 77–78. consulted 20 December 2013.
  29. "Quarter-inch Administrative Areas Maps: Scotland, Sheet 5, 1969". National Library of Scotland. Ordnance Survey. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  30. "Elginshire: Old and New Statistical Accounts". Old Roads of Scotland. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021.
  31. Wilson, John Marius (1854–1857). The Imperial gazetteer of Scotland; or, Dictionary of Scottish topography. Edinburgh: A. Fullarton. p. 460 – via Archive.org.
  32. "Map of the Parish of Drainie in the Historical County of Moray". Gazetteer for Scotland.
  33. "Map of the Parish of Inveravon in the Historical County of Banff". Gazetteer for Scotland.
  34. "Moray's new flag is launched". Lieutenancy of Moray. 3 November 2023. Retrieved 24 August 2024.

Further reading

  • Lachlan Shaw and James Frederick Skinner Gordon (1882) The History of the Province of Moray: Comprising the Counties of Elgin and Nairn, the Greater Part of the County of Inverness and a Portion of the County of Banff, Published by Hamilton, Adams & co.,
  • Hogan, C. Michael (2008). "The Modern Antiquarian". Longman Hill.
  • R.M. Urquhart (1973) Scottish Burgh and County Heraldry, published by Heraldry Today.
Former local government counties of Scotland
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