Misplaced Pages

Elizabeth Hardy (chemist)

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.
This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources.
Find sources: "Elizabeth Hardy" chemist – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Elizabeth MacGregor Hardy
Born(1915-07-31)July 31, 1915
DiedJune 26, 2008(2008-06-26) (aged 92)
Alma materBryn Mawr College
Scientific career
FieldsOrganic Chemistry
Thesis Molecular Rearrangements in Three Carbon Systems  (1942)

Elizabeth MacGregor Hardy (July 31, 1915 – June 26, 2008) was a Canadian-American chemist who discovered the Cope rearrangement while working in Arthur C. Cope's research group at Bryn Mawr College. The rearrangement drew upon the electronic models of Edward D. Hughes and Christopher Kelk Ingold, but also the non-electronic work of Rainer Ludwig Claisen and Ernst Tietze.

Early life and education

Elizabeth MacGregor Hardy was born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada to parents Thomas Woodburne Hardy and Margaret Ada (Graham) Hardy. Hardy attended McGill University and graduated with a Bachelor in Science in 1938. In 1939, Hardy obtained a Master of Arts degree from Bryn Mawr College. She went on to earn a Ph.D. in organic chemistry in 1942 at Bryn Mawr College, working in the labs of Arthur C. Cope. Hardy and Evelyn Hancock, another graduate student, coauthored nearly half of Cope's papers from Bryn Mawr.

Hardy went on to work for American Cyanamid.

Career and research

Hardy worked as assistant professor of organic chemistry at Bryn Mawr College in 1939 and 1940. In the years 1942–1958, Hardy worked as a chemist at Calco Chemical Division, subsequently she worked as a literature chemist at Lederle Labs from 1958 to 1975. After working for Lederle, Hardy worked as a senior resident literature chemist for American Cyanamid Company from 1975 on. She was a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Chemical Society and Chemical Institute of Canada. Hardy worked in a number of different research areas including molecular rearrangements, preparation of unsaturated esters and ketones, vat dyestuffs, esterification of leuco vat dyes, organosulfur compounds, and pharmaceutical chemistry.

Publications and patents

This section may require cleanup to meet Misplaced Pages's quality standards. The specific problem is: bibliographic/reference formatting. Please help improve this section if you can. (February 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Hardy has a considerable number of publications and patents under her name and in collaboration with other scientists.

References

  1. Ancestry.com.U.S., Social Security Death Index, 1935-2014. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2014
  2. Olson, Julie A.; Shea, Kevin M. (17 May 2011). "Critical Perspective: Named Reactions Discovered and Developed by Women". Accounts of Chemical Research. 44 (5): 311–321. doi:10.1021/ar100114m. PMID 21417324.
  3. Acton, Q. Ashton (May 1, 2013). Issues in Chemistry and General Chemical Research (2013 ed.). Atlanta, Georgia: ScholarlyEditions. p. 354. ISBN 9781490106311.
  4. Cope, Arthur C.; Hardy, Elizabeth M. (February 1940). "The Introduction of Substituted Vinyl Groups. V. A Rearrangement Involving the Migration of an Allyl Group in a Three-Carbon System". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 62 (2): 441–444. doi:10.1021/ja01859a055.
  5. Gelfert, Axel (2016). How to do science with models : a philosophical primer. Springer International Publishing. pp. 91–95. ISBN 9783319279527.
  6. ^ American Men & Women of Science. New York and Longon: R.R. Bowker Company. 1982. p. 488.
  7. ^ Wilson, Anne M. (2009). "Harry S. Mosher and Arthur C. Cope, Early Organic Chemists Who Mentored Women" (PDF). Bulletin for the History of Chemistry. 34 (1): 21–29. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  8. Roberts, John D.; Sheehan, John C. (1991). "Arthur Clay Cope" (PDF). Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences. 60: 17–27. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-07. Retrieved 2019-10-31.
  9. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 2, 441-444 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01859a055
  10. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 12, 3319-3323 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01869a013
  11. . Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 7, 1852-1857 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01852a014
  12. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 10, 1747-1752 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01238a039
  13. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 7, 3094-3099 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01151a036
  14. J. Org. Chem. 1955, 20, 4, 475-487 https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01122a010
  15. Application January 17, 1944, Serial No. 518,585. "United States Patent Office".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  16. Application May 21, 1956 Serial No. 585,972. "United States Patent Office".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  17. Application May 17, 1957. Serial No.659,764 (17 May 1957). "United States Patent Office".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  18. Filed: April 22, 1959, Ser. No. 807980. "United States Patent Office".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  19. Application May 14, 1953, Serial No. 355,178. "United States Patent Office".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  20. Application April 7, 1954, Serial No. 421,700. "United States Patent Office".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  21. Application January 18, 1946, Serial No. 642,102. "United States Patent Office".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  22. Application January 17, 1951, Serial No. 206,516. "United States Patent Office".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Categories: