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Elizabeth Johnson (advocate)

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American advocate of Kansas history For the American theologian, see Elizabeth Johnson (theologian). For the American bowler, see Liz Johnson (bowler).

Elizabeth A. Johnson was a prominent advocate of Kansas history. She discovered, purchased, and donated the land that makes up the Pawnee Indian Museum State Historic Site to the state of Kansas in 1899. At the time, it was considered to be the first place the United States flag was raised on the state of Kansas.

Low circular building atop hill; small obelisk nearby
Museum and monument at village site preserved by Johnson. When erected in 1901, the monument was 26 feet (7.9 m) tall; weather damage had reduced it to about 15 feet (4.6 m) by 2004. In that year, it was largely destroyed by a tornado, but in 2006 was restored to a height of about 15 feet, using original pieces.

In the 1870s, Johnson became interested in Zebulon Pike and the possibility that the events surrounding the raising of the U.S. flag occurred nearby. She discovered what was believed to be the site in 1875 and, after studying Pike's journals and investigating another reported Pawnee site in southern Nebraska, concluded that this was the village that Pike had visited. To protect the site from being plowed, she and her husband bought the land. In 1901, the Johnsons donated the site to the state of Kansas for historic preservation.

Johnson's claim was supported by Elliott Coues, who had edited Pike's journal; with his endorsement, it was accepted by the Kansas State Historical Society. In 1901, Johnson donated the land to the state of Kansas, which built a 26-foot (7.9 m) granite monument commemorating Pike's symbolic triumph over Spain. At the dedication of the monument, several of the speakers drew parallels between the Pike episode and the recent American victory in the Spanish–American War. In 1906, a four-day festival was held to celebrate the centennial of the flag incident.

Subsequent research showed that Pike's expedition had not visited this village, but the Kitkehahki village now known as the Pike-Pawnee Village Site, located on the Republican River in Webster County in south-central Nebraska. The error was a fortunate one, however: it led to the preservation of the site in Kansas, whereas the Nebraska site had been degraded by years of cultivation.

References

  1. Savage, I. O. (1901). Carolyn Ward (ed.). A History of Republic County, Kansas: Embracing a Full and Complete Account of All the Leading Events in Its History, from Its First Settlement down to June 1, '01. Beloit, Kansas: Jones & Chubbic. p. 20. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved March 25, 2012.
  2. "Pawnee Museum will restore, rededicate Pike monument". The Courtland Journal. 2006-08-24. Retrieved via Google Newspapers 2013-11-03.
  3. ^ Platoff, Anne M. "The Pike-Pawnee Flag Incident: Reexamining a Vexillogical Legend". Archived July 14, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Raven: A Journal of Vexillology v. 6 (1999) p. 1–8. Retrieved 2010-12-14.
  4. ^ Laugesen, Amanda. "Making a Unique Heritage: Celebrating Pike's Pawnee Village and the Santa Fe Trail, 1900-1918." Kansas History, Autumn 2000. Kansas Historical Society. Retrieved 2010-10-26.
  5. ^ Asher, Brendon Patrick (2009). "Kitkehahki Chipped Stone Technologies: A Comparative Study". M.A. thesis, University of Kansas, Anthropology. Downloadable PDF available via link from abstract. Retrieved 2010-11-24.
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