| Engelsina Markizova | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | Engelsina Sergeyevna Markizova (1928-11-16)November 16, 1928 Ulan-Ude, Buryat ASSR, Soviet Union |
| Died | May 11, 2004(2004-05-11) (aged 75) Antalya, Turkey |
| Nationality | Russian |
| Other names | "Gelya" |
| Citizenship | Soviet |
| Alma mater | MSU Faculty of History |
| Occupation | Orientalist |
| Children | 3 |
Engelsina "Gelya" Sergeyevna Markizova (Russian: Энгельси́на Серге́евна Маркизова, later Cheshkova, Russian: Чешкова; 16 November 1928 – 11 May 2004) was a Buryat historian who achieved fame as a child after being depicted in a photo embracing the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin, an image which became one of the most enduring propaganda symbols of the Stalinist era, when it was widespread in schools, pioneer's camps and children's institutions.
Biography
Daughter of the People's Commissar for Agriculture of the Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Province Ardan Markizov [ru], in January 1936 she was pictured in a photo with Joseph Stalin which was later used for propaganda purposes after she found Stalin at a Kremlin state ceremony and presented him with a bouquet of flowers reportedly saying "These flowers are for Comrade Stalin from the children of the Buryat-Mongol Republic". Stalin then picked her up in a hug as cameras all around snapped up the now iconic image On 29 June 1936 the photo was published on the front page of Pravda (English: The Truth), the newspaper of the Communist Party. The image spread after its publication, finding its way into kindergartens, hospitals and schools across the Soviet Union, and it was later turned into a marble sculpture by Georgi Lavrov, a renowned sculptor of the time propelling Markizova to instant fame, and leading her to receive preferential treatment in school and Communist Party meetings.
In 1937 her father, who was a provincial official for the Buryatia region, was taken from their home by secret police agents, standing accused of being a Japanese spy and a Trotskyite. Despite appeals to Stalin from her mother through Engelsina Markizova for his clemency, he was executed in July 1938 on the false charge that he was a Japanese spy, a Trotskyite, a terrorist and subversive plotting against Stalin. Now the daughter of an enemy of the people, Markizova found herself shunned by her classmates whilst her mother was imprisoned for a year and ultimately deported to southern Kazakhstan, dying there at the age of 32 in what has been described as either a "mysterious accident", "a murder that authorities never investigated", or suicide. Now an orphan, Markizova lived with relatives in Moscow. At this point, rather than removing or altering her photos, Soviet propagandists decided that it was easier to deliberately misattribute the identity of the girl depicted in them than remove all the photos, sculptures and mosaics. Therefore, the girl in the picture would be thereon officially identified as Mamlakat Nakhangova, a Tajik girl who had earned the Order of Lenin by working as a cotton picker. The images began to slowly disappear post-1953, with the rise of de-Stalinization.
Later in life, Markizova became an Orientalist scholar, specializing in China and India, married twice and had three children. She learned, like the rest of Russia, the extent of Stalin's bloody rule after his death.
Georgi Lavrov, who immortalised the image in marble, was later imprisoned for 17 years in Stalin's labor camps.
Markizova died of a heart attack in May 2004 while on holiday in Antalya, Turkey. She was 75 years old.
References
- ^ Hockstader, Lee (March 10, 1995). "From A Ruler's Embrace To A Life In Disgrace -". The Washington Post. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- Mikhail Heller; Aleksandr Nekrich (January 1988). Utopia in power: the history of the Soviet Union from 1917 to the present. Summit Books. p. 282. ISBN 978-0-671-64535-9.
- ^ Catriona Kelly (2007). Children's World: Growing Up in Russia, 1890-1991. Yale University Press. p. 106. ISBN 978-0-300-11226-9.
- Miklós Kun (January 2003). Stalin: An Unknown Portrait. Central European University Press. p. 327. ISBN 978-963-9241-19-0.
- Allen, Henry (October 10, 1999). "Uncle Stalin's Very Dark Darkroom". Washington Post. Retrieved June 6, 2021.
- Figes, Orlando (2014). Revolutionary Russia, 1891-1991: A History. Picador. p. 186.