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(Redirected from Enrique Hertzog Garaizabal) President of Bolivia from 1947 to 1949 In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Hertzog and the second or maternal family name is Garaizábal.

Enrique Hertzog

Portrait of Hertzog, c. 1947–1949

42nd President of Bolivia

In office
10 March 1947 – 22 October 1949

Vice President

Mamerto Urriolagoitía

Preceded by

Tomás Monje

Succeeded by

Mamerto Urriolagoitía

Other offices


Minister of Labor, Health, and Social Security
In office 16 September 1943 – 20 December 1943
President	Enrique Peñaranda
Preceded by	Juan Manuel Balcázar [es]
Succeeded by	Víctor Andrade Uzquiano [es]
Minister of War and Colonization
In office 15 December 1932 – 30 November 1933
President	Daniel Salamanca
Preceded by	Joaquín Espada
Succeeded by	José Antonio Quiroga [de]
Minister of Development and Communications
In office 25 October 1932 – 9 January 1933
President	Daniel Salamanca
Preceded by	Agustín Villegas
Succeeded by	José G. Almaraz
Minister of Government and Justice
In office 9 March 1932 – 25 October 1932
President	Daniel Salamanca
Preceded by	Luis Calvo
Succeeded by	Demetrio Canelas

Personal details

Born

José Enrique Hertzog Garaizábal
(1897-11-10)10 November 1897
La Paz, Bolivia

Died

31 July 1981(1981-07-31) (aged 83)
Buenos Aires, Argentina

Political party

Republican Socialist Unity (1946–1979)

Other political
affiliations

Genuine Republican (before 1946)

Spouse

Edna Sánchez

Parent(s)

Enrique Hertzog
Eduviges Garaizábal

Education

Higher University of San Andrés

Occupation

Physician
politician

Signature

José Enrique Hertzog Garaizábal (10 November 1897 – 31 July 1981) was a Bolivian physician and politician who served as the 42nd president of Bolivia from 1947 to 1949.

Biography

Hertzog was born on 10 November 1897. A medical doctor by trade, Hertzog joined the Genuine Republican Party of Daniel Salamanca in the 1920s, and rose to become Minister of Public Information and Communications as well as Minister of War during the 1932–35 Chaco war against Paraguay, which Bolivia lost.

President of Bolivia

In 1947 elections he ran for president on a ticket of united Republican Party (Bolivia) factions (former Saavedrists, Genuines, etc.) calling themselves Republican Socialist Unity Party (Partido de la Unión Republicana Socialista ). He won against the Liberal leader Fernando Guachalla and the reformist candidate Víctor Paz Estenssoro, who led the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (Nationalist Revolutionary Movement).

Hertzog faced innumerable obstacles during his term, mostly in the form of constant rebellion from the lower sectors of society, as represented by striking miners and union workers. He was also saddled with the implacable opposition of Paz's MNR party and its allies, in addition to a declining economy. In essence, the attempt of the privileged sectors (led by Hertzog himself) to "turn back the clock" to the oligarchic pre-Chaco War status quo did not work. Rising expectations and demands from an increasingly activist and indeed, violent, popular class, combined with the unwillingness or inability of the governing elites to give concession that would undermine their power, led the country to the very brink of civil war. On 18 September 1947 he declared the state of siege.

Escalating repressive measures, such as arrest and deportation of many MNR leaders, only bred further discontent. When the legislative elections of 1949 confirmed the dramatic ascendancy of the parties of the Left, the PURS leadership lost trust in the relatively more conciliatory Hertzog's ability to control the situation. They forced his resignation for "reasons of (non-existing) illness" in favor of his far more combative vice-president, Mamerto Urriolagoitía.

Later life

A few months later Hertzog was named Bolivia's Ambassador to Spain. Following the 1952 Bolivian National Revolution that brought Paz Estenssoro's MNR party to power, the ex-President remained exiled in the Spanish capital, later moving to Buenos Aires, where he died.

Hertzog again ran for President of Bolivia in 1966 on behalf of remnants of the pre-Revolution parties which had formed Democratic Institutionalist Alliance against René Barrientos, but only got a small share of the vote.

References

Notes

Spanish pronunciation: [enˈrike (x)eɾtˈsoɣ ɡaɾajˈsaβal].

Citations

Gisbert 2003, pp. 658

Bibliography

Mesa José de; Gisbert, Teresa; and Carlos D. Mesa, Historia de Bolivia, 3rd edition., pp. 579–582.
Gisbert, Carlos D. Mesa (2003). Presidentes de Bolivia: entre urnas y fusiles : el poder ejecutivo, los ministros de estado (in Spanish). Editorial Gisbert. pp. 344–347.

External links

Photographs of Enrique Hertzog in the digital archive of the La Paz Municipal Government [es]. (in Spanish).

Presidents of Bolivia

▌Simón Bolívar (1825)

▌Antonio José de Sucre (1825–1828)

▌José María Pérez de Urdininea (1828)

▌José Miguel de Velasco (1828)

▌Pedro Blanco Soto (1828–1829)

▌José Miguel de Velasco (1829)

▌Andrés de Santa Cruz (1829–1839)

▌José Miguel de Velasco (1839–1841)

▌Sebastián Ágreda (1841)

▌Mariano Enrique Calvo (1841)

▌José Ballivián (1841–1847)

▌Eusebio Guilarte (1847–1848)

▌José Miguel de Velasco (1848)

▌Manuel Isidoro Belzu (1848–1855)

▌Jorge Córdova (1855–1857)

▌José María Linares (1857–1861)

▌José María de Achá (1861–1864)

▌Mariano Melgarejo (1864–1871)

▌Agustín Morales (1871–1872)

▌Tomás Frías (1872–1873)

▌Adolfo Ballivián (1873–1874)

▌Tomás Frías (1874–1876)

▌Hilarión Daza (1876–1879)

▌Narciso Campero (1880–1884)

▌Gregorio Pacheco (1884–1888)

▌Aniceto Arce (1888–1892)

▌Mariano Baptista (1892–1896)

▌Severo Fernández (1896–1899)

▌José Manuel Pando (1899–1904)

▌Ismael Montes (1904–1909)

▌Eliodoro Villazón (1909–1913)

▌Ismael Montes (1913–1917)

▌José Gutiérrez Guerra (1917–1920)

▌Bautista Saavedra (1921–1925)

▌Felipe Segundo Guzmán (1925–1926)

▌Hernando Siles Reyes (1926–1930)

▌Carlos Blanco Galindo (1930–1931)

▌Daniel Salamanca (1931–1934)

▌José Luis Tejada Sorzano (1934–1936)

▌David Toro (1936–1937)

▌Germán Busch (1937–1939)

▌Carlos Quintanilla (1939–1940)

▌Enrique Peñaranda (1940–1943)

▌Gualberto Villarroel (1943–1946)

▌Néstor Guillén (1946)

▌Tomás Monje (1946–1947)

▌Enrique Hertzog (1947–1949)

▌Mamerto Urriolagoitía (1949–1951)

▌Hugo Ballivián (1951–1952)

▌Víctor Paz Estenssoro (1952–1956)

▌Hernán Siles Zuazo (1956–1960)

▌Víctor Paz Estenssoro (1960–1964)

▌René Barrientos (1964–1966)

▌Alfredo Ovando Candía (1966)

▌René Barrientos (1966–1969)

▌Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas (1969)

▌Alfredo Ovando Candía (1969–1970)

▌Juan José Torres (1970–1971)

▌Hugo Banzer (1971–1978)

▌Juan Pereda (1978)

▌David Padilla (1978–1979)

▌Wálter Guevara (1979)

▌Alberto Natusch (1979)

▌Lidia Gueiler Tejada (1979–1980)

▌Luis García Meza (1980–1981)

▌Celso Torrelio (1981–1982)

▌Guido Vildoso (1982)

▌Hernán Siles Zuazo (1982–1985)

▌Víctor Paz Estenssoro (1985–1989)

▌Jaime Paz Zamora (1989–1993)

▌Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada (1993–1997)

▌Hugo Banzer (1997–2001)

▌Jorge Quiroga (2001–2002)

▌Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada (2002–2003)

▌Carlos Mesa (2003–2005)

▌Eduardo Rodríguez Veltzé (2005–2006)

▌Evo Morales (2006–2019)

▌Jeanine Áñez (2019–2020)

▌Luis Arce (2020–present)

Offices and distinctions

Political offices
Preceded byLuis Calvo	Minister of Government and Justice 1932	Succeeded byDemetrio Canelas
Preceded byAgustín Villegas	Minister of Development and Communications 1932–1933	Succeeded byJosé G. Almaraz
Preceded byJoaquín Espada	Minister of War and Colonization 1932–1933	Succeeded byJosé Antonio Quiroga H.
Preceded byJuan Manuel Balcázar	Minister of Work, Health, and Social Security 1943	Succeeded byVíctor Andrade Uzquiano
Preceded byTomás Monje Interim	President of Bolivia 1947–1949	Succeeded byMamerto Urriolagoitía
Party political offices
Preceded byNew political party	Republican Socialist Unity nominee for President of Bolivia 1947, 1966	Succeeded byGabriel Gosálvez
Preceded byGabriel Gosálvez Republican Socialist Unity	Democratic Institutionalist Alliance nominee for President of Bolivia 1966	Succeeded byAlliance dissolved
Preceded byTomás Manuel Elío Liberal		Succeeded byAlliance dissolved

v t e Cabinet of President Enrique Peñaranda (1940–1943)
Minister of Foreign Affairs	Alberto Ostria Gutiérrez (1940–1941) Eduardo Anze Matienzo (1941–1942) Tomás Manuel Elío (1942–1943) Carlos Salinas Aramayo (1943)
Minister of Government	Julio de la Vega (1940) Demetrio Ramos (1940–1941) Zacarías Murillo (1941) Adolfo Vilar Mendivil (1941–1942) Bernardo Navajas Trigo (1942) Pedro Zilveti Arce (1942–1943)
Minister of Defense	Demetrio Ramos (1940) Carlos Blanco Galindo (1940–1941) Jose Miguel Candia (1941–1943)
Minister of Finance	Edmundo Vásquez (1940) Joaquín Espada (1941–1943) Luis Calvo (1943)
Minister of Economy	Víctor Paz Estenssoro (1941) Alberto Crespo Gutiérrez (1941–1943) Germán Chávez (1943)
Minister of Industry	Hugo Ernst Rivera (1940)
Minister of Public Works	Justo Rodas Eguino (1940) Oscar Mariaca Pando (1940–1941) Adolfo Vilar Mendivil (1941) Justo Rodas Eguino (1941–1942) Julio Sanjinés (1942–1943) José Salmón Ballivián (1943)
Minister of Mining	Alfredo Jordán (1940) Edmundo Vásquez (1940–1941)
Minister of Work	Bernardo Navajas Trigo (1940) Abelardo Ibáñez Benavente (1940–1942) Juan Manuel Balcázar (1942–1943) Enrique Hertzog (1943)
Minister of Health	Abelardo Ibáñez Benavente (1940)
Minister of Education	Gustavo Adolfo Otero (1940–1941) Adolfo Vilar Mendivil (1941) Arturo Pinto Escalier (1941–1942) Rubén Terrazas (1942–1943) Francisco Lazcano Soruco (1943)
Minister of Agriculture	Alcides Arguedas (1940) Edmundo Vásquez (1940–1941) Arturo Galindo (1942–1943) Julio Céspedes Añez (1943)

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