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43°33′08″N 5°26′21″E / 43.552222°N 5.4391666°E / 43.552222; 5.4391666

Entremont is a 3.5-hectare (8.6-acre) archaeological site three kilometres from Aix-en-Provence at the extreme south of the Puyricard plateau. In antiquity, the oppidum at Entremont was the capital of the Celtic-Ligurian confederation of Salyes. It was settled between 180 and 170 B.C., somewhat later than the inhabitation of other oppida, such as Saint-Blaise (7th to 2nd centuries B.C.). The site was abandoned when it was taken by the Romans in 123 B.C. and replaced by Aquae Sextiae (modern Aix-en-Provence), a new Roman city founded at the foot of the plateau. By 90 B.C., the former oppidum was completely uninhabited.

The site contains two distinct areas of settlement surrounded by ramparts. Archaeologist Fernand Benoit named the older area, on the summit, "Ville Haute", and the lower "Ville Basse". Subsequently, it was recognised that the latter was an enlargement of the former, and they are now labelled "Habitat 1" and "Habitat 2", respectively.

• Habitat 1 (ville haute)
• Habitat 2 (ville basse)
• Fortification wall of Habitat 2 (ville basse)
• "Portico of the Skulls"

Sculpture

Excavations at Entremont in the 1940s produced a large collection of fragmentary pre-Roman sculpture, most of which is now in the Musée Granet in Aix-en-Provence. The largest group of fragments consists of the heads and torsos of several male figures, usually interpreted as heroized warriors, depicted in a seated position with their legs folded beneath them and one hand resting on the severed head of an enemy. Heads and other pieces of a smaller number of female figures are also preserved, as are fragments of horses. Blocks from the architectural setting in which the figures were displayed are decorated with reliefs of additional severed heads and skull-shaped recesses, as well as horsemen and other figures. The sculptures were all carved from a fine-grained local limestone, and some of the fragments preserve traces of the original paint.

• Seated warrior
• Head of a warrior
• Torso of a warrior
• Head of a woman
• Severed heads
• Severed head
• Architectural block with severed heads and horseman
• Relief of worshipers

See also

• La Tène culture
• Oppidum

References

1. Histoire d'une ville. Aix-en-Provence, Scéren, CRDP de l'académie d'Aix-Marseille, Marseille, 2008, p. 20-25.
2. Patrice Arcelin, « Avant Aquae Sextiae, l'oppidum d'Entremont » in Carte archéologique de la Gaule : Aix-en-Provence, pays d'Aix, val de Durance, 13/4, Fl. Mocci, N. Nin (dir.), Paris, 2006, Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres, ministère de l'Éducation nationale, ministère de la Recherche, ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, maison des Sciences de l'homme, centre Camille-Jullian, ville d'Aix-en-Provence, communauté du pays d'Aix, p. 125.
3. Voyage en Massalie. 100 ans d'archéologie en Gaule du Sud, Musées de Marseille/Édisud, Marseille-Aix-en-Provence, 1990, p. 251.
4. Historiquement, le début de peuplement du plateau d'Entremont correspond à la période d'abandon des oppida de Teste-Nègre (Les Pennes-Mirabeau) et de Notre-Dame-de-Pitié (Marignane).
5. « Histoire d'Aix » Archived 2013-11-04 at the Wayback Machine, site de l'office du tourisme d'Aix-en-Provence.
6. Voyage en Massalie..., op. cit., p. 102.
7. F. Benoit, "The Celtic oppidum of Entremont, Provence", in R. Bruce Mitford, ed., Recent Archaeological Excavations in Europe (London 1975), pp. 227–259, at 250–258.

v t e Gauls
History	Battle of the Allia (ca. 387 BC) Celtic settlement of Southeast Europe Galatian War (189 BC) First Transalpine War (125–121 BC) Gallic Wars (58–50 BC) Roman Gaul (50 BC–476 AD)
Culture	Ambactus Bard Druid Eubages Gallo-Roman culture Nemeton Oppidum Language (Cisalpine, Galatian) La Tène culture Religion Vātes Vergobret
Peoples	Belgica Ambiani Aresaces Atrebates Atuatuci Bellovaci Caeracates Caeroesi Caletes Catuslugi Catalauni Condrusi Eburones Leuci Mediomatrici Meldi Menapii Morini Nemetes Nervii Paemani Remi Silvanectes Suessiones Treveri Triboci Veliocasses Viromandui Celtica Abrincatui Ambiliati Aedui Ambarri Andecavi Arouii Arverni Aulerci (Brannovices, Cenomani, Diablintes, Eburovices) Bodiocasses Bituriges Cubi Bituriges Vivisci Cadurci Carnutes Coriosolites Durocasses Esuvii Gabali Helvetii Latobrigi Lemovices Lexovii Lingones Mandubii Namnetes Nitiobroges Osismii Parisii Petrocorii Pictones Rauraci Redones Ruteni Sagii Santoni Senones Segusiavi Sequani Tigurini Tricasses Tulingi Turoni Vellavii Venelli Veneti Viducasses Narbonensis Agesinates Albici Allobroges Anatilii Atacini Avatici Bormani Budenicenses Camactulici Cavari Cenomani Comani Dexivates Helvii Libicii Ligauni Longostaletes Memini Nearchi Oxybii Reii Salyes Segobrigii Segovellauni Suelteri Tolosates Tricastini Tricores Tricorii Tritolli Vertamocorii Verucini Vocontii Volcae (Arecomici and Tectosages) Vulgientes Alpina Acitavones Adanates Adunicates Alauni Ambidravi Ambilici Ambisontes Aneuniates Ausuciates Avantici Belaci Belouni Benacenses Bergalei Bodiontici Brigantii Brigianii Brixentes Calucones Carni Catenates Catubrini Caturiges Ceutrones Cosuanetes Ecdinii Eguiturii Gallitae Genauni Graioceli Iemerii Ingauni Licates Medulli Nantuates Nemaloni Nemeturii Quariates Rucinates Salassi Savincates Sebaginni Seduni Segovii Segusini Sentii Sogionti Suanetes Suetrii Tebavii Triulatti Ucennii Vediantii Velaunii Venisami Venostes Vennones Veragri Vergunni Vesubiani Vindelici Cisalpina Anamares Anauni Anesiates Arusnates Bagienni Boii Bromanenses Cenomani Gallianates Gennanates Insubres Libicii Marici Montunates Orobii Subinates Taurini Vertamocorii Votodrones Aquitania Boii Cocosates Lactorates Sotiates Tarusates Vasates Eastern Europe Anartes Arabiates Boii Britolagai Cornacates Costoboci Gotini Eravisci Hercuniates Latobici Scordisci (Dindari and Celegeri) Serdi Taurisci Varciani Galatia Aigosages Tectosages Tolistobogii Trocmi
Pre-Roman settlements	Alesia Argentomagus Avaricum Basel-Münsterhügel Bibracte Bibrax Cenabum Cularo Ensérune Entremont Gergovia Magetobria Noreia Tylis Vertillum
Part of: Celts

• Populated places established in the 2nd century BC
• Populated places disestablished in the 2nd century BC
• Oppida
• Archaeological sites in France
• Buildings and structures in Aix-en-Provence
• Celtic art
• Salyes