| Epididymal cyst | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Epidydymal cyst (benign tumor) | |
| Specialty | Urology |
| Symptoms | Scrotal mass and pain. |
| Diagnostic method | Ultrasound. |
Epididymal cyst is a harmless sac in the testicles filled with fluid. The most frequent clinical presentation occurs when a routine physical examination yields an unexpected finding, which is then confirmed by scrotal ultrasonography. Although the exact cause of epididymal cysts is unknown, it is likely a congenital anomaly associated with hormonal imbalances during the embryonic stage of development.
Signs and symptoms
An epididymal cyst, a benign cystic fluid collection in the scrotum, usually manifests as a painless swelling on top of the testicle and can be inadvertently discovered during a physical examination. The most typical clinical findings are scrotal mass and pain.
Causes
The exact cause of an epididymal cyst is unknown, but it is most likely a congenital anomaly associated with hormonal imbalances during embryonic life. Previous research has shown a correlation between the development of epididymal cysts and maternal exposure to endocrine disrupting substances like diethylstilbestrol during male fetal development. It has been determined that the causes of epididymal cysts in children are vasal or epididymal obstruction and environmental endocrine disruptors. There has also been a suggestion that the testicular dysgenesis syndrome may include an epididymal cyst.
Diagnosis
An ultrasound is used to confirm 20–30% of epididymal cysts that are found during a physical examination.
Treatment
An epididymal cyst usually resolves on its own over time and doesn't need to be surgically removed. Nonetheless, patients who experience excruciating scrotal pain or whose cyst size does not appear to be involute are advised to have their epididymal cysts surgically removed.
See also
References
- ^ Homayoon, Kaveh; Suhre, Chris D.; Steinhardt, George F. (2004). "Epididymal Cysts in Children: Natural History". Journal of Urology. 171 (3): 1274–1276. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000110322.87053.99. ISSN 0022-5347. PMID 14767330.
- ^ Boscarelli, Alessandro; Bellini, Tommaso (2021). "Epididymal cyst in children". European Journal of Pediatrics. 180 (9): 2723–2729. doi:10.1007/s00431-021-04080-5. ISSN 0340-6199. PMID 33851241. S2CID 233225219.
- ^ Erikci, Volkan; Hoşgör, Münevver; Aksoy, Nail; Okur, Özkan; Yildiz, Melih; Dursun, Ahmet; Demircan, Yusuf; Örnek, Yilmazcan; Genişol, İncinur (2013). "Management of epididymal cysts in childhood". Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 48 (10). Elsevier BV: 2153–2156. doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.01.058. ISSN 0022-3468. PMID 24094972.
- Gill, W.R.; Schumacher, G.F.B.; Bibbo, M. (1977). "Pathological Seman and Anatomical Abnormalities of the Genital Tract in Human Male Subjects Exposed to Diethylstilbestrol in Utero". Journal of Urology. 117 (4). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 477–480. doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(17)58502-x. ISSN 0022-5347. PMID 850321.
- McLachlan, J. A. (1977). "Prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol in mice: Toxicological studies". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. 2 (3). Informa UK Limited: 527–537. Bibcode:1977JTEH....2..527M. doi:10.1080/15287397709529453. ISSN 0098-4108. PMID 846001.
- Jarvis, LJ; Dubbins, PA (March 1, 1989). "Changes in the epididymis after vasectomy: sonographic findings". American Journal of Roentgenology. 152 (3). American Roentgen Ray Society: 531–534. doi:10.2214/ajr.152.3.531. ISSN 0361-803X. PMID 2644777.
- Skakkebæk, Niels E. (2002). "Endocrine Disrupters and Testicular Dysgenesis Syndrome". Hormone Research in Paediatrics. 57 (2). S. Karger AG: 43. doi:10.1159/000058100. ISSN 1663-2818. PMID 12065926.
- Skakkebæk, N.E.; Rajpert-De Meyts, E.; Main, K.M. (2001). "Testicular dysgenesis syndrome: an increasingly common developmental disorder with environmental aspects: Opinion". Human Reproduction. 16 (5). Oxford University Press (OUP): 972–978. doi:10.1093/humrep/16.5.972. ISSN 1460-2350. PMID 11331648.
Further reading
- Posey, Zachary Q.; Ahn, Hyeong Jun; Junewick, Joseph; Chen, John J.; Steinhardt, George F. (2010). "Rate and Associations of Epididymal Cysts on Pediatric Scrotal Ultrasound". Journal of Urology. 184 (4S). Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health): 1739–1742. doi:10.1016/j.juro.2010.03.118. ISSN 0022-5347. PMID 20728143.
External links
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