Astarac Estarac | |
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County | |
Coat of arms | |
Astarac among gascon strongholds in the Middle Ages. | |
First Created | 920 |
Founded by | García II Sánchez of Gascony |
Government | |
• Type | Former district of the province of Gascony |
Astarac (French pronunciation: [astaʁak]) (or Estarac) is a region in modern-day departments of Gers and Hautes-Pyrénées. It was historically located in Gascony, a county in the Middle Ages. Astarac was formed as a county out of the partition of the Duchy of Gascony: following the death of García II Sánchez of Gascony, the duchy was partitioned between his sons, with Arnold I, the youngest son, receiving Astarac.
Geography
Defined as a natural region, Astarac is located in Gascony, south of the department of Gers and north of the department of Hautes-Pyrénées. Bordering on the Lannemezan plateau, it is a very hilly region with clay soil, crossed by several rivers including the Baïse, Arrats and Gers, which have led to the formation of artificial lakes such as the Lac de l'Astarac.
Astarac borders Armagnac to the northwest, the Rivière-Basse and Bigorre to the west, the Magnoac [fr] to the southeast, and Comminges to the east. Its principal cities are Mirande, Masseube, Miélan, Tournay, Pavie, Idrac-Respaillès, Castelnau-Barbarens, Berdoues, Ponsampère, Mont-d'Astarac, Miramont-d'Astarac, Laas d'Astarac, and Fontrailles.
Demographics
Astarac is a region of scattered settlements.
Economy
Livestock farming is the main form of economic output in this region.
Culture
Astarac is in the area of influence of the Gascon language.
Heraldy
The arms of Astarac county are blazoned as follows: quartered sections of Or (gold/yellow) and Gules (red). This coat of arms is also used by the House of Astarac.
Etymology
Astarac (in the Middle Ages: Asteriacum, Asteirac) is a priori, like its homonym Estirac, for a Gallo-Roman domain name based on the local name Aster (Uciando Aster, Dato Aster, Sancio Aster, Atton Aster are documented personal names, the first three in Bigorre, the fourth in Lézat-sur-Lèze). The village of Asté, near Beaucens, is an ancient Aster. Linguist Joan Coromines likens this name to the biscayan word: azterren, meaning 'root' or 'foundation'.
History
You can help expand this section with text translated from the corresponding article in French. (November 2024) Click for important translation instructions.
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Counts
Dates should be approached with extreme caution. Usually the exact dates of accession and death are unknown and only floruit dates can be provided. Further, the sources do not always give the same dates.
Count of Asterac
- 926 – 960 Arnold I Nonat
- 960 – before 975 Garcie-Arnaud [ru], son
- Before 975 – 1022/23 Arnold II [fr; ru], son
- 1022/23 – c. 1060 William, son
- c. 1060 – after 1099 Sancho I, son
- After 1099 – 1142 Bernard I [ru], son
- 1142 – bef. 1153 Sancho II, son
- bef. 1153 – c.1176 Bohemond, brother
- 1174 – 1182 Bernard II, nephew
- 1183 – ???? Marquesa, cousin, co-countess
- 1183 – ???? Beatrice, sister, co-countess
- ???? – 1233 Centule I, son
- 1233 – 1249 Centule II, son
- 1249 – 1291 Bernard III, brother
- 1291 – 1300 Centule III, son
- 1300 – 1324 Bernard IV, son
- 1324 – 1326 Bernard V, son
- 1326 – 1331 Amanieu, brother
- 1331 – 1363 Centule IV, son
- 1363 – 1403 John I, son
- 1398 – 1410 John II, son
- 1410 – 1458 John III, son
- 1458 – 1511 John IV, son
- 1511 – 1569 Martha, daughter
Count of Asterac, Candale and Benauges
- 1511 – 1536 Gaston, husband
- ???? – 1528 Charles, son
- 1528 John I, brother
- 1528 – 1571 Frederick, brother
- 1571 John II, son
- 1571 – 1572 Henry, son
- 1572 – 1593 Margaret, daughter
References
Sources
- Père Anselme; Déchaussé, Augustin; M. Du Fourny; Père Ange; Père Simplicien, eds. (1726). "Anciens Comtes d'Astarac". Histoire Généalogique Et Chronologique De La Maison Royale De France, Des Pairs, Grands Officiers de la Couronne & de la Maison du Roy: & des anciens Barons du Royaume (in French). Vol. 2 (3rd ed.). Paris: Compagnie des Libraires. pp. 615–620. Retrieved 23 September 2017.
- Jaurgain, Jean de (1902). "XVII. Comtes d'Asterac et d'Aure. Comtes de Pardiac". La Vasconie: étude historique et critique sur les origines du Royaume de Navarre (in French). Vol. 2. Pau: Imprimerie Garet. pp. 156–173. Retrieved 24 September 2017. By Jean de Jaurgain [fr].
- Guinaudeau, Nicolas (2011–2013). "La famille d'Asterac et la gestion du territoire comtal entre le début du X siècle et le milieu du XVI siècle". Acta Historica et Archæologica Mediævalia (in French). 31. University of Barcelona: 65–113. ISSN 0212-2960. Retrieved 23 September 2017. Uploaded to RACO [ca].
- * "Généalogie des comtes d'Astarac" (in French). Retrieved 23 September 2017.
43°31′N 0°24′E / 43.51°N 0.40°E / 43.51; 0.40
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