European Union Military Operation in the Central African Republic

European Union Military Operation in the Central African Republic
Logo of the force
Active	February 10, 2014 (2014-02-10) – March 15, 2015 (2015-03-15)
Countries	Estonia Finland France Georgia Morocco Italy Latvia Luxembourg (advisory) Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Spain
Allegiance	European Union (with United Nations mandate)
Role	Peacekeeping
Size	700 troops
Headquarters	Bangui, Central African Republic
Nickname(s)	EUFOR RCA
Website	eeas.europa.eu/archives/csdp/missions-and-operations/eufor-rca/index_en.htm
Commanders
Commander	Major General Philippe Pontiès

Military unit

Common Security and Defence Policy Service Medal with a EUFOR RCA clasp

European Union Force RCA, commonly referred as EUFOR RCA, is the United Nations-mandated European Union peacekeeping mission in Bangui, capital of the Central African Republic. The goal of the mission is to stabilize the area after more than a year of internal conflict. Agreement about the mission was reached in January 2014, and the first operations started at the end of April. The mission ended its mandate after nearly a year on 15 March 2015.

Background

In 2012 the Central African Republic was embroiled in internal conflict, resulting in the ousting of the Christian president François Bozizé in March 2013. Michel Djotodia, the leader of Muslim Séléka rebels, assumed the presidency but was himself forced to resign in January 2014. According to the UN Refugee Agency, 37,000 people have escaped to neighboring countries, while 173,000 have been internally displaced. In December 2013, peacekeeping missions Operation Sangaris by France and MISCA by the African Union were mounted.

On 20 January 2014, EU foreign ministers reached agreement for the creation of EUFOR RCA, which is the ninth EU military operation in the framework of the Common Security and Defence Policy. On 28 January, United Nations Security Council resolution 2134 approved deployment of the EU force into the Central African Republic. The military operation was established on 10 February, with Major General Philippe Pontiès as its commander.

Deployment

On 30 April 2014, EUFOR RCA started its first major operation by taking over security at the Bangui M'Poko International Airport.

The initial force consisted of 150 troops, and was contributed by former colonial power France and by Estonia. During May and June troops from Finland, Georgia, Latvia, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Spain as well as military advisors from Luxembourg joined the force. On 15 June it achieved full operational capability with 700 troops. The EU mission is planned to last for half a year, with the overall goal to secure a safe environment in the Bangui area, and afterwards hand it over to African partners who should arrive with a 12,000 troop United Nations peacekeeper force in September. On 28 August 2014, troops from Italy joined the force with 50 paratroopers from Folgore Parachute Brigade.

According to some experts, the mission is unlikely to achieve all its objectives in the planned time frame, and training of local security forces will probably continue into 2015.

References

"European Union - EEAS (European External Action Service) | EUFOR RCA".
"CAR ex-leader heads for exile in Benin". Al Jazeera. 12 January 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
^ Brésillon, Thierry (30 April 2014). "EU forces arrive in Bangui". Turkish Press. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
Willsher, Kim (9 December 2013). "French troops exchange fire with rebels in Central African Republic". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
"CAR: MISCA Welcomes Progress in Rebuilding the Armed Forces". NewsfromAfrica. 14 March 2014. Archived from the original on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
Tardy, Thierry (2014). "EUFOR RCA Bangui: 'defence matters'" (PDF). European Union Institute for Security Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
"Resolution 2134 Central African Republic". United Nations. 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
^ "EUFOR RCA mission description". European External Action Service. 2014. Retrieved 27 May 2014.
*"Central African Republic crisis: EU force takes over airport". BBC News. 1 May 2014. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
^ Kund, Oliver (7 May 2014). "Estonian troops fly to CAR Friday morning". Postimees. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
"Central African Republic / EUFOR RCA operation : Declaration of full operational capability". France at the United Nations. 17 June 2014. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 20 June 2014.

Overseas interventions of the European Union

Military operations

force (EUFOR)	Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (Operation Concordia, 2003) Democratic Republic of the Congo (Operation Artemis, 2003) Bosnia and Herzegovina (Operation Althea, 2004–present) Democratic Republic of the Congo (2006) Chad and the Central African Republic (2008–2009) Central African Republic (2014–2015)
Naval force (EUNAVFOR)	Adriatic Sea (Operation Sharp Guard, 1993–1996) Somalia (Operation Atalanta, 2008–present) Mediterranean Sea (Operation Sophia, 2015–2020, Operation Irini, 2020–present) Red Sea (Operation Aspides, 2024–present)

Military missions

Military assistance mission (MAM), Training mission (EUTM)	Mali (2013–2024) Central African Republic (2016–present) Somalia (2010–present) Ukraine (2022–present)

Civilian missions

Police mission (EUPOL, EUPM)	PROXIMA/FYROM (2003–2005) Bosnia and Herzegovina (2003–2012) Kinshasa (2005–2007) RD Congo (2007–2014) Afghanistan (2007–2016) Palestinian Territories (2006–present)
Capacity building mission (EUCAP)	Sahel Mali (2014–present) Sahel Niger (2012–2024) Somalia (2012–present)
Border assistance mission (EUBAM)	Moldova and Ukraine (2005–present) Libya (2013–present) Rafah (2005–present)
Rule of law mission (EULEX)	Kosovo (2008–present)
Monitoring mission (EUMM)	Former Yugoslavia (1991–2007) Aceh (2005–2006) Georgia (2008–present)
Military advisory mission (EUMAM)	Central African Republic (2015–2016)
Aviation security mission (EUAVSEC)	South Sudan (2013–2014)
Mission in support of the security sector reform (EUSSR)	Guinea-Bissau (2008–2010)
Integrated rule of law mission (EUJUST)	Iraq (2015–2013) Georgia (2004–2005)
Mission to provide advice and assistance for security sector reform (EUSEC)	RD Congo (2005–2016)
Advisory mission (EUAM)	Ukraine (2014–present) Iraq (2017–present)
Police advisory team (EUPAT)	FYROM (2005–2006)
Other	AMIS EU Supporting Action (2005–2007) PAMECA (2002–present) Minesweeping operation in the Strait of Hormuz, (Operation Cleansweep, 1987–1988) Police and customs operation with OSCE on the Danube (1993–1996) Police contingent in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina (1994–1996) Multinational Advisory Police Element in Albania (MAPE, 1997–2001) Demining Assistance Mission to Croatia (WEUDAM, 1999–2001) General security surveillance mission in Kosovo (1998–1999) European Union Monitoring Capacity to Armenia (2022) EU Planning Assistance Team in Armenia (2022–2023) European Union Mission in Armenia (2023–present) European Union Partnership Mission in Moldova (2023–present)

: Conducted by the Western European Union prior to 2003. These missions were not named using conventional prefixes such as EUFOR, EUNAVFOR etc.

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