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Ezekiel 17
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Book of Ezekiel 30:13–18 in an English manuscript from the early 13th century, MS. Bodl. Or. 62, fol. 59a. A Latin translation appears in the margins with further interlineations above the Hebrew.
Book	Book of Ezekiel
Hebrew Bible part	Nevi'im
Order in the Hebrew part	7
Category	Latter Prophets
Christian Bible part	Old Testament
Order in the Christian part	26

Ezekiel 17 is the seventeenth chapter of the Book of Ezekiel in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible. This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet/priest Ezekiel, and is one of the Books of the Prophets. This chapter tells (verses 1–10), and then interprets (verses 11–21), the riddle of the great eagle. The original text of this chapter is written in the Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 24 verses.

The Riddle to the House of Israel (17:1–10)

The ḥidah or the riddle to the house of Israel, is the oracle revealed to Ezekiel the prophet. It is a mashal, which is a proverb and a parable. It is also considered an enigma. The riddle is 8 verses long from verse 3 to verse 10.

Hebrew Text

The following table shows the Hebrew text of Ezekiel 17:1-10 with vowels alongside an English translation based upon the JPS 1917 translation (now in the public domain).

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008).

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; ${\displaystyle {\mathfrak {G}}}$; 6th century).

Parable of two eagles and a vine (17:1–21)

Verse 2

Son of man, put forth a riddle,

and speak a parable unto the house of Israel.

• "Son of man" (Hebrew: בן־אדם ben-adam): this phrase is used 93 times to address Ezekiel.
• "Riddle" (Hebrew: חידה hidah): the Hebrew word has a meaning of "dark, obscure utterance", requiring interpretation; the passage is also called a "parable", as containing a similitude (Hebrew: משל mashal) or comparison.

Verse 3

and say, ‘Thus says the Lord God:

"A great eagle with large wings and long pinions,

Full of feathers of various colors,

Came to Lebanon

And took from the cedar the highest branch."

• "A great eagle": refers to Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon. Conquerors are also compared to an eagle in:
• Deuteronomy 28:49;
• Isaiah 46:11;
• Jeremiah 4:13;
• Jeremiah 48:40;
• Hosea 8:1;
• Lamentations 4:19.

Verse 9

"Say, 'Thus says the Lord God:

"Will it thrive?

Will he not pull up its roots,

Cut off its fruit,

And leave it to wither?

All of its spring leaves will wither,

And no great power or many people

Will be needed to pluck it up by its roots."'"

• Rashi noted that the entire Hebrew alphabet is found in this verse.

Verse 15

But he rebelled against him in sending his ambassadors into Egypt, that they might give him horses and much people. Shall he prosper? Shall he escape who does such things? Can he indeed break the covenant and be delivered?

• "Against him": here, "against the King of Babylon"
• "Into Egypt": that is, asking help from the king of Egypt at that time, Pharaoh Hophra (Apries) (Jeremiah 37:5; Jeremiah 44:30).
• "Break the covenant": Zedekiah broke the covenant not only of the king of Babylon but also of YHWH (Ezekiel 17:19); Ezekiel follows the prophecy of Jeremiah, perhaps he heard Jeremiah spoke in the beginning of Zedekiah's reign (Jeremiah 27:9-17: "serve the king of Babylon and live") or even probably he had heard Jeremiah's words spoken in the fourth year of Jehoiakim (Ezekiel 25) or Jeremiah's advice to the exiles (cf. Jeremiah 29:4).

Verse 16

As I live, saith the Lord God, surely in the place where the king dwelleth that made him king, whose oath he despised, and whose covenant he brake, even with him in the midst of Babylon he shall die.

• The prophecy was fulfilled when Zedekiah died in the prison in Babylon (2 Kings 25:6,7; Jeremiah 39:7; Jeremiah 52:11).

Israel exalted at last (17:22–24)

Verse 23

On the mountain height of Israel I will plant it;

and it will bring forth boughs, and bear fruit, and be a majestic cedar.

Under it will dwell birds of every sort;

in the shadow of its branches they will dwell.

This "messianic allegory" is presented with the reference to the "branch" in Isaiah 11:1; Jeremiah 23:5–6; Zechariah 3:8, which grows to be "a majestic cedar."

As shown in the Daily Mass Readings provided in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church, one of the main references in the Gospels is the Parable of the Mustard Seed (Mark 4:30–32).

See also

• Babylon
• Cedrus
• Eagle
• Egypt
• Jerusalem
• Lebanon
• Pharaoh
• Zedekiah

Notes

1. Ezekiel is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.

References

1. ^ Davidson, Andrew B., Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Ezekiel 17, accessed 23 November 2019
2. "Klein Dictionary - חִידָה". Sefaria.org.
3. "Klein Dictionary - מָשָׁל". Sefaria.org.
4. "Ezekiel – Chapter 17". Mechon Mamre.
5. "Ezekiel 17 - JPS 1917". Sefaria.org.
6. Ezekiel 17:1–10 KJV
7. Würthwein 1995, pp. 35–37.
8. Würthwein 1995, pp. 73–74.
9. Shepherd, Michael (2018). A Commentary on the Book of the Twelve: The Minor Prophets. Kregel Exegetical Library. Kregel Academic. p. 13. ISBN 978-0825444593.
10. Ezekiel 17:2 KJV
11. Bromiley 1995, p. 574.
12. Brown, Driver & Briggs 1906, p. 295.
13. Brown, Driver & Briggs 1906, p. 605.
14. Gesenius 1979 "מָשָׁל"
15. Ezekiel 17:3 NKJV
16. Ezekiel 17:9 NKJV
17. Rashi's Commentary on Ezekiel 17:9.
18. Ezekiel 17:15 MEV
19. Note on Ezekiel 17:15 in NET Bible
20. ^ Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. Ezekiel 17. Accessed 28 April 2019.
21. Ezekiel 17:16 NKJV
22. Huey 1993, p. 343.
23. Ezekiel 17:23 NKJV
24. The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha, Augmented Third Edition, New Revised Standard Version, Indexed. Michael D. Coogan, Marc Brettler, Carol A. Newsom, Editors. Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA; 2007. pp. 1201-1203 Hebrew Bible. ISBN 978-0195288810
25. "Daily Mass Readings - 17 June 2018 – Sunday". catholicgallery.org. Archived from the original on 20 November 2018. Retrieved 20 November 2018.

Bibliography

• Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (1995). International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: vol. iv, Q-Z. Eerdmans. ISBN 9780802837844.
• Brown, Francis; Driver, S. R.; Briggs, Charles A. (1906). The Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon (1939 reprint ed.). Oxford University Press.
• Clements, Ronald E (1996). Ezekiel. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664252724.
• Gesenius, H. W. F. (1979). Gesenius' Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures: Numerically Coded to Strong's Exhaustive Concordance, with an English Index. Translated by Tregelles, Samuel Prideaux (7th ed.). Baker Book House.
• Huey, F. B. (1993). The New American Commentary - Jeremiah, Lamentations: An Exegetical and Theological Exposition of Holy Scripture, NIV Text. B&H Publishing Group. ISBN 9780805401165.
• Joyce, Paul M. (2009). Ezekiel: A Commentary. Continuum. ISBN 9780567483614.
• Würthwein, Ernst (1995). The Text of the Old Testament. Translated by Rhodes, Erroll F. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-0788-7. Retrieved January 26, 2019.

External links

Jewish

• Ezekiel 17 Hebrew with Parallel English
• Ezekiel 17 Hebrew with Rashi's Commentary

Christian

• Ezekiel 17 English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate Archived 2017-03-16 at the Wayback Machine

• Book of Ezekiel chapters