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FLWOR

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Type of expression in the XQuery programming language
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The programming language XQuery defines FLWOR (pronounced 'flower') as an expression that supports iteration and binding of variables to intermediate results. FLWOR is an acronym: FOR, LET, WHERE, ORDER BY, RETURN. FLWOR is loosely analogous to SQL's SELECT-FROM-WHERE and can be used to provide join-like functionality to XML documents.

  • for creates a sequence of nodes
  • let binds a sequence to a variable
  • where filters the nodes on a boolean expression
  • order by sorts the nodes
  • return gets evaluated once for every node

Example

   for $d in doc("depts.xml")//deptno
   let $e := doc("emps.xml")//employee
   where count($e) >= 10
   order by avg($e/salary) descending
   return
     <big-dept>
        { $d,
           <headcount>{count($e)}</headcount>,
           <avgsal>{avg($e/salary)}</avgsal>
        }
     </big-dept>

First column of the XQuery request shows the for, let, where, order by and return keywords of the FLWOR paradigm. In plain English, this could be read as "Get all departments that have more than ten employees, order these departments by decreasing average salary, and return a report of department numbers, head counts and average salary in each big department". The result could look like: 

<big-dept>
    <deptno>17</deptno>
    <headcount>25</headcount>
    <avgsal>12500</avgsal>
</big-dept>
<big-dept>
    <deptno>24</deptno>
    <headcount>18</headcount>
    <avgsal>11327</avgsal>
</big-dept>
<big-dept>
    <deptno>3</deptno>
    <headcount>32</headcount>
    <avgsal>10725</avgsal>
</big-dept>

Example using Microsoft SQL Server

DECLARE @xml XML
SET @xml = 
'<root_element>
	<branch_element>
		<item_1>42</item_1>
		<item_2>27</item_2>
	</branch_element>
	<branch_element>
		<item_1>a</item_1>
		<item_2>b</item_2>
	</branch_element>
</root_element>'
SELECT 
		x.y.query('for $s in self::node() return $s//item_1/text()') as i,
		x.y.query('for $s in self::node() return $s//item_2/text()') as j
	FROM @xml.nodes('/root_element') AS x(y);

References

  1. Walmsley, Priscilla (2007). XQuery. Sebastopol, CA, USA: O'Reilly Media. p. 73. ISBN 978-0-596-00634-1.

External links


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