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March 1973 Argentine general election

Presidential election
← 1963 11 March 1973 Sept. 1973 →
Nominee Héctor Cámpora Ricardo Balbín Party Justicialist Party Radical Civic Union Alliance Justicialist Liberation Front Running mate Vicente Solano Lima Eduardo Gamond States carried 23 + City of Buenos Aires 0 Popular vote 5,899,642 2,535,581 Percentage 49.53% 21.29%   Nominee Francisco Manrique Oscar Alende Party Federal Party Popular Revolutionary Alliance Alliance Federalist Popular Alliance Running mate Rafael Martínez Raymonda Horacio Sueldo States carried 0 0 Popular vote 1,775,767 885,274 Percentage 14.91% 7.43%
Most voted party by province.
President before election Alejandro Lanusse none (de facto regime) Elected President Héctor Cámpora Justicialist Party
Legislative election
← 1965 11 March 1973 (first round) 15 April 1973 (second round) 1983 →
243 seats in the Chamber of Deputies 69 seats in the Senate
Turnout	85.55%
Party Vote % Seats Chamber of Deputies Justicialist Liberation Front 49.11% 146 Radical Civic Union 20.33% 51 Federalist Popular Alliance 11.51% 20 Popular Revolutionary Alliance 6.67% 12 Federal Republican Alliance 3.50% 10 Others 8.88% 4 Senate Justicialist Liberation Front % 45 Radical Civic Union % 12 Federalist Popular Alliance % 5 Federal Republican Alliance % 4 Others % 3 This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. Chamber of Deputies results by province

The first Argentine general election of 1973 was held on 11 March. Voters chose both the President and their legislators.

Background

The 1966 coup d'état against the moderate President Arturo Illia was carried out largely as a reaction to Illia's decision to honor local and legislative elections in which Peronists, officially banned from political activity following the violent overthrow of President Juan Perón in 1955, did well. Five years later, however, President Alejandro Lanusse found himself heading an unpopular junta, saddled by increasing political violence and an economic wind-down from the prosperous 1960s. Seizing the initiative, he gathered leaders from across the nation's political and intellectual spectrum for a July 1971 asado, a time-honored Argentine custom as much about camaraderie as about steak.

The result was Lanusse's "Great National Agreement," a road map to the return to democratic rule, including Peronists (the first such concession the military had made since Perón's 1955 exile). The agreement, however, bore little resemblance to what had been discussed and, instead, proposed virtual veto power for the armed forces over most future domestic and foreign policy. This patently unacceptable condition led most political figures to dismiss the much-touted event as the "Great National Asado," instead.

A year later, President Lanusse made the much-anticipated announcement: elections would be held, nationally, on March 11, 1973. Retaliating for Perón's unequivocal rejection of the 1971 accords, Lanusse limited the field of candidates to those residing in Argentina as of August 25, 1972 - a clear denial of the aging Perón the right to run on his own party's ticket (the likely winners). Perón did return to Argentina, however, on November 17, when, during a month-long stay, he secured the endorsement of prominent figures such as former President Arturo Frondizi of the Integration and Development Movement, Jorge Abelardo Ramos of the Popular Leftist Front (FIP), Popular Conservative Alberto Fonrouge, Christian Democrat Carlos Imbaud, and other, mainly provincial parties. These diverse parties signed on to an umbrella ticket, led by the Justicialist Party and Perón's personal representative in Argentina, Héctor Cámpora. Partly in recognition for their support and to provide a counter-weight to the left-leaning Cámpora, Perón had the Justicialist Liberation Front (FREJULI) nominate for Vice President Popular Conservative leader Vicente Solano Lima, a newspaper publisher respected across most of Argentina's vastly diverse political spectrum.

Given little time to campaign by the calculating Lanusse (who fielded his own candidate, Brigadier General Ezequiel Martínez, for his ad hoc Federal Republican Alliance), the nation's myriad parties jockeyed for alliances and rushed to name candidates. The main opposition, the centrist Radical Civic Union (UCR), put forth their 1958 nominee, former Congressman Ricardo Balbín (head of the party's more conservative wing). Hoping to carry the mantle of those supporting Lanusse, Social Policy Minister Francisco Manrique ran on the Federalist ticket and Américo Ghioldi, who had led a split in the Socialist Party in 1958, ran on his Democratic Socialist slate - refusing (as the traditional Socialists had done) to endorse the Popular Revolutionary Alliance headed by former Governor Oscar Alende (the runner-up in the 1963 election).

The March 11 polls went smoothly and the FREJULI, which needed 50% of the total to avoid a runoff as per Lanusse's agreement, garnered 49.53%. Realizing that the FREJULI was only less than 0,5% short of the agreed threshold, plus having a 28% margin over the runners-up (the UCR), the seasoned Balbín to petition President Lanusse for a waiver of the rule, something he granted, making the FREJULI alliance the winners of the March 11, 1973, election and paving the way for the definitive return of Juan Perón, whom Lanusse, many years later, would admit to being his "life's obsession."

Candidates

• Justicialist Liberation Front (populist): Former Deputy Héctor Cámpora of Buenos Aires Province
• Radical Civic Union (centrist): Former Deputy Ricardo Balbín of Buenos Aires Province
• Federalist Popular Alliance (conservative): Former Minister of Social Policy Francisco Manrique of Mendoza Province
• Popular Revolutionary Alliance (social democratic): Former Governor Oscar Alende of Buenos Aires Province

• Cámpora
• Balbín
• Manrique
• Alende

Results

President

Chamber of Deputies

Senate

Provincial Governors

Election of Provincial Governors
Elected: 22 provincial governors
Province	Elected	Party	Map
Buenos Aires	Oscar Bidegain	Justicialist Liberation Front
Catamarca	Hugo Alberto Mott	Justicialist Liberation Front
Chaco	Deolindo Bittel	Justicialist Liberation Front
Chubut	Benito Fernández	Justicialist Liberation Front
Córdoba	Ricardo Obregón Cano	Justicialist Liberation Front
Corrientes	Julio Romero	Justicialist Liberation Front
Entre Ríos	Enrique Tomás Cresto	Justicialist Liberation Front
Formosa	Antenor Argentino Gauna	Justicialist Liberation Front
Jujuy	Carlos Snopek	Justicialist Liberation Front
La Pampa	Aquiles José Regazzoli	Justicialist Liberation Front
La Rioja	Carlos Menem	Justicialist Liberation Front
Mendoza	Alberto Martínez Baca	Justicialist Liberation Front
Misiones	Juan Manuel Irrazábal	Justicialist Liberation Front
Neuquén	Felipe Sapag	Neuquén People's Movement
Río Negro	Mario José Franco	Justicialist Liberation Front
Salta	Miguel Ragone	Justicialist Liberation Front
San Juan	Eloy Camus	Justicialist Liberation Front
San Luis	Elías Adre	Justicialist Liberation Front
Santa Cruz	Jorge Cepernic	Justicialist Liberation Front
Santa Fe	Carlos Sylvestre Begnis	Integration and Development Movement
Santiago del Estero	Carlos Juárez	Justicialist Liberation Front
Tucumán	Amado Juri	Justicialist Liberation Front

References

1. Clarín. 11 March 1993.
2. Elecciones (PDF). Estudios e Investigaciones Nº7. Vol. I. Dirección de Información Parlamentaria del Congreso de la Nación. April 1993. p. 227. ISBN 950-685-009-7.
3. Elecciones (PDF). Estudios e Investigaciones Nº7. Vol. I. Dirección de Información Parlamentaria del Congreso de la Nación. April 1993. p. 229.

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