Step therapy, also called step protocol or a fail first requirement, is a managed care approach to prescription. It is a type of prior authorization requirement that is intended to control the costs and risks posed by prescription drugs. The practice begins medication for a medical condition with the most cost-effective drug therapy and progresses to other more costly or risky therapies only if necessary.
The increase in prescription drug prices in the United States has increased the pressure on health care providers to keep down the cost of prescription medication while maintaining high levels of availability to the patient. The use of generic drugs whenever possible allows health care plans to pursue both goals effectively.
Physicians and managed care providers may disagree on the proper step therapy, and patients are encouraged to become knowledgeable in managing their own care.
Opponents
Opponents of step therapy, such as Fail First Hurts, have detailed the pitfalls of step therapy. "Fail First is used by health insurers to control costs. It is time-consuming from a physician and patient standpoint, is more expensive from a direct and indirect out-of-pocket cost perspective, denies patients the drugs they need when they need them, and allows payers to practice medicine without a license." They claim that it also has the following disadvantages:
- Creating additional barriers, leading people to forgo needed medications
- Possibly causing patients' medical conditions to deteriorate, increasing the need for later medical intervention in the future, thus making patients require increasingly-costly medical care
- Increasing frustration and incidents of depression
- Increasing the risk of non-compliance and self-medication
See also
References
- Jessica S. Banthin, Peter Cunningham, and Didem M. Bernard "Financial Burden Of Health Care", 2001–2004 Health Affairs, January/February 2008; 27(1): 188-195.
- Brenda R. Motheral, PhD; Rochelle Henderson, MPA; and Emily R. Cox, PhD "Investigation showing step therapy reduces managed care costs: Plan-Sponsor Savings and Member Experience With Point-of-Service Prescription Step Therapy", The American Journal of Managed Care Volume 10:457-464 July 2004 Number 7 Pt 1
- Neil J. MacKinnon, Ph.D., R.Ph., Ritu Kumar, M.H.S.A., R.N., "Prior Authorization Programs: A Critical Review of the Literature", Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy 2001 Volume 7 Issue 4:297-303
- FailFirstHurts.org
Further reading
- The Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy - Hosting the Journal of Managed Care & Specialty Pharmacy
- The Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy's Concepts in Managed Care Pharmacy: Prior Authorization
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