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Fighting at Fréteval
Part of Franco-Prussian War
Date December 14 – 15, 1870 Location Fréteval, Loir-et-Cher, France Result Inconclusive, French retreat
Belligerents
French Republic	North German Confederation  Prussia
Commanders and leaders
Antoine Chanzy	Freidrich Franz II

The Fighting in Fréteval was a battle in the Franco-Prussian War, it occurred in December 14 — 15, 1870, near the village of Fréteval of France. In this fierce engagement, a corps of the Prussian army under the command of Friedrich Franz II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin contested Fréteval with a force of the French army 's Loire Corps under General Antoine Chanzy, but neither side was able to seize the advantage. The battle demonstrated the effective combat capabilities of Chanzy's forces, with a huge numerical superiority over Mecklenburg's forces. From 15 December, however, Mecklenburg's army was reinforced on the left, and in light of that situation Chanzy finally made a retreat to Le Mans.

Background

On December 11, 1870, with a dramatic failure for several days with the Prussian Army by Grand Duke Origin Mecklenburg in the Battle of Beaugency, Chanzy began conducting a deplete. On 12 December, upon learning that Chanzy was beginning to withdraw to the northwest, the Germans launched a pursuit. But, Chanzy deceived the Germans: they thought he would run to Tours, but in fact he pulled his troops to a position stronger than the one he had left, on the direct route to Tours and Paris. There, he can receive reinforcements from the west. Chanzy's troops withdrew under difficult circumstances, and suffered heavy losses in their rearguards. However, due to the caution of the German cavalry, the French reached their new defensive positions on the Loir, both from the Vendôme, on 13 December 1870. And, on December 14: Mecklenburg's army approached the French, who were stationed at an important position on the outskirts of the small town of Fréteval. This location is on the west bank of the River Loir. There was forest near Fréteval to the back and left, the forest of Marchenoir to the right, and the River Loir to the background. The French also set up artillery batteries in favorable positions, and deployed many snipers in the forest. German and French troops seized the hills from either side, and fired at each other across the valley.

The Battle

Fighting broke out shortly after six o'clock in the afternoon on December 14, 1870, when a German major, who had been informed by some prisoners that the area had been abandoned, led a detachment of dragon cavalry into Fréteval was suddenly bombarded and forced to withdraw. Shortly after, the scale of the battle was expanded. In that day, with two great team, the Germans invaded Fréteval after a skirmish with bayonets, but could not keep the village due to unfavorable positioning. Nightfall ended the fighting, and neither side gained absolute superiority. The next day on December 15, the Germans and French continued to wage war, but were unable to achieve a decisive victory . Mecklenburg found it difficult to drive the Army of the Loire further from Paris, and the situation showed that the French position at Fréteval was too strong to be captured. But, fortunately for the Imperial German army, they didn't have to. After the fall of Blois on December 13, the X Army of the Second Army of the Kingdom of Prussia, commanded by Prince Friedrich Karl, attacked Vendôme and won in the Battle of Vendôme on December 16. The German III Corps also arrived on the left flank of the French and began to pressure them on December 15. The defeat at Vendôme forced the French to withdraw from their defensive positions. With the retreat of the French, the German army has set up a battle line extending from Cloyes and Morée in the north, through the Vendôme, to Blois southeast. Meanwhile, the French army made a retreat to Le Mans, giving up all hope of supporting Tours.

References

1. Julius von Pflugk-Harttung, Wilfred James Long, Adolf Sonnenschein, The Franco-German war, 1870-1871, Page 444
2. Ernest Alfred Vizetelly, Republican France, 1870-1912: her presidents, statesmen, policy, vicissitudes and social life, Page 20
3. ^ Daily News (London), Daily News, London, The war correspondence of the Daily news, 1870, Pages 60-61.
4. ^ Edmund Ollier, Cassell's history of the war between France and Germany, 1870-1871, Pages 29-32.
5. ^ The Nation, Volume 11, Page 415
6. "Moltke, a biographical and critical study"
7. "The evening journal... almanac"
8. Amédée H. Simonin, Synthèse sociale..., Page 227
9. ^ Michael Howard, The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France, 1870-1871, Page 387
10. "The seven weeks' war. its antecedents and its incidents"
11. Daily News (London), Daily News, London, The war correspondence of the Daily news, 1870, Page 61

• 1870 in France
• Conflicts in 1870
• Battles of the Franco-Prussian War
• Battles involving Prussia
• Battles involving France
• December 1870 events