Fluent (mathematics) - Misplaced Pages

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\int _{a}^{b}f'(t)\,dt=f(b)-f(a)

Fundamental theorem

Differential

Definitions
Derivative (generalizations) Differential infinitesimal of a function total
Concepts
Differentiation notation Second derivative Implicit differentiation Logarithmic differentiation Related rates Taylor's theorem
Rules and identities
Sum Product Chain Power Quotient L'Hôpital's rule Inverse General Leibniz Faà di Bruno's formula Reynolds

Integral

Definitions
Lists of integrals Integral transform Leibniz integral rule
Antiderivative Integral (improper) Riemann integral Lebesgue integration Contour integration Integral of inverse functions
Integration by
Parts Discs Cylindrical shells Substitution (trigonometric, tangent half-angle, Euler) Euler's formula Partial fractions (Heaviside's method) Changing order Reduction formulae Differentiating under the integral sign Risch algorithm

Series

Convergence tests
Geometric (arithmetico-geometric) Harmonic Alternating Power Binomial Taylor
Summand limit (term test) Ratio Root Integral Direct comparison Limit comparison Alternating series Cauchy condensation Dirichlet Abel

Vector

Theorems
Gradient Divergence Curl Laplacian Directional derivative Identities
Gradient Green's Stokes' Divergence generalized Stokes Helmholtz decomposition

Multivariable

Formalisms
Matrix Tensor Exterior Geometric
Definitions
Partial derivative Multiple integral Line integral Surface integral Volume integral Jacobian Hessian

Advanced

Specialized

Miscellanea

A fluent is a time-varying quantity or variable. The term was used by Isaac Newton in his early calculus to describe his form of a function. The concept was introduced by Newton in 1665 and detailed in his mathematical treatise, Method of Fluxions. Newton described any variable that changed its value as a fluent – for example, the velocity of a ball thrown in the air. The derivative of a fluent is known as a fluxion, the main focus of Newton's calculus. A fluent can be found from its corresponding fluxion through integration.

References

Newton, Sir Isaac (1736). The Method of Fluxions and Infinite Series: With Its Application to the Geometry of Curve-lines. Henry Woodfall; and sold by John Nourse. Retrieved 6 March 2017.
Fluent (mathematics) at the Encyclopædia Britannica
Weisstein, Eric W. "Fluent". MathWorld.
"Isaac Newton (1642-1727)". www.mhhe.com. Retrieved 6 March 2017.

Calculus

Precalculus

Limits

Differential calculus

Integral calculus

Vector calculus

Derivatives
Basic theorems
- Line integrals
- Green's
- Stokes'
- Gauss'

Multivariable calculus

Sequences and series

Arithmetico-geometric sequence
Types of series
- Alternating
- Binomial
- Fourier
- Geometric
- Harmonic
- Infinite
- Power
  - Maclaurin
  - Taylor
- Telescoping
Tests of convergence

Special functions
and numbers

History of calculus

Lists

Integrals	rational functions irrational functions exponential functions logarithmic functions hyperbolic functions inverse trigonometric functions inverse Secant Secant cubed
List of limits List of derivatives

Miscellaneous topics

Complex calculus
- Contour integral
Differential geometry
- Manifold
- Curvature
- of curves
- of surfaces
- Tensor
Euler–Maclaurin formula
Gabriel's horn
Integration Bee
Proof that 22/7 exceeds π
Regiomontanus' angle maximization problem
Steinmetz solid

v t e Sir Isaac Newton
Publications	Fluxions (1671) De Motu (1684) Principia (1687) Opticks (1704) Queries (1704) Arithmetica (1707) De Analysi (1711)
Other writings	Quaestiones (1661–1665) "standing on the shoulders of giants" (1675) Notes on the Jewish Temple (c. 1680) "General Scholium" (1713; "hypotheses non fingo" ) Ancient Kingdoms Amended (1728) Corruptions of Scripture (1754)
Contributions	Calculus fluxion Impact depth Inertia Newton disc Newton polygon Newton–Okounkov body Newton's reflector Newtonian telescope Newton scale Newton's metal Spectrum Structural coloration
Newtonianism	Bucket argument Newton's inequalities Newton's law of cooling Newton's law of universal gravitation post-Newtonian expansion parameterized gravitational constant Newton–Cartan theory Schrödinger–Newton equation Newton's laws of motion Kepler's laws Newtonian dynamics Newton's method in optimization Apollonius's problem truncated Newton method Gauss–Newton algorithm Newton's rings Newton's theorem about ovals Newton–Pepys problem Newtonian potential Newtonian fluid Classical mechanics Corpuscular theory of light Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy Newton's notation Rotating spheres Newton's cannonball Newton–Cotes formulas Newton's method generalized Gauss–Newton method Newton fractal Newton's identities Newton polynomial Newton's theorem of revolving orbits Newton–Euler equations Newton number kissing number problem Newton's quotient Parallelogram of force Newton–Puiseux theorem Absolute space and time Luminiferous aether Newtonian series table
Personal life	Woolsthorpe Manor (birthplace) Cranbury Park (home) Early life Later life Apple tree Religious views Occult studies Scientific Revolution Copernican Revolution
Relations	Catherine Barton (niece) John Conduitt (nephew-in-law) Isaac Barrow (professor) William Clarke (mentor) Benjamin Pulleyn (tutor) Roger Cotes (student) William Whiston (student) John Keill (disciple) William Stukeley (friend) William Jones (friend) Abraham de Moivre (friend)
Depictions	Newton by Blake (monotype) Newton by Paolozzi (sculpture) Isaac Newton Gargoyle Astronomers Monument
Namesake	Newton (unit) Newton's cradle Isaac Newton Institute Isaac Newton Medal Isaac Newton Telescope Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes XMM-Newton Sir Isaac Newton Sixth Form Statal Institute of Higher Education Isaac Newton Newton International Fellowship
Categories	Isaac Newton

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See also

References