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Ford–GM 10-speed automatic transmission

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Motor vehicle automatic transmission models Motor vehicle
Ford 10R 60 · 10R 80 · 10R 140
GM 10L 80 · 10L 90 GM 10L 1000 (Allison)
Overview
ManufacturerFord · General Motors
Production2017–present
Body and chassis
Class10-speed longitudinal automatic transmission
RelatedZF 8HP · MB 9G-Tronic
Chronology
PredecessorFord 6R 60 · 6R 80 · 6R 140
GM 8L 45 · 8L 90

The Ford–GM 10-speed automatic transmission is part of a joint venture between Ford Motor Company and General Motors to design and engineer two transmissions: a longitudinal 10-speed transmission and a transverse 9-speed trans-axle. Each company manufactures its own unique version of the transmissions in its own factories. The 10-speed transmission was designed by Ford, while the 9-speed transmission was designed by GM.

Gear Ratios
GearModel R 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total
Span
Span
Center
Avg.
Step
Compo-
nents
Ford 10R 80 · 2017
GM 10L 80 · 2017
GM 10L 90 · 2018
−4.866 4.696 2.985 2.146 1.769 1.520 1.275 1.000 0.854 0.689 0.636 7.386 1.728 1.249 4
Gearsets
2
Brakes
4
Clutches
Ford
10R 140 · 2020
−4.695 4.615 2.919 2.132 1.773 1.519 1.277 1.000 0.851 0.687 0.632 7.299 1.708 1.247
GM 10L 1000
(Allison) · 2020
−4.545 4.538 2.868 2.061 1.715 1.482 1.258 1.000 0.851 0.688 0.632 7.182 1.694 1.245
Ford 10R 60 · 2020 −4.885 4.714 2.997 2.149 1.769 1.521 1.275 1.000 0.853 0.689 0.636 7.416 1.731 1.249
  1. Differences in gear ratios have a measurable, direct impact on vehicle dynamics, performance, waste emissions as well as fuel mileage

Production

The 10R 80 was first produced at the Ford Livonia Transmission Plant in Livonia, Michigan, and the Hydra-Matic 10L 80 is made at the General Motors Romulus Powertrain Plant, in Romulus, Michigan. GM's Silao, Mexico, transmission plant started 10L 80 production in 2018, while Ford's Sharonville Transmission plant started 10R 80 production in 2018.

Specifications

Layout

The transmission is based on the well-known 8-speed automatic transmission 8HP from ZF. A unique triple-clutch assembly on a dedicated intermediate shaft, placed in the middle of the architecture, replaces two ordinary clutches and is the key for packaging the 10-speed unit into the same space as the previous transmission.

Compared to the 8-speed architecture, the transmission offers smaller steps between the lower gears, which benefits acceleration at low speeds. However, the individual gears are even more unevenly distributed than there. Furthermore, it was not possible to achieve any significant improvement in the steps, particularly in the upper gears, where it is more important than in the lower gears. It was also not possible to increase the total span. The gear step from 9th to 10th gear is unfavorably small at less than 9 %. These factors largely cancel out the advantage of the additional gears.

Gear Ratios
With Assessment Planetary Gearset: Teeth Count Total
Center
Avg.
Model
Type
Version
First Delivery
S1
R1
S2
R2
S3
R3
S4
R4
Brakes
Clutches
Ratio
Span
Gear
Step
Gear
Ratio
R
i R {\displaystyle {i_{R}}}
1
i 1 {\displaystyle {i_{1}}}
2
i 2 {\displaystyle {i_{2}}}
3
i 3 {\displaystyle {i_{3}}}
4
i 4 {\displaystyle {i_{4}}}
5
i 5 {\displaystyle {i_{5}}}
6
i 6 {\displaystyle {i_{6}}}
7
i 7 {\displaystyle {i_{7}}}
8
i 8 {\displaystyle {i_{8}}}
9
i 9 {\displaystyle {i_{9}}}
10
i 10 {\displaystyle {i_{10}}}
Step i R i 1 {\displaystyle -{\tfrac {i_{R}}{i_{1}}}} i 1 i 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}} i 1 i 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}} i 2 i 3 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}} i 3 i 4 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}} i 4 i 5 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}} i 5 i 6 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{5}}{i_{6}}}} i 6 i 7 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{6}}{i_{7}}}} i 7 i 8 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{7}}{i_{8}}}} i 8 i 9 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{8}}{i_{9}}}} i 9 i 10 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{9}}{i_{10}}}}
Δ Step i 1 i 2 : i 2 i 3 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}:{\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}} i 2 i 3 : i 3 i 4 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{2}}{i_{3}}}:{\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}} i 3 i 4 : i 4 i 5 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{3}}{i_{4}}}:{\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}} i 4 i 5 : i 5 i 6 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{4}}{i_{5}}}:{\tfrac {i_{5}}{i_{6}}}} i 5 i 6 : i 6 i 7 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{5}}{i_{6}}}:{\tfrac {i_{6}}{i_{7}}}} i 6 i 7 : i 7 i 8 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{6}}{i_{7}}}:{\tfrac {i_{7}}{i_{8}}}} i 7 i 8 : i 8 i 9 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{7}}{i_{8}}}:{\tfrac {i_{8}}{i_{9}}}} i 8 i 9 : i 9 i 10 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{8}}{i_{9}}}:{\tfrac {i_{9}}{i_{10}}}}
Shaft
Speed
i 1 i R {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{R}}}} i 1 i 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}} i 1 i 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}} i 1 i 3 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}} i 1 i 4 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}} i 1 i 5 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}} i 1 i 6 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{6}}}} i 1 i 7 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{7}}}} i 1 i 8 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{8}}}} i 1 i 9 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{9}}}} i 1 i 10 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{10}}}}
Δ Shaft
Speed
0 i 1 i R {\displaystyle 0-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{R}}}} i 1 i 1 0 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}-0} i 1 i 2 i 1 i 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{1}}}} i 1 i 3 i 1 i 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{2}}}} i 1 i 4 i 1 i 3 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{3}}}} i 1 i 5 i 1 i 4 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{4}}}} i 1 i 6 i 1 i 5 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{6}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{5}}}} i 1 i 7 i 1 i 6 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{7}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{6}}}} i 1 i 8 i 1 i 7 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{8}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{7}}}} i 1 i 9 i 1 i 8 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{9}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{8}}}} i 1 i 10 i 1 i 9 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{10}}}-{\tfrac {i_{1}}{i_{9}}}}
Ford 10R 80
GM 10L 80
GM 10L 90
800 N⋅m (590 lb⋅ft) · 2017
900 N⋅m (664 lb⋅ft) · 2018
45
95
51
89
73
119
23
85
2
4
7.3864
1.7277
1.2488
Gear
Ratio
−4.8661
40 , 851 8 , 395 {\displaystyle -{\tfrac {40,851}{8,395}}}
4.6957
108 23 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {108}{23}}}
2.9851
2403 805 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {2403}{805}}}
2.1462
3 , 024 1 , 409 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3,024}{1,409}}}
1.7690
743 420 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {743}{420}}}
1.5201
80 , 244 52 , 789 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {80,244}{52,789}}}
1.2751
9 , 289 , 296 7 , 285 , 081 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {9,289,296}{7,285,081}}}
1.0000
1 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}
0.8536
650 , 168 720 , 653 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {650,168}{720,653}}}
0.6892
3 , 204 4 , 649 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3,204}{4,649}}}
0.6357
89 140 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {89}{140}}}
Step 1.0363 1.0000 1.5730 1.3909 1.2132 1.1638 1.1921 1.2751 1.1715 1.2386 1.0841
Δ Step 1.1310 1.1465 1.0425 0.9762 0.9349 1.0885 0.9458 1.1425
Speed –0.9650 1.0000 1.5730 2.1879 2.6543 3.0890 3.6825 4.6956 5.5008 6.8134 7.3864
Δ Speed 0.9650 1.0000 0.5730 0.6148 0.4665 0.4347 0.5935 1.0131 0.8052 1.3126 0.5730
Ford
10R 140
1,400 N⋅m (1,033 lb⋅ft) · 2020 58
122
50
86
69
111
26
94
2
4
7.2987
1.7084
1.2471
Gear
Ratio
−4.6951
23 , 865 5 , 083 {\displaystyle -{\tfrac {23,865}{5,083}}}
4.6154
60 13 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {60}{13}}}
2.9186
645 221 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {645}{221}}}
2.1319
5 , 400 2 , 533 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {5,400}{2,533}}}
1.7733
3 , 497 1 , 972 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {3,497}{1,972}}}
1.5188
41 , 964 27 , 629 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {41,964}{27,629}}}
1.2773
303 , 768 237 , 827 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {303,768}{237,827}}}
1.0000
1 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}
0.8514
6 , 192 7 , 273 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {6,192}{7,273}}}
0.6871
516 751 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {516}{751}}}
0.6324
43 68 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {43}{68}}}
Step 1.0173 1.0000 1.5814 1.3690 1.2022 1.1676 1.1891 1.2773 1.1746 1.2391 1.0866
Δ Step 1.1551 1.1388 1.0297 0.9819 0.9310 1.0874 0.9479 1.1404
Speed –0.9830 1.0000 1.5814 2.1650 2.6027 3.0388 3.6135 4.6154 5.4211 6.7174 7.2987
Δ Speed 0.9830 1.0000 0.5814 0.5836 0.4377 0.4360 0.5747 1.0019 0.8058 1.2962 0.5814
GM 10L 1000
(Allison)
1,400 N⋅m (1,033 lb⋅ft) · 2020 53
103
53
91
65
103
26
92
2
4
7.1817
1.6935
1.2449
Gear
Ratio
−4.5448
553 , 007 121 , 680 {\displaystyle -{\tfrac {553,007}{121,680}}}
4.5385
59 13 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {59}{13}}}
2.8681
413 144 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {413}{144}}}
2.0609
4 , 602 2 , 233 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {4,602}{2,233}}}
1.7153
247 144 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {247}{144}}}
1.4817
14 , 573 9 , 835 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {14,573}{9,835}}}
1.2583
57 , 702 45 , 857 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {57,702}{45,857}}}
1.0000
1 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}
0.8506
34 , 692 40 , 787 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {34,692}{40,787}}}
0.6877
5 , 369 7 , 807 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {5,369}{7,807}}}
0.6319
91 144 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {91}{144}}}
Step 1.0014 1.0000 1.5824 1.3916 1.2015 1.1576 1.1776 1.2583 1.1757 1.2368 1.0883
Δ Step 1.1371 1.1583 1.0379 0.9830 0.9358 1.0703 0.9506 1.1365
Speed –0.9986 1.0000 1.5824 2.2022 2.6459 3.0629 3.6068 4.5386 5.3358 6.5993 7.1817
Δ Speed 0.9986 1.0000 0.5824 0.6198 0.4437 0.4170 0.5439 0.9317 0.7974 1.2635 0.5824
Ford 10R 60 600 N⋅m (443 lb⋅ft) · 2020 45
95
51
89
73
119
28
104
2
4
7.4157
1.7312
1.2493
Gear
Ratio
−4.8854
49 , 929 10 , 220 {\displaystyle -{\tfrac {49,929}{10,220}}}
4.7143
33 7 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {33}{7}}}
2.9969
2 , 937 980 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {2,937}{980}}}
2.1488
462 215 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {462}{215}}}
1.7690
743 420 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {743}{420}}}
1.5209
24 , 519 16 , 121 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {24,519}{16,121}}}
1.2755
1 , 419 , 198 1 , 112 , 671 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1,419,198}{1,112,671}}}
1.0000
1 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {1}{1}}}
0.8535
93 , 984 110 , 117 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {93,984}{110,117}}}
0.6890
979 1 , 421 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {979}{1,421}}}
0.6357
89 140 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {89}{140}}}
Step 1.0363 1.0000 1.5730 1.3947 1.2147 1.1631 1.1924 1.2755 1.1717 1.2389 1.0837
Δ Step 1.1279 1.1482 1.0443 0.9754 0.9349 1.0886 0.9458 1.1431
Speed –0.9650 1.0000 1.5730 2.1979 2.6648 3.0996 3.6961 4.7143 5.5235 6.8143 7.4157
Δ Speed 0.9650 1.0000 0.5730 0.6208 0.4710 0.4347 0.5965 1.0182 0.8092 1.3192 0.5730
Ratio
R & Even
i R = R 2 R 3 ( S 4 + R 4 ) S 3 S 4 ( S 2 + R 2 ) {\displaystyle i_{R}=-{\tfrac {R_{2}R_{3}(S_{4}+R_{4})}{S_{3}S_{4}(S_{2}+R_{2})}}} R 2 ( S 4 + R 4 ) S 4 ( S 2 + R 2 ) {\displaystyle {\tfrac {R_{2}(S_{4}+R_{4})}{S_{4}(S_{2}+R_{2})}}} 1 + S 2 R 1 S 1 ( S 2 + R 2 ) {\displaystyle 1+{\tfrac {S_{2}R_{1}}{S_{1}(S_{2}+R_{2})}}} ( S 1 R 2 ( S 3 + R 3 ) + S 2 S 3 ( S 1 + R 1 ) ) ( S 4 + R 4 ) ( S 1 R 2 ( S 3 + R 3 ) + S 1 S 2 S 3 ) ( S 4 + R 4 ) + R 1 S 2 S 3 S 4 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {(S_{1}R_{2}(S_{3}+R_{3})+S_{2}S_{3}(S_{1}+R_{1}))(S_{4}+R_{4})}{(S_{1}R_{2}(S_{3}+R_{3})+S_{1}S_{2}S_{3})(S_{4}+R_{4})+R_{1}S_{2}S_{3}S_{4}}}} R 2 ( S 3 + R 3 ) ( S 4 + R 4 ) R 2 ( S 3 + R 3 ) ( S 4 + R 4 ) + S 2 S 3 R 4 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {R_{2}(S_{3}+R_{3})(S_{4}+R_{4})}{R_{2}(S_{3}+R_{3})(S_{4}+R_{4})+S_{2}S_{3}R_{4}}}} R 2 S 2 + R 2 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {R_{2}}{S_{2}+R_{2}}}}
Ratio
Odd
i 1 = S 4 + R 4 S 4 {\displaystyle i_{1}={\tfrac {S_{4}+R_{4}}{S_{4}}}} ( S 1 + R 1 ) ( S 4 + R 4 ) S 1 ( S 4 + R 4 ) + S 4 R 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {(S_{1}+R_{1})(S_{4}+R_{4})}{S_{1}(S_{4}+R_{4})+S_{4}R_{1}}}} ( S 1 ( S 2 + R 2 ) + R 1 S 2 ) ( S 4 + R 4 ) S 1 ( S 2 + R 2 ) ( S 4 + R 4 ) + R 1 S 2 S 4 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {(S_{1}(S_{2}+R_{2})+R_{1}S_{2})(S_{4}+R_{4})}{S_{1}(S_{2}+R_{2})(S_{4}+R_{4})+R_{1}S_{2}S_{4}}}} i 7 = 1 1 {\displaystyle i_{7}={\tfrac {1}{1}}} i 9 = R 2 ( S 4 + R 4 ) R 2 ( S 4 + R 4 ) + S 2 R 4 {\displaystyle i_{9}={\tfrac {R_{2}(S_{4}+R_{4})}{R_{2}(S_{4}+R_{4})+S_{2}R_{4}}}}
Algebra And Actuated Shift Elements
Brake A
Brake B
Clutch C
Clutch D (❶)
Clutch E
Clutch F
  1. Layout
    • Input and output are on opposite sides
    • Planetary gearset 1 is on the input (turbine) side
    • Input shafts are C2 (planetary gear carrier of gearset 2) and, if actuated, R3 and S4
    • Output shaft is C4 (planetary gear carrier of gearset 4)
  2. Total Ratio Span (Total Ratio Spread · Total Gear Ratio)
    • i n i 1 {\displaystyle {\tfrac {i_{n}}{i_{1}}}}
    • A wider span enables the
      • downspeeding when driving outside the city limits
      • increase the climbing ability
        • when driving over mountain passes or off-road
        • or when towing a trailer
  3. Ratio Span's Center
    • ( i n i 1 ) 1 2 {\displaystyle (i_{n}i_{1})^{\tfrac {1}{2}}}
    • The center indicates the speed level of the transmission
    • Together with the final drive ratio
    • it gives the shaft speed level of the vehicle
  4. Average Gear Step
    • ( i n i 1 ) 1 n 1 {\displaystyle ({\tfrac {i_{n}}{i_{1}}})^{\tfrac {1}{n-1}}}
    • With decreasing step width
      • the gears connect better to each other
      • shifting comfort increases
  5. Sun 1: sun gear of gearset 1
  6. Ring 1: ring gear of gearset 1
  7. Sun 2: sun gear of gearset 2
  8. Ring 2: ring gear of gearset 2
  9. Sun 3: sun gear of gearset 3
  10. Ring 3: ring gear of gearset 3
  11. Sun 4: sun gear of gearset 4
  12. Ring 4: ring gear of gearset 4
  13. ^ Standard 50:50
    — 50 % Is Above And 50 % Is Below The Average Gear Step —
    • With steadily decreasing gear steps (yellow highlighted line Step)
    • and a particularly large step from 1st to 2nd gear
      • the lower half of the gear steps (between the small gears; rounded down, here the first 4) is always larger
      • and the upper half of the gear steps (between the large gears; rounded up, here the last 5) is always smaller
    • than the average gear step (cell highlighted yellow two rows above on the far right)
    • lower half: smaller gear steps are a waste of possible ratios (red bold)
    • upper half: larger gear steps are unsatisfactory (red bold)
  14. Standard R:1
    — Reverse And 1st Gear Have The Same Ratio —
    • The ideal reverse gear has the same transmission ratio as 1st gear
      • no impairment when maneuvering
      • especially when towing a trailer
      • a torque converter can only partially compensate for this deficiency
    • Plus 11.11 % minus 10 % compared to 1st gear is good
    • Plus 25 % minus 20 % is acceptable (red)
    • Above this is unsatisfactory (bold)
  15. Standard 1:2
    — Gear Step 1st To 2nd Gear As Small As Possible —
    • With continuously decreasing gear steps (yellow marked line Step)
    • the largest gear step is the one from 1st to 2nd gear, which
      • for a good speed connection and
      • a smooth gear shift
    • must be as small as possible
      • A gear ratio of up to 1.6667:1 (5:3) is good
      • Up to 1.7500:1 (7:4) is acceptable (red)
      • Above is unsatisfactory (bold)
  16. ^ From large to small gears (from right to left)
  17. ^ Standard STEP
    — From Large To Small Gears: Steady And Progressive Increase In Gear Steps —
    • Gear steps should
      • increase: Δ Step (first green highlighted line Δ Step) is always greater than 1
      • As progressive as possible: Δ Step is always greater than the previous step
    • Not progressively increasing is acceptable (red)
    • Not increasing is unsatisfactory (bold)
  18. ^ Standard SPEED
    — From Small To Large Gears: Steady Increase In Shaft Speed Difference —
    • Shaft speed differences should
      • increase: Δ Shaft Speed (second line marked in green Δ (Shaft) Speed) is always greater than the previous one
    • 1 difference smaller than the previous one is acceptable (red)
    • 2 consecutive ones are a waste of possible ratios (bold)
  19. Permanently coupled elements
    • S1 and S2
    • C1 (carrier 1) and R4
    • R2 and S3
    • R3 and S4
  20. Blocks s1
  21. Blocks R1
  22. Couples R2 and S3 with the dedicated intermediate shaft
  23. Couples C3 (carrier 3) with the dedicated intermediate shaft
  24. Couples R3 and S4 with the input shaft
  25. Couples C1 (carrier 1) and R4 with the dedicated intermediate shaft

Applications

Ford

10R 60

10R 80 MHT

10R 80

10R 140

General Motors

Source

10L 60

10L 80 MF6

10L 90 MX0

10L 1000 (Allison) MGM · MGU

Lawsuits

At least five class action lawsuits have been filed regarding vehicles equipped with Ford's 10R 80 transmission. Several have since been consolidated to a single case being heard in Illinois. The lawsuits allege safety issues due to harsh and erratic shifting, which causes jerking, lunging, clunking and hesitation between gears. At least one case also cites sudden loss of power due to transmission issues. It is also alleged that Ford is aware of these issues and has not sufficiently fixed them, and has told consumers the behavior of the transmission is normal.

McCabe v. Ford Motor Company cites 38 different NHTSA complaints regarding the 10R 80 transmission. The complaints encompass the 2019–2022 Ford Ranger, 2018–2021 Ford Expedition, 2018–2022 Ford Mustang, 2018–2021 Lincoln Navigator, and 2021 Ford F-150.

Some of the lawsuits have been dismissed or partially dismissed. As of October 2023, at least one of these lawsuits is still ongoing.

References

  1. "Ford and GM finally consummate 9- and 10-speed joint development - SAE International". articles.sae.org. Archived from the original on 2018-03-25. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
  2. "Timur Apakidze · Exclusive: An Inside Look At Ford's New 10 Speed Transmission". TTAC · The Truth About Cars. 2014-12-01. Retrieved 2018-03-24.
  3. Martinez, Michael (20 April 2018). "No thanks, Ford says to 9-speed offered by GM". Automotive News. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  4. Tracy, David (23 April 2018). "Why Ford Isn't Using GM's Nine-Speed Automatic Transmission". Jalopnik. Retrieved 8 July 2019.
  5. Ford 10R80, GM 10L80 10 Speed Transmission - 10R80, 10L80 10 Speed Automatic Transmission Specs
  6. Game of chicken: GM bets on Mexican-made pickup trucks
  7. "New Programs Update May 2017". @FordOnline. Ford. Retrieved 10 March 2019.
  8. "Holy Shift! A Look inside GM's new 10-Speed Automatic - Advanced design, GM control system support capability, enhanced efficiency". Retrieved 16 July 2019.
  9. "F150Hub: Ford 10R80 Automatic Transmission Specs, Ratios". Retrieved 15 July 2019.
  10. ^ "Timur Apakidze · Saturation Dive: Ford 10 Speed Transmission Power Flow". TTAC · The Truth About Cars. 2014-12-23. Retrieved 2024-01-25.
  11. "F450-XL Hub: Ford 10R140 Automatic Transmission Specs 2020, Ratios". Retrieved 5 June 2020.
  12. "GMC Sierra HD Specs 2020, Ratios". Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  13. "Ford Explorer Specs 2020, Ratios" (PDF). Retrieved 18 June 2023.
  14. "GM Global Propulsion Systems – USA Information Guide Model Year 2018" (PDF). General Motors Powertrain. Retrieved 6 February 2019.
  15. https://web.archive.org/web/20230512213219/https://i.imgur.com/S9il0A8.png
  16. https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/FordCA.pdf. Smith v. Ford Motor Company. Case 5:20-cv-00211. Document 1. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  17. ^ https://www.classaction.org/media/mccabe-v-ford-motor-company.pdf. McCabe v. Ford Motor Company. Case 1:23-cv-10829. Document 1. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  18. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-paed-2_20-cv-00247/pdf/USCOURTS-paed-2_20-cv-00247-0.pdf. Orndorff v Ford Motor Company. Case 2:20-cv-00247-KSM. Document 13. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  19. ^ https://app.ediscoveryassistant.com/case_law/51364-o-connor-v-ford-motor-co. O'Connor v Ford Motor Co. Case 1:19-cv-05045. Document Filed: July 20, 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  20. https://www.classaction.org/media/o-connor-v-ford-motor-company.pdf. O'Connor v Ford Motor Co. Case 1:19-cv-05045.Document 7. Filed 8 August 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  21. Foote, Brett (17 November 2020). "FORD F-150 10R 80 TRANSMISSION LAWSUIT DISMISSED IN ILLINOIS SUPREME COURT". Ford Authority. Retrieved 27 October 2023.
  22. Foote, Brett (8 November 2021). "FORD F-150 10R80 TRANSMISSION LAWSUIT SURVIVES PARTIAL DISMISSAL". Ford Authority.

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