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Frankie and Johnnie is a 1926 play by Jack Kirkland, based on the popular American ballad. It has three acts, one setting, and a large cast. The story concerns a dance hall girl whose lover is lured away by another woman, leading to tragedy. The setting is in a St. Louis waterfront dance hall during 1849.

A. H. Woods acquired the rights to produce Frankie and Johnnie in the Spring of 1929. John D. Williams staged it, Eugene Bonner provided incidental music, and the sets were by P. Dodd Ackerman. A tryout was held at New Rochelle, New York in May 1929, with Grace Kern, Louis Heydt, and Leona Maricle as the principals. The production then moved to Chicago, where after two weeks it was shut down by the Police Commissioner.

The play remained dormant until John Morfit agreed to mount a new production, staged by Lee Elmore, with a tryout in Queens during September 1930. The principals were Ann Forrest, Frank McGlynn, Jr. and Roberta Beatty. The tryout lasted two days before it was closed down and the cast members arrested. However, a "toned-down" version of the play went ahead on Broadway at the Theatre Republic later that month, running through November 1930. The playwright, director, stage manager, and principal cast members were found guilty at a trial, and given suspended sentences.

The play was adapted for a 1936 movie of the same name.

Characters

Lead

• Frankie is the queen of Danny's dance hall girls, who falls in love with Johnnie.
• Johnnie is a riverboat gambler with country charm who has just arrived in St. Louis.
• Nellie Bly is another of Danny's dance hall girls, with an eye on Johnnie's bank roll.

Other principal roles

• The Count is the piano player in Danny's Alton House, who plays and sings the ballad.
• Danny owns the dance hall where both Frankie and Nellie Bly work.
• Lazy Ike
• Lady Lou
• Jimmie the Waiter
• A Fancy Man
• Pansy
• Lily
• Honest John Walsh
• Margy the Dove, likely soiled. This character was dropped after the Chicago closing.

Bit Players

• Dance Hall girls, gamblers, waiters

Synopsis

The play takes place at Danny's Alton House, a waterfront establishment offering dubious and dangerous pursuits, in St. Louis during 1849. Frankie is the belle of Danny's dance hall girls. Among the accessories of her trade is a .44 revolver, which she is adept at using. Johnnie is a fresh-faced young man who looks like a simple backswoodsman, but who makes his living on riverboats as a card sharp. He arrives at Danny's Alton House fresh from the riverboat Natchez, with a $13,000 bankroll won from cotton barons. He and Frankie become lovers; she sees in him the chance to escape the waterfront and go west to California. But Nellie Bly, another dance hall girl at Danny's, aims to lure Johnnie into her arms, both to get his bankroll and to spite Frankie. Nellie's enticements win; Johnnie spends generously on her, while pretending to Frankie he has lost his money. Frankie sets out to earn him more money by plying her vocation. Their friends see what is happening, and the Count makes up a song about it. Frankie finds out about Johnnie's treachery, and gives him one last gift: three rounds from her revolver. The sheriff is obliged to arrest Frankie for homicide, and she is tried and condemned. The play never resolves Johnnie's character: whether he was a sophisticate aware of the danger in betraying Frankie, or just a simple frontiersman trying to please both girls.

Original production

Background

Jack Kirkland was a St. Louis native who knew of the local Black community's tradition about the popular ballad. He was a journalist working at the New York Daily News when he met and married chorus girl Nancy Carroll in 1924. He was still writing under his own byline for the Daily News in January 1926, but by July he had been signed as a scenario writer for First National Pictures.

Kirkland started writing the play in August 1926, but wasn't able to find a producer for it. Al Woods had backed several risque productions among his many mainstream works. He was willing to take a chance on Frankie and Johnnie, and started casting it in April 1929. Woods hired John D. Williams to direct for a summer engagement in Chicago.

Cast

1929 production

A. H. Woods announced a first tryout at Hempstead, New York, but within a week it was switched to New Rochelle, New York. The two-day tryout opened at the New Rochelle Theatre on May 23, 1929. John D. Williams directed, Eugene Bonner provided incidental music, and costumes were by Mrs. Sydney Harris. Sets were designed by P. Dodd Ackerman.

The production then went to the Adelphi Theatre in Chicago, owned by Woods, opening on May 26, 1929. The reviewer for the Chicago Tribune said: "Chicago... would have been just as well off without Frankie and Johnnie. Its pretty terrible." They condemned the play as "filth", saying Diamond Lil with Mae West by comparison was "chaste". They also noted that while sets and costumes were period specific, the dialogue ran to more modern language.

Despite, or perhaps because of the review, the play continued until an ill-informed alderman took his family to view it. The City Censor, Col. Philip R. Crippen, sent an investigator, and afterwards pronounced it as "raw". The Commissioner of Police William T. Russell said on June 12, 1929, the cast would be arrested if the play was performed that evening. A compromise was reached allowing the matinee performance for June 12 to proceed, with Woods' representative Ralph Kettering dropping a stay order on the shutdown. That night, crowds swarmed the box office in vain seeking tickets; the show was closed.

Shortly after the closing, lead actress Grace Kern secretly married the company manager Charles Wendling, the brother of Claudette Colbert.

1930 tryout

Jack Kirkland found a new backer for his play in John Morfit. Although credited in some newspapers, others had Kirkland as presenting the play. Kirkland had booked the independently owned Brandt's Carlton-Jamaica Theatre in Queens for a week-long tryout, starting September 8, 1930. A local reviewer spent most of their column listing the notables at the opening, foremost of whom was Kirkland's wife Nancy Carroll. They thought both female leads, Anne Forrest and Roberta Beatty performed well, but not male lead Frank McGlynn, Jr.. They summed up the play by saying they didn't think much of it, but that it might work on Broadway.

Anne Forrest was unable to perform on the second night of the tryout, so featured player Josephine Evans took her part. Evans was thus one of three female cast members arrested, along with twelve men, when the police raided the evening show on September 10, 1930. They were held on $500 bail each, on the charge of giving an indecent show. Besides cast members, the police also arrested Jack Kirkland, and the Brandt father and son who owned the theatre. Forrest and director Lee Elmore were summoned to court two days later.

Broadway premiere and reception

Though shutdown in Queens, the Broadway premiere went ahead on September 25, 1930 at the Theatre Republic. This was the same night that Zoe Akins' The Greeks Had a Word for It premiered, a coincidence of subject noticed by the Daily News under the joint heading "Two New Dramas about Prostitutes". The reviewer for the Daily News said the play may have been "toned-down" since its encounter with the Queens police, and what remained was "determined melodrama" propelled by Anne Forrest's performance.

The New York Times critic said the play was confused in genre, presenting aspects of melodrama, farce, and burlesque, while the character of Johnnie was also a puzzle when compared to the song. They also implied Kirkland had at least three co-writers in the version given at the Republic, with nothing in it to trouble Manhattan's police. The Brooklyn Daily Eagle reviewer agreed there was now nothing in the play to alarm the law, but also expressed surprise at how much better the play was than expected. It was "effective melodrama" with Forrest largely responsible, though the comedy was "deplorable".

Forrest left the production on Saturday, October 4, 1930, to be replaced by Helen MacKellar the following Monday. MacKellar was given top billing in newspaper ads, while Forrest had had only below title billing. The production ran at the Republic until Saturday, November 15, 1930.

Trial

The attorneys for those arrested in Queens filed a motion to request a jury trial, but instead faced a three judge panel in the Queens Court of Special Sessions on November 21, 1930. They were convicted on a 2-1 verdict, with Jack Kirkland given the harshest sentence, of three months detainment in a workhouse. Kirkland and the rest were given suspended sentences, with the threat of jail time if they offended again, while their attorney prepared an appeal.

Adaptations

Film

• Frankie and Johnny (1936 film)

Notes

1. She was born in Northampton, Pennsylvania and studied dramatics at Cedar Crest College in Allentown, Pennsylvania. She had previously worked for A. H. Woods as a replacement lead in The Trial of Mary Dugan.
2. This was located at Main and Rose Streets.

References

1. Hellinger, Mark (January 8, 1928). "About Broadway". Daily News. New York, New York. p. 278 – via Newspapers.com.
2. Kirkland, Jack (January 15, 1926). "Trip By Ex-Queen Of Swindlers, 95, Stirs Fraud Ashes". Daily News. New York, New York. p. 149 – via Newspapers.com.
3. "News Graduate Writes Scenarios". Daily News. New York, New York. July 22, 1926. p. 141 – via Newspapers.com.
4. ^ "Williams To Do 'Frankie, Johnny' For A. H. Woods". Daily News. New York, New York. April 22, 1929. p. 90 – via Newspapers.com.
5. "Show Too Bad for Trenton". The New York Times. New York, New York. January 31, 1909. p. 23 – via NYTimes.com.
6. "Mayor Cuts Off an Indecent Play". The New York Times. New York, New York. May 11, 1910. p. 1 – via NYTimes.com.
7. "Rules 'Demi-Virgin' Coarsely Indecent". The New York Times. New York, New York. November 15, 1921. p. 9 – via NYTimes.com.
8. "Woods Is Casting 'Frankie & Johnny'". Daily News. New York, New York. April 17, 1929. p. 555 – via Newspapers.com.
9. ^ "Grace Stern Is Star Of Show Coming To New Rochelle". The Daily Times. Mamaroneck, New York. May 22, 1929. p. 6 – via Newspapers.com.
10. "Marriage In "Mary Dugan" Co". The New York Times. August 18, 1928. p. 12 – via NYTimes.com.
11. ^ "Woods' Latest Play To Open 2-Day Stand". The Daily Item. Mamaroneck, New York. May 22, 1929. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
12. ^ "Theater". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. May 29, 1929. p. 29 – via Newspapers.com.
13. ^ "Guilty, 'Frankie and Johnnie' Cast Escape Penalty". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. November 22, 1930. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
14. ^ "Theatre Notes". The Brooklyn Daily Times. Brooklyn, New York. October 5, 1930. p. 65 – via Newspapers.com.
15. ^ "Helen MacKellar in Frankie and Johnnie (ad)". Daily News. New York, New York. October 6, 1930. p. 295 – via Newspapers.com.
16. ""Frankie and Johnnie" At Hempstead". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. May 9, 1929. p. 42 – via Newspapers.com.
17. "Theatre Notes". Daily News. New York, New York. May 16, 1929. p. 41 – via Newspapers.com.
18. "Police Order Show Closed At Once". Waukegan News-Sun. Waukegan, Illinois. June 12, 1929. p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
19. "Chicago Morals Corrupted, Play Put Under Ban". News-Democrat. Belleville, Illinois. June 12, 1930. p. 10 – via Newspapers.com.
20. McLaughlin, Kathleen (June 13, 1929). "Frankie Can't Love Johnnie Any More on Chicago Stage". Chicago Tribune. Chicago, Illinois. p. 3 – via Newspapers.com.
21. "Protective Manager Bares Wedding to Stranded Star". Daily News. New York, New York. September 12, 1929. p. 305 – via Newspapers.com.
22. ^ C. F. F. (September 9, 1930). "Film Notables See 'Frankie and Johnnie' at Carlton Theatre". The Brooklyn Daily Times. Brooklyn, New York. p. 38 – via Newspapers.com.
23. ^ "John M. Kirkland's Play at the Republic Seems to Over-Romanticize the Famous Ditty". The New York Times. New York, New York. September 26, 1930. p. 26 – via NYTimes.com.
24. "Cast of Show Arrested". The Buffalo News. Buffalo, New York. September 11, 1930. p. 34 – via Newspapers.com.
25. "Frankie and Johnny Show Cast Held". The Brooklyn Daily Times. Brooklyn, New York. September 13, 1930. p. 31 – via Newspapers.com.
26. "Court Summons For Anne Forrest In Indecent Play". The Brooklyn Daily Times. Brooklyn, New York. September 13, 1930. p. 24 – via Newspapers.com.
27. ^ J. W. (September 26, 1930). "Frank Johnnie". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. Brooklyn, New York. p. 23 – via Newspapers.com.
28. Mantle, Burns (September 26, 1930). "'Greeks Had a Word for It', a Saga of The Kept Ladies". Daily News. New York, New York. p. 808 – via Newspapers.com.
29. ""Frankie 'n' Johnnie" Is the Sad Tale of a Prostitute". Daily News. New York, New York. September 26, 1930. p. 808 – via Newspapers.com.
30. "Helen MacKellar in "Frankie and Johnnie" (ad)". Daily News. New York, New York. November 15, 1930. p. 178 – via Newspapers.com.
31. "Want Jury Trial". Daily News. New York, New York. October 10, 1930. p. 98 – via Newspapers.com.

• 1929 plays
• American plays
• 1920s debut plays