| Fringetrees | |
|---|---|
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| Chionanthus pygmaeus | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Lamiales |
| Family: | Oleaceae |
| Tribe: | Oleeae |
| Subtribe: | Oleinae |
| Genus: | Chionanthus Royen (1753) |
| Synonyms | |
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Chionanthus (/ˌkaɪoʊˈnænθəs/), common name: fringetrees, is a genus of about 140 species of flowering plants in the family Oleaceae.
The genus has a wide distribution primarily in the tropics and subtropics, but with three species extending north into temperate regions, one (C. retusus) in eastern Asia and two (C. virginicus and C. henryae) in eastern North America. Most of the tropical species are evergreen, while the three temperate species are deciduous. Some botanists restrict Chionanthus to the deciduous, temperate species, treating the evergreen species in a separate genus Linociera, but apart from leaf persistence, there is no other consistent difference between them.
They are shrubs and small to medium-sized trees growing to 3–25 m tall. The leaves are opposite, simple. The flowers are produced in feathery panicles, with a corolla subdivided into four slender lobes; they are white, pale yellow, or tinged pink. The fruit is a drupe containing a single seed.
Species
As of January 2024, Plants of the World Online accepted the following species:
- Chionanthus abriaquiensis Fern.Alonso & Cogollo
- Chionanthus acuminatissimus (Merr.) Kiew ex de Juana
- Chionanthus acunae (Borhidi & O.Muñiz) Borhidi - Cuba
- Chionanthus adamsii Stearn - Jamaica
- Chionanthus albidiflorus Thwaites – Sri Lanka
- Chionanthus amblirrhinus P.S.Green - Thailand
- Chionanthus avilensis (Steyerm.) P.S.Green - Venezuela
- Chionanthus axillaris R.Br. – Australia (Queensland)
- Chionanthus axilliflorus (Griseb.) Stearn – Caribbean
- Chionanthus bakeri (Urb.) Stearn - Cuba
- Chionanthus balgooyanus Kiew – Sarawak
- Chionanthus beccarii (Stapf) Kiew - Sumatra
- Chionanthus brachystachys (Schltr.) P.S.Green - New Caledonia
- Chionanthus brassii (Kobuski) Kiew - Papua New Guinea
- Chionanthus bumelioides (Griseb.) Stearn - Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola
- Chionanthus callophylloides Kiew – Sarawak + Sabah
- Chionanthus callophyllus Blume – Thailand, Malaysia, Sumatra, Borneo
- Chionanthus caudifolius (Ridl.) Kiew - Peninsular Malaysia
- Chionanthus caymanensis Stearn - Cayman Islands
- Chionanthus celebicus Koord - Sulawesi
- Chionanthus chrysopetalus Cornejo ex Lombardi
- Chionanthus clementis (Quisumb. & Merr.) Kiew - Philippines
- Chionanthus colonchensis Cornejo & Bonifaz - Ecuador
- Chionanthus compactus Sw. – Caribbean
- Chionanthus coriaceus (S.Vidal) Yuen P.Yang & S.Y.Lu - Taiwan + Philippines
- Chionanthus cordulatus Koord.
- Chionanthus courtallensis Bedd.
- Chionanthus crassifolius (Mart.) P.S.Green - Brazil
- Chionanthus crispus Kiew – Sabah
- Chionanthus curvicarpus Kiew – Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines
- Chionanthus cuspidatus Blume - Borneo
- Chionanthus decipiens P.S.Green - Myanmar + Thailand
- Chionanthus densiflorus Zoll. & Moritzi - Java
- Chionanthus dictyophyllus (Urb.) Stearn - Hispaniola
- Chionanthus diversifolius Miq - Sumatra
- Chionanthus domingensis Lam. – Caribbean
- Chionanthus dussii (Krug & Urb.) Stearn - Dominica + Martinique
- Chionanthus ellipticus Blume - Java + Sumatra
- Chionanthus enerve (Steenis) Kiew - Borneo
- Chionanthus eriorachis (Kerr) P.S.Green - Thailand
- Chionanthus evenius (Stapf) Kiew – Malesia
- Chionanthus ferrugineus (Gilg) P.S.Green - Brazil
- Chionanthus filiformis (Vell.) P.S.Green - Brazil
- Chionanthus fluminensis (Miers) P.S.Green - Brazil
- Chionanthus gardneriorum Kiew
- Chionanthus gigas (Lingelsh.) Kiew - New Guinea
- Chionanthus globosus (Kiew) Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus glomeratus Blume - Sumatra
- Chionanthus grandifolius (Elmer) Kiew - Philippines
- Chionanthus greenii Lombardi - Brazil
- Chionanthus guangxiensis B.M.Miao. – Southeastern China (Guangxi).
- Chionanthus guianensis (Aubl.) Pers - Venezuela + French Guiana
- Chionanthus hahlii (Rech.) Kiew - Bismarck, Solomons, Samoa
- Chionanthus hainanensis (Merrill & Chun) B.M.Miao. – Southern China (Hainan)
- Chionanthus havilandii Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus henryae H.L.Li - USA (Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Arkansas)
- Chionanthus henryanus P.S.Green. – Southwestern China, Burma
- Chionanthus holdridgei (Camp & Monach.) Stearn – Caribbean
- Chionanthus implicatus (Rusby) P.S.Green - South America
- Chionanthus jamaicensis (Urb.) Stearn - Jamaica
- Chionanthus kajewskii (Sleumer) Kiew - Solomon Islands
- Chionanthus kinabaluensis Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus kostermansii Kiew
- Chionanthus lancifolius (Ridl.) Kiew - Peninsular Malaysia
- Chionanthus leopoldii Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus ligustrinus (Sw.) Pers. – Caribbean
- Chionanthus littoreus Miq - Sumatra
- Chionanthus longiflorus (H.L.Li) B.M.Miao. – Southwestern China (Yunnan)
- Chionanthus longipetalus (Merr.) Kiew - Sabah, Sarawak
- Chionanthus lucens Kiew – Sabah
- Chionanthus luzonicus Blume - Philippines
- Chionanthus macrobotrys (Merr.) Kiew - Sabah, Sarawak
- Chionanthus macrocarpus Blume – Indonesia, Malaysia
- Chionanthus macrothyrsus (Merr.) Soejarto & P.K.Lôc - Vietnam
- Chionanthus mala-elengi (Dennst.) P.S.Green - India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, Burma, Cambodia, Peninsular Malaysia, Andaman Islands
- Chionanthus maxwellii P.S.Green - Thailand
- Chionanthus megistocarpus Fern.Alonso & Cogollo
- Chionanthus micranthus (Mart.) Lozano & Fuertes - Brazil
- Chionanthus microbotrys (Kerr) P.S.Green - Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
- Chionanthus microstigma (Gagnep.) P.S.Green - Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
- Chionanthus minutiflorus Kurz - Burma
- Chionanthus montanus Blume - Java, Sulawesi, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
- Chionanthus nitens Koord. & Valeton - Java, Sulawesi
- Chionanthus nitidus (Merr.) Kiew - Philippines
- Chionanthus oblanceolatus (B.L.Rob.) P.S.Green - Mexico + Central America
- Chionanthus oblongifolius Koord. & Valeton - Java
- Chionanthus oliganthus (Merr.) Kiew - Sabah, Sarawak
- Chionanthus pachyphyllus (Merr.) Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus palustris Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus panamensis (Standl.) Stearn - Mexico, Central America
- Chionanthus parkinsonii (Hutch.) Bennet & Raizada - Thailand, Vietnam, Andaman & Nicobar Islands
- Chionanthus parviflorus Cornejo, Lombardi & W.W.Thomas
- Chionanthus pedunculatus P.S.Green - New Caledonia
- Chionanthus plurifloroides Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus pluriflorus (Knobl.) Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus polycephalus Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus polygamus (Roxb.) Kiew – Indonesia, Malaysia, New Guinea
- Chionanthus porcatus Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus proctorii Stearn - Jamaica
- Chionanthus pubescens Kunth. – Ecuador, Peru
- Chionanthus pubicalyx (Ridl.) Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus purpureus Lam. - Sri Lanka
- Chionanthus pygmaeus Small (Pygmy fringetree) – Southeastern United States (Florida)
- Chionanthus pyriformis Kiew
- Chionanthus quadristamineus F.Muell. – Australia (Lord Howe Island endemic)
- Chionanthus racemosus (Merr.) Kiew & Pelser
- Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxburgh – Australia (Queensland), southern China, India, Nepal, Vietnam
- Chionanthus remotinervius (Merr.) Kiew - Philippines
- Chionanthus retusus Lindley & Paxton (Chinese fringetree) – China, Japan, Korea
- Chionanthus riparius (Lingelsh.) Kiew - New Guinea
- Chionanthus robinsonii (Gagnep.) B.H.Quang
- Chionanthus rostratus (Teijsm. & Binn.) Miq. - Java
- Chionanthus rugosus Kiew – Borneo
- Chionanthus rupicola (Lingelsh.) Kiew - Indonesia, New Guinea
- Chionanthus sabahensis Kiew – Sabah
- Chionanthus salicifolius (Lingelsh.) Kiew - New Guinea
- Chionanthus sessiliflorus (Hemsl.) Kiew - New Guinea + Solomon Islands
- Chionanthus sleumeri (C.T.White) Stearn – Australia (Queensland)
- Chionanthus sordidus Kiew
- Chionanthus spicatus Blume – Borneo
- Chionanthus spicifer (Ridl.) Kiew - Peninsular Malaysia
- Chionanthus stenurus (Merr.) Kiew - Sulawesi
- Chionanthus subcapitatus (Merr.) B.H.Quang
- Chionanthus subsessilis (Eichler) P.S.Green - Brazil
- Chionanthus sulawesicus Kiew
- Chionanthus sumatranus Blume - Sumatra + Andaman Islands
- Chionanthus sutepensis (Kerr) P.S.Green - Thailand
- Chionanthus tenuis P.S.Green - Brazil
- Chionanthus thorelii (Gagnep.) P.S.Green - Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam
- Chionanthus timorensis Blume - Timor
- Chionanthus trichotomus (Vell.) P.S.Green - Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay
- Chionanthus urbanii (Knobl.) Stearn - Hispaniola
- Chionanthus vargasii Fern.Alonso & Cogollo
- Chionanthus velutinus (Kerr) P.S.Green - Thailand
- Chionanthus verruculatus D.Fang - China (Guangxi)
- Chionanthus virginicus L. (White fringetree) – Eastern United States (Texas to Florida to Massachusetts to Missouri)
- Chionanthus vitiensis (Seem.) A.C.Sm. - Niue, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga
- Chionanthus wurdackii B.Ståhl - Peru
- Chionanthus zeylanicus L. - Sri Lanka, southern India
- Chionanthus zollingerianus Koord. & Valeton - Java
References
- ^ Chionanthus Royen. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 29 November 2023.
- ^ Flora of China v 15 p 293, genus Chionanthus
Cited works
- Chang, Mei-chen; Chiu, Lien-ching; Wei, Zhi; Green, Peter S. (2008) . "Oleaceae; Chionanthus". In Wu, Z. Y.; Raven, P. H. (eds.). Flora of China. Vol. 15 (Myrsinaceae through Loganiaceae). Beijing and St. Louis, MO: Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press. Retrieved 26 June 2013 – via eFloras.
- Green, P. S. (1994). "Chionanthus". In Wilson, A. J. G. (ed.). Flora of Australia: Volume 49: Oceanic Islands 1: Lord Howe Island, Norfolk Island (online version). Flora of Australia series. CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study. p. 329. ISBN 978-0-644-29385-3. Retrieved 26 June 2013.
- F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Home". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. Retrieved 21 June 2021.
External links
| Taxon identifiers | |
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| Chionanthus |
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