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Fujiwara no Hidesato

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Samurai of mid-Heian period
Fujiwara no Hidesato depicted in an 1890 print by Yoshitoshi
In this Japanese name, the surname is Fujiwara.

Fujiwara no Hidesato (藤原 秀郷) was a Japanese aristocrat, courtier, folk hero and samurai lord of the tenth century in the Heian period. He is famous for his military exploits and courage, and is regarded as the common ancestor of numerous clans, including the Ōshū branch of the Fujiwara clan.

Hidesato served under Emperor Suzaku, and fought alongside Taira no Sadamori in 940 in suppressing the revolt of Taira no Masakado. His prayer for victory before this battle is commemorated in the Kachiya Festival. Hidesato was then appointed Chinjufu shōgun (Defender of the North) and Governor of Shimotsuke Province.

According to legend, he slayed a giant centipede in Ōmi Province that plagued the Dragon Palace. He was also nicknamed Tawara Tōda.

Hidesato in legend

Legend monument for his exploit of slaying the giant centipede at Seta no Karahashi [Wikidata] Further information: The Tale of Tawara Tōda

Hidesato, also known by the moniker Tawara Tōda or Tawara no Tōta, is known in legend for his exploit of slaying the giant centipede (mukade) of Mount Mikami. Hidesato was recruited to this task by a giant dragon-snake which was, in fact, a resident of the Ryūgū-jō (Dragon Palace). Hidesato meets the Dragon King and is showered with rewards, which included an inexhaustible rice-sack (tawara [ja]), from which he allegedly earned his nickname. A more rational explanation is that Tawara, also written differently as "田原", represents either a surname or a place name.

This centipede story, The Tale of Tawara Tōda, together with a romanticized account of his Masakado expedition comprise the Tawara Tōda Monogatari. The monogatari texts have been copied and printed profusely in picture scrolls and illustrated books throughout the Edo Period.

Legendary arms

See also: The Tale of Tawara Tōda § Other attestations

The Ise Shrine's Jingū Chōkokan Museum [ja] houses two swords that allegedly once belonged to Hidesato.

One is the Kenukigata tachi (Ise) [ja], a tachi of the kenukigata [ja] or "tweezer" type. According to tradition, it was the sword obtained by Hidesato from the Dragon Palace, which later became an heirloom of the Akahori clan [ja]. After changing hands several times, it came into the possession of the shrine in 1793. Although the Hidesato provenance is unverifiable, this sword is dated to be of the correct period. The other alleged Hidesato sword at the museum is called Mukadegiri [ja] "Centipede-cutter". Although its inscriptions claim it to be the work of the swordsmith Shinsoku (神息) from the 8th century, the sword has been dated to the 14th century.

There is also another "tweezer" type sword alleged to have belonged to Hidesato held in Chikubu Island, the Kenukigata tachi (Hōgon-ji) [ja].

Genealogy

  • Father: Fujiwara no Murao (藤原村雄)
  • Mother: daughter of Shimatsuke-no-jō no Kashima (下野掾鹿島女)
    • Wife: daughter of Minamoto no Michi (源通) of the Board of Chamberlains (侍従).
      • Son: Fujiwara no Chitsune (藤原千常)
    • Children by unknown mother:
      • Son: Fujiwara no Chitoki (藤原千時)
      • Son: Fujiwara no Chiharu (藤原千晴)
      • Son: Fujiwara no Chikuni (藤原千国)
      • Son: Fujiwara no Chigusa (藤原千種)
      • Daughter Hintia no Chigusa (藤原千種)

Descendants

Many samurai clans claim descent from Hidesato, including the Northern Fujiwara (Ōshū branch of the Fujiwara clan). Some of the others are the Satō [ja], Ōtomo, Mutō [ja], Satō [ja], Iga, Hatano [ja; fr], Oyama [ja; de], Yūki and Shimokōbe clans.

See also

Explanatory notes

  1. Called "tweezer" type because there is openwork on the hilt which makes the hilt resemble a pair of tweezers.
  2. The name is Mukadegiri (蚣切) (two characters) on the carved hilt-inscription according to Shūko jusshu [ja] (1899).

References

Media related to Fujiwara no Hidesato at Wikimedia Commons

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Fujiwara family tree
Kamatari
614–669
Fuhito
659–720
NANKE branchHOKKE branchSHIKIKE branchKYŌKE branch
Muchimaro
680–737		Fusasaki
681–737		Umakai
694–737		Maro
695–737
Toyonari
704–766		Nakamaro
706–764		OtomaroNagate
714–771		Matate
715–766		Uona
721–783		Kaedemaro
723–776		Yoshitsugu
716–777		Tamaro
722–783		Momokawa
732–779		Hamanari
724–790
Tsuginawa
727–796		Korekimi
727–789		Uchimaro
756–812		Sonohito
756–819		Otsugu
774–843
Fuyutsugu
775–826
Nagara
802–826		Yoshifusa
804–872		Yoshiyo
823–900
Mototsune
836–891
Tokihira
871–909		Tadahira
880–949
Saneyori
900–970		Morosuke
909–960
Yoritada
924–989		Koretada
924–972		Yoritada
925–977		Kaneie
929–990
Michitaka
953–995		Michikane
961–995		Michinaga
966–1028
Yorimichi
992–1074		Norimichi
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Morozane
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Moromichi
1062–1099
Tadazane
1075–1162
Tadamichi
1097–1164		Yorinaga
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Konoe
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1210–1259		Takatsukasa Kanehira
1228–1294		Kujō Norizane
1211–1235		Nijō Yoshizane
1216–1271		Ichijō Sanetsune
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