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Fujiwara no Nakanari

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Fujiwara no Nakanari
藤原仲成
Born764
DiedOctober 16, 810
FamilyFujiwara Shikike
FatherFujiwara no Tanetsugu
In this Japanese name, the surname is Fujiwara.

Fujiwara no Nakanari (藤原 仲成, 764 – October 16, 810) was a Japanese noble of the early Heian period. He was the eldest son of the chūnagon Fujiwara no Tanetsugu of the Fujiwara Shikike. He reached the court rank of ju shi-i no ge (従四位下) and sangi.

Life

When Nakanari's father Tanetsugu was assassinated in 785, Nakanari was granted the rank of ju go-i no ge (従五位下) despite his youth. In Emperor Kanmu's court, he held various regional positions, as well as positions in the imperial guard and Daijō-kan. He was also promoted three times, culminating in the rank of ju shi-i no ge (従四位下) in 801.

In the court of Emperor Heizei, Nakanari's younger sister Kusuko was favored by the emperor, and Nakanari too was valued and boasted political power. Despite this, his treacherous and arbitrary actions made him unpopular. He may also have been involved in the Prince Iyo Incident of 807, in which Heizei's younger brother Prince Iyo was accused of leading a conspiracy and ultimately committed suicide, and after which Nakanari was promoted into more important positions. In 809 he was appointed as kansatsu-shi (観察使) of the Hokurikudō, a position roughly equivalent to sangi, thus joining the ranks of the kugyō.

Later that year, Heizei abdicated the throne in favor of his younger brother Emperor Saga. Nakanari and Kusuko, fearing the loss of their political influence, moved with him to Heijō-kyō and schemed for him to retake the throne, encouraging him to create an opposing court to Saga's in what became known as the Kusuko Incident. In 810, with the elimination of the kansatsu-shi system, Nakanari was moved into the equivalent rank of sangi. However, when Heizei ordered the return of the capital to Heijō-kyō that autumn, relations between the two courts worsened even further, and a few days later Nakanari was captured by Saga's side. He was confined and demoted to provisional governor of Sado Province, and the next day was executed by the archery of Ki no Kiyonari (紀清成) and Sumiyoshi no Toyotsugu (住吉豊継).

Nakanari's execution is held to be the last carried out by the central Japanese court until the Hōgen Rebellion of 1156. However, according to the scholar Masataka Uwayokote, because the method of execution used did not comply with the beheading or strangling options defined in the Yōrō Code, and because it happened after Nakanari was officially demoted, this execution may have been a personal command by the emperor rather than a formal execution under the Ritsuryō law.

Personality

According to the Nihon Kōki, Nakanari was a man of strong desires, and some of his actions were taken under the influence of alcohol. He was heedless of his personal position among his relatives, and could not be dissuaded of anything. As his sister Kusuko's influence grew, he rode higher and higher on the wave of her power, causing deep affronts to the royalty and to virtuous men.

For example, Nakanari's wife's aunt was extremely beautiful, and he approached her, but when she refused him, he tried to take her by force. The aunt escaped to the protection of Prince Sami (佐味親王), but Nakanari invaded the house where the Prince and his mother lived. Spouting abusive language, he tied her up and raped her.

When Nakanari was killed, the general opinion was that he got what was coming to him.

Genealogy

  • Father: Fujiwara no Tanetsugu
  • Mother: daughter of Awata no Michimaro (粟田道麻呂)
  • Wife: daughter of Kasae no Hito (笠江人)
  • Children:
    • Son: Fujiwara no Fujinushi (藤原藤主)

References

  1. Birth date based on reverse calculation from his age of death of 47 listed in the Sonpi Bunmyaku. The Kugyō Bunin lists this age as 37, which would mean a birth year of 774 instead.
  2. Frédéric, Louis (2002). Japan Encyclopedia. Harvard University Press. p. 207. ISBN 0674017536.
  3. "Daidō Year 5, Month 9, Day 11". Nihon Kōki.
  4. Son listed in the Sonpi Bunmyaku. Those punished for the Kusuko Incident were pardoned on the 9th day of the 6th month of Tenchō 10 and those exiled were brought back to nearby provinces. A week later, Fujiwara no Fujinushi, Naganushi, and Yamanushi were all recalled from Buzen Province to Bizen Province, and so it may be surmised that Naganushi and Yamanushi were likewise Nakanari's children.
Fujiwara family tree
Kamatari
614–669
Fuhito
659–720
NANKE branchHOKKE branchSHIKIKE branchKYŌKE branch
Muchimaro
680–737		Fusasaki
681–737		Umakai
694–737		Maro
695–737
Toyonari
704–766		Nakamaro
706–764		OtomaroNagate
714–771		Matate
715–766		Uona
721–783		Kaedemaro
723–776		Yoshitsugu
716–777		Tamaro
722–783		Momokawa
732–779		Hamanari
724–790
Tsuginawa
727–796		Korekimi
727–789		Uchimaro
756–812		Sonohito
756–819		Otsugu
774–843
Fuyutsugu
775–826
Nagara
802–826		Yoshifusa
804–872		Yoshiyo
823–900
Mototsune
836–891
Tokihira
871–909		Tadahira
880–949
Saneyori
900–970		Morosuke
909–960
Yoritada
924–989		Koretada
924–972		Yoritada
925–977		Kaneie
929–990
Michitaka
953–995		Michikane
961–995		Michinaga
966–1028
Yorimichi
992–1074		Norimichi
996–1075
Morozane
1042–1101
Moromichi
1062–1099
Tadazane
1075–1162
Tadamichi
1097–1164		Yorinaga
1120–1156
Konoe
Family		Matsudono
Family		Kujō
Family
Konoe Motozane
1143–1166		Matsudono Motofusa
1144?–1231		Kujō Kanezane
1149–1207
Konoe Motomichi
1160–1233		Matsudono Moroie
1172–1238		Kujō Yoshitsune
1169–1206
Konoe Iezane
1179–1242		Kujō Michiie
1193–1252
Takatsukasa
Family		Nijō
Family		Ichijō
Family
Konoe Kanetsune
1210–1259		Takatsukasa Kanehira
1228–1294		Kujō Norizane
1211–1235		Nijō Yoshizane
1216–1271		Ichijō Sanetsune
1223–1284
Notes
  1. ^ Brinkley, Frank and Dairoku Kikuchi. (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the End of the Meiji Era. New York: Encyclopædia Britannica. OCLC 413099
  2. ^ Kanai, Madoka; Nitta, Hideharu; Yamagiwa, Joseph Koshimi (1966). A topical history of Japan. Sub-Committee on Far Eastern Language Instruction of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation. p. 6.
  3. ^ Brown, Delmer M. (1988). The Cambridge History of Japan: Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521223522.
  4. ^ 平城宮兵部省跡. 奈良文化財研究所. 2005. p. 168.
  5. Yoshikawa, Toshiko (2006). 仲麻呂政権と藤原永手・八束（真楯）・千尋（御楯）. Hanawa Shobō (塙書房). ISBN 978-4-8273-1201-0.
  6. Tyler, Royall (1993). The Book of the Great Practice: The Life of the Mt. Fuji Ascetic Kakugyō Tōbutsu Kū (PDF). Asian Folklore Studies. p. 324.
  7. Yoneda, Yūsuke (2002). 藤原摂関家の誕生. 吉川弘文館. p. 139.
  8. Nakagawa, Osamu (1991). "藤原良継の変" [The Rise of Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu]. 奈良朝政治史の研究 [Political History of the Nara Period] (in Japanese). Takashina Shoten (高科書店).
  9. Kimoto, Yoshinobu (1998). 藤原式家官人の考察. 高科書店. p. 47. ISBN 978-4-87294-923-0.
  10. Takemitsu, Makoto (2013). 日本史の影の主役藤原氏の正体: 鎌足から続く1400年の歴史. PHP研究所. p. 103. ISBN 978-4569761046.
  11. http://www.asahi-net.or.jp/~sg2h-ymst/hamanari.html
  12. ^ Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). In Japan Encyclopedia at Google Books; Brinkley, Frank et al. (1915).
  13. Kimoto, Yoshinobu (2004). "『牛屋大臣』藤原是公について" [On "Ushiya-Daijin" Fujiwara no Korekimi]. 奈良時代の藤原氏と諸氏族 [The Fujiwara Clan and Other Clans of the Nara Period] (in Japanese). Ohfu.
  14. Kurihara, Hiromu. 藤原内麿家族について [The Family of Fujiwara no Uchimaro]. Japanese History (日本歴史) (in Japanese) (511).
  15. Kurihara, Hiromu (2008). "藤原冬嗣家族について" [Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu's Family]. 平安前期の家族と親族 [Family and Relatives During the Early Heian Period] (in Japanese). Azekura Shobo (校倉書房). ISBN 978-4-7517-3940-2.
  16. ^ 公卿補任 [Kugyō Bunin] (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1982.
  17. Kitayama, Shigeo (1973). 日本の歴史4 平安京 [History of Japan IV: Heian-kyō] (in Japanese). Chūkō Bunko (中公文庫). p. 242.
  18. 日本古代氏族人名辞典（普及版） [Dictionary of Names from Ancient Japanese Clans (Trade Version)] (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 2010. ISBN 978-4-642-01458-8.
  19. ^ Nobuyoshi, Yamamoto (2003). 摂関政治史論考 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). ISBN 978-4-642-02394-8.
  20. Haruo, Sasayama (2003). "藤原兼通の政権獲得過程". 日本律令制の展開 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). ISBN 978-4-642-02393-1.
  21. Frederic, Louis (2002). "Japan Encyclopedia." Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  22. ^ Papinot, Edmond (1910). Historical and geographical dictionary of Japan. Tokyo: Librarie Sansaisha.
  23. Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979). Gukanshō: The Future and the Past. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-03460-0; OCLC 251325323
  24. Varley, Paul (2000). Japanese Culture. Fourth Edition. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai'i Press.
  25. Uejima, Susumu (2010). "日本中世社会の形成と王権". 中世庄園制の形成過程―〈立庄〉再考 (in Japanese). The University of Nagoya Press. ISBN 978-4-8158-0635-4.
  26. Owada, Tetsuo (2003). 日本史諸家系図人名辞典 (in Japanese). Kodansha. ISBN 978-4062115780.
  27. "卷之一百四十二 列傳第六十九". 大日本史 (in Japanese). 1715.
  28. Kimoto, Yoshinobu (2000). "後二条師通記と藤原師通". 平安朝官人と記録の研究―日記逸文にあらわれたる平安公卿の世界 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4273031565.
  29. Araki, Hiroshi (2009). "中世の皇統迭立と文学形成 1院政期から中世への視界 坂上の宝剣と壺切―談話録に見る皇統・儀礼の古代と中世―". 皇統迭立と文学形成 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4-7576-0513-8.
  30. ^ Sansom, George (1958). A history of Japan to 1334. Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804705232.
  31. "The World Turned Upside Down" translated by Kathe Roth, p. 27
  32. Yamada, Akiko (2010). 中世前期女性院宮の研究 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4784214969.
  33. ^ Natanabe, Naohiko (1994). 古代史論叢 (in Japanese). ISBN 978-4797106558.
  34. ^ "藤原北家．近衛". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 57.
  35. ^ "藤原北家．九条". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 77.
  36. "藤原北家．近衛". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 65.
  37. Jinson . 大乗院日記目録.
  38. "藤原北家．九条". 尊卑分脈 (in Japanese). Yoshikawa Kōbunkan (吉川弘文館). 1904. p. 80.
  39. ネケト. 二条家（摂家） (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2004-08-15. Retrieved 2007-09-09.
  40. ネケト. 一条家（摂家） (in Japanese). Retrieved 2007-08-18.
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