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GRB 011211

Event type	Gamma-ray burst
Constellation	Crater
Right ascension	168 49 4.8
Declination	−21° 55′ 44.4″
Redshift	2.14 ±0.01, 2.14
Total energy output	5×10 ergs
Other designations	GRB 011211
[edit on Wikidata]

GRB 011211 was a gamma-ray burst (GRB) detected on December 11, 2001. A gamma-ray burst is a highly luminous flash associated with an explosion in a distant galaxy and producing gamma rays, the most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation, and often followed by a longer-lived "afterglow" emitted at longer wavelengths (X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, infrared, and radio).

Observations

GRB 011211 was detected by the Italian–Dutch X-ray astronomy satellite BeppoSAX on 11 December 2001 at 19:09 UTC. The burst lasted 270 seconds, making it the longest burst that had ever been detected by BeppoSAX up to that point. A spectrum recorded by the Yepun telescope indicated a redshift of z = 2.14.

Supernova relation

A team of researchers at the University of Leicester conducted an analysis of the burst's X-ray afterglow with the XMM-Newton observatory. They found evidence for emission lines of magnesium, silicon, sulphur, and various other chemical elements. This was the first detection of these elements in the spectrum of a GRB. These observations provided strong evidence for a relation between gamma-ray bursts and supernova. However, other astronomers pointed out flaws in the methodology of the Leicester research team, such as the data reduction methods, the low statistical significance of the emission lines, and the low spectral resolution of the instrument used. Despite a follow-up paper from the Leicester team to address these concerns, the findings remained controversial, and GRB 020813 was given the distinction of being the first burst with direct evidence of a supernova relation.

Host galaxy

Optical, infrared, and X-ray observations taken by the Hubble Space Telescope between 14 and 59 days after the burst's detection revealed a blue galaxy with an apparent magnitude of 24.95 ± 0.11. Like several other gamma-ray burst hosts, Lyman alpha emission was detected from this galaxy, supporting the theory that the progenitors of gamma-ray burst tend to be metal-poor.

Notes

1. Gandolfi, Giangiacomo (12 December 2001). "GRB011211(=XRF011211): BeppoSAX refined positions". GCN Circulars. 1189: 1. Bibcode:2001GCN..1189....1G. Archived from the original on 31 August 2009. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
2. Gandolfi, Giangiacomo (12 December 2001). "BeppoSAX Alert: GRB011211(=XRF011211)". GCN Circulars. 1188: 1. Bibcode:2001GCN..1188....1G. Archived from the original on 31 August 2009. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
3. ^ Reeves, J. N.; et al. (4 April 2002). "The signature of supernova ejecta measured in the X-ray afterglow of the Gamma Ray Burst 011211" (PDF). Nature. 416 (6880): 512–515. arXiv:astro-ph/0204075. Bibcode:2002Natur.416..512R. doi:10.1038/416512a. PMID 11932738. S2CID 4407892. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-18.
4. Fruchter, Andrew S. (13 December 2001). "GRB 011211: Optical Spectroscopy". GCN Circulars. 1200: 1. Bibcode:2001GCN..1200....1F. Archived from the original on 4 July 2010. Retrieved 1 June 2010.
5. Osborne, Julian (5 April 2002). "XMM observation of gamma ray burst shows supernova connection". University of Leicester. Archived from the original on 3 May 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
6. Borozdin, Konstantin N.; Trudolyubov, Sergey P. (1 February 2003). "Observations of the X-Ray Afterglows of GRB 011211 and GRB 001025 by XMM-Newton". The Astrophysical Journal. 583 (2): L57 – L61. arXiv:astro-ph/0205208. Bibcode:2003ApJ...583L..57B. doi:10.1086/368102. S2CID 6384366.
7. Rutledge, Robert E.; Sako, Masao (20 February 2003). "Statistical Re-examination of Reported Emission Lines in the X-ray Afterglow of GRB 011211". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 339 (3): 600–606. arXiv:astro-ph/0206073. Bibcode:2003MNRAS.339..600R. doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06051.x. S2CID 16358800.
8. Butler, Nathaniel R.; et al. (10 November 2003). "The X-ray Afterglows of GRB 020813 and GRB 021004 with CHANDRA HETGS: Possible Evidence for a Supernova Prior to GRB 020813". The Astrophysical Journal. 597 (2): 1010–1016. arXiv:astro-ph/0303539. Bibcode:2003ApJ...597.1010B. doi:10.1086/378511. S2CID 6171688.
9. Reeves, J. N.; et al. (4 May 2003). "Soft X-ray emission lines in the afterglow spectrum of GRB 011211: A detailed XMM-Newton analysis". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 403 (2): 463–472. arXiv:astro-ph/0206480. Bibcode:2003A&A...403..463R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030204. S2CID 15558165.
10. "Cosmic Forensics Confirms Gamma-Ray Burst And Supernova Connection" (Press release). NASA. 24 March 2003. Archived from the original on 5 July 2010. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
11. Fazekas, Andrew (2 April 2003). "Supernova is 'smoking gun' in gamma-ray-burst whodunit". Astronomy. Archived from the original on 7 July 2007. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
12. Jakobsson, P.; et al. (10 July 2003). "The Afterglow and Host Galaxy of GRB 011211". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 408 (3): 941–947. arXiv:astro-ph/0307222. Bibcode:2003A&A...408..941J. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20031044. S2CID 14584835.
13. Fynbo, J. P. U.; et al. (19 June 2003). "On the Ly α emission from gamma-ray burst host galaxies: Evidence for low metallicities". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 406 (3): L63 – L66. arXiv:astro-ph/0306403. Bibcode:2003A&A...406L..63F. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20030931. S2CID 64549.

v t e Constellation of Crater
List of stars in Crater Crater in Chinese astronomy
Stars	Bayer α (Alkes) β γ δ ε ζ η θ ι κ λ ψ Variable R SZ TV HR 4305 4428 HD 96167 98219 (Hunahpú) 98649 Other BD−10°3166 DENIS-P J1058.7−1548 LP 791-18 WASP-34 (Amansinaya) WD 1054–226
Exoplanets BD-10°3166 b HD 96167 b WASP-31b
Galaxies	NGC 3511 3597 3974 3981 Other Crater 2 1ES 1101-232 LEDA 1000714 PKS 1127-145 RX J1131-1231
Galaxy clusters Abell 1146 NGC 4038 Group
Astronomical events GRB 011211
Category

• Long-duration gamma-ray bursts
• Astronomical objects discovered in 2001
• December 2001 events
• Crater (constellation)