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Geography of Timor-Leste

Continent	Asia
Region	Southeast Asia Lesser Sunda Islands
Coordinates	8°50′S 125°55′E / 8.833°S 125.917°E / -8.833; 125.917
Area	Ranked 154th
• Total	14,919 km (5,760 sq mi)
• Land	100%
• Water	0%
Coastline	706 km (439 mi)
Borders	Indonesia: 253 km (157 mi)
Highest point	Tatamailau (2,963 m or 9,721 ft)
Lowest point	Timor Sea, Savu Sea, and Banda Sea 0 m (0 ft)
Longest river	Loes River 80 km (50 mi)
Largest lake	Ira Lalaro 1.9 km (1 sq mi)
Climate	Tropical
Terrain	Mountainous and rugged
Natural resources	Gold, petroleum, natural gas, manganese, marble
Natural hazards	Landslides are common; earthquakes; and tsunamis.
Environmental issues	deforestation and soil erosion
Exclusive economic zone	70,326 km (27,153 sq mi)

Timor-Leste includes the mountainous eastern half of Timor, the Ocussi-Ambeno region on the northwest portion of the island of Timor, and the islands of Atauro and Jaco. The country is located northwest of Australia in the Lesser Sunda Islands at the eastern end of the Indonesian Archipelago. 'Timor' is a Portuguese derivation of 'Timor', the Malay word for "Orient"; the island of Timor is part of the Malay Archipelago and is the largest and easternmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands. Timor-Leste is the only Asian nation to lie entirely within the Southern Hemisphere. The Loes River is the longest with a length of 80 km (50 mi). This river system covers an area of 2,184 km (843 sq mi). It is a small country with a land size of 14,919 km (5,760 sq mi). The exclusive economic zone is 70,326 km (27,153 sq mi).

Statistics

Area

• Total: 14,874 km
• Land: 14,874 km
• Water: 0 km

Land boundaries

• Total: 2,538 km (1,577 mi)
• Border countries: Indonesia (253 km or 157 mi)

Coastline

706 km (439 mi)

Maritime claims

• Territorial sea: 12 nmi
• Contiguous zone: 24 nmo
• Exclusive economic zone: 70,326 km (27,153 sq mi) and 200 nmi

Elevation extremes

• Lowest point: Timor Sea, Savu Sea, and Banda Sea 0 m
• Highest point: Tatamailau (2,963 m or 9,721 ft)

Natural resources

Gold, petroleum, natural gas, manganese, marble

Land use

• Arable land: 10.1%
• Permanent crops: 4.9%
• Permanent pasture: 10.1%
• Forest: 49.1%
• Other: 25.8% (2011)

Irrigated land

346.5 km (134 sq mi) (2003)

Climate

The islands have a tropical savanna climate, bordering on a tropical monsoon climate; hot and humid with distinct rainy and dry seasons. Tropical cyclones do occur along with floods.

Environment

Natural hazards

Landslides are common; earthquakes; and tsunamis.

Environment - current issues

Widespread use of slash and burn agriculture has led to deforestation and soil erosion.

Environment - international agreements

Biodiversity, climate change, climate change-Kyoto Protocol, desertification

References

1. Exclusive Economic Zones – Sea Around Us Project – Fisheries, Ecosystems & Biodiversity – Data and Visualization.
2. "Klimatafel von Díli, Insel Timor / Ost-Timor" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 29 January 2016.

• Much of the material in this article is adapted from the CIA World Factbook 2000 and 2012.

Further reading

• Crosby, Michael J (2007). Important Bird Areas in Timor-Leste. BirdLife International. ISBN 9780946888597.
• Kaiser, Hinrich; Carvalho, Venancio Lopes; Ceballos, Jester; Freed, Paul; Heacox, Scott; Lester, Barbara; Richards, Stephen J.; Trainor, Colin R.; Sanchez, Caitlin; O’Shea, Mark (20 June 2011). "The herpetofauna of Timor-Leste: a first report". ZooKeys (109): 19–86. doi:10.3897/zookeys.109.1439. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 3118819. PMID 21852932.
• Kaiser, Hinrich; Sanchez, Caitlin; Heacox, Scott; Kathriner, Andrew; Ribeiro, Agivedo Varela; Soares, Zito Afranio; Araujo, Luis Lemos de; Mecke, Sven; O’Shea, Mark (1 August 2013). "First report on the herpetofauna of Ataúro Island, Timor Leste". Check List. 9 (4): 752–762. doi:10.15560/9.4.752. ISSN 1809-127X.
• O'Shea, Mark; Sanchez, Caitlin; Kathriner, Andrew; Mecke, Sven; Carvalho, Venancio Lopes; Ribeiro, Agivedo Varela; Soares, Zito Afranio; Araujo, Luis Lemos de; Kaiser, Hinrich (25 June 2015). "Herpetological Diversity of Timor-Leste: Updates and a Review of Species Distributions". Asian Herpetological Research. 6 (2): 72–131. doi:10.16373/j.cnki.ahr.140066. ISSN 2095-0357.
• Sanchez, Caitlin; Carvalho, Venancio Lopes; Kathriner, Andrew; O'Shea, Mark; Kaiser, Hinrich (January 2012). "First Report on the Herpetofauna of the Oecusse District, an Exclave of Timor-Leste". Herptology Notes. 5: 137–149.

v t e Timor-Leste articles
History	Timeline Pre-colonial Timor Portuguese rule Colonial governors Japanese invasion Japanese occupation Democratic Republic of East Timor (1975) Indonesian invasion Indonesian occupation Provisional government Province of East Timor Dili massacre 1999 referendum 1999 crisis United Nations Administered East Timor International Force UNTAET Independence Tribunals 2006 crisis 2008 crisis
Geography	Border Cities, towns and villages Municipalities Islands Timor Atauro Jaco Protected areas Rivers Administrative posts Sucos Tatamailau Wildlife Plants
Politics	Constitution Elections Foreign aid Foreign relations Human rights LGBT Law enforcement Military Parliament Political parties President Prime Minister Supreme Court of Justice United Nations mission
Economy	Agriculture Centavo coins Energy Foreign aid Poverty Telecommunications Tourism Transport
Society	Cuisine Culture Demographics Education Health care Languages Literature Music Notable people Prostitution Religion Sex trafficking Sports Smoking Symbols Anthem Coat of arms Flag
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