George Christopher Molesworth Birdwood

(Redirected from George Birdwood) Anglo-Indian official, naturalist, and writer (1832–1917)

Sir George BirdwoodKCIE CSI


1st Sheriff of Bombay
In office 1846 - 1858
Preceded by	position established
Succeeded by	Bomonji Hormusji Wadia

Personal details
Born	George Christopher Molesworth Birdwood 8 December 1832 Belgaum, Bombay Presidency, British India
Died	28 June 1917 (aged 85) Ealing, London, United Kingdom
Nationality	British Indian
Domestic partner	Frances Anne Tolcher
Parent(s)	Christopher Birdwood (father) Lydia Juliana Taylor (mother)
Alma mater	Plymouth Grammar School Edinburgh University
Occupation	Naturalist, writer
Awards	Order of the Indian Empire Order of the Star of India Legion of Honour

Sir George Christopher Molesworth Birdwood KCIE CSI LH (8 December 1832 – 28 June 1917) also known as Sir George Birdwood was an Anglo-Indian official, naturalist, and writer. He served as the first Sheriff of Bombay from 1846 to 1858.

Life

The son of General Christopher Birdwood, he was born at Belgaum, then in the Bombay Presidency, on 8 December 1832. He was educated at Plymouth Grammar School and Edinburgh University, where he took his MD degree presenting the thesis "The origin of ideas". Entering the Bombay Medical Service in 1854, he served in the Persian War of 1856-57, and subsequently became professor at the Grant Medical College, registrar of the university, curator of the museum, and sheriff at Bombay, besides acting as secretary of the Asiatic and Horticultural societies.

Birdwood interested himself also in the municipal life of Bombay, where he acquired influence and popularity. He was obliged by ill-health in 1868 to return to England, where he entered the revenue and statistics department of the India Office (1871–1902).

In the dedication to his English translation of Garcia de Orta's book, Clements Markham calls Birdwood the "Garcia da Orta of British India". He kept up his connection to India with contributions to the Indian press; and established longterm friendships with Indian princes and educated Indians. In 1846 he was selected Sheriff of Bombay In 1887 he was created a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire; and, besides being given his Doctor of Laws degree by the University of Cambridge, he was also made an officer of the Légion d'Honneur and a laureate of the French Academy.

Birdwood redesigned the Brockwood Cemetery Parsee and Zoroastrian burial ground in 1901.

While chairing the Indian Section of the annual meeting of the Royal Society of Arts in 1910, Birdwood declared that there was no "fine art" in India. When a particular statue of the Buddha was adduced as counter-example, Birdwood is said to have responded: "This senseless similitude, in its immemorial fixed pose, is nothing more than an uninspired brazen image. . . . A boiled suet pudding would serve equally well as a symbol of passionless purity and serenity of soul."

Birdwood died in Ealing on 28 June 1917.

The standard author abbreviation Birdw. is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.

Works

The Economic Vegetable Products of the Bombay Presidency (12th edition, 1868)
On the Genus Boswellia (1870)
The Industrial Arts of India (1888)
Reports on the Old Records of the India Office (1891)
The Register of Letters and of the Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies 1600-1619 (1893) with Sir William Foster
First Letter Book of the East India Company (1895)

Birdwood published on the industrial arts of India, the ancient records of the India Office, and the first letter-book of the East India Company. He encouraged Indian arts, on various aspects of which he wrote monographs, and his name was identified with the representation of India at the major International Exhibitions from 1857 to 1901. His researches on the subject of incense, became a classic.

When still young, Birdwood contributed to magazines and newspapers; in India he helped to convert the Standard into The Times of India, and edited the Bombay Saturday Review; and after his return to London he wrote for the Pall Mall, Athenaeum, Academy, and The Times; and with Thomas Chenery, the editor of The Times, and others he took the initiative (1882) in celebrating the anniversary of Lord Beaconsfield's death as Primrose Day (19 April).

Notes

Head, Raymond (1988). "Indian Crafts and Western Design from the Seventeenth Century to the Present". RSA Journal. 136 (5378): 121–122. ISSN 0958-0433. JSTOR 41374508.
^ Chisholm 1911.
Birdwood, George Christopher Molesworth (1854). "The origin of ideas". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
Clements R. Markham (1913). Colloquies on the simples and drugs of India by Garcia da Orta. London: Henry Sotheran and Co.
Dictionary of Indian Biography. p. 43.
Mark Sedgwick, Against the Modern World: Traditionalism and the Secret Intellectual History of the Twentieth Century, Oxford University Press, 2004, page 52. ISBN 978-0-19-515297-5.
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1922). "Birdwood, Sir George Christopher Molesworth". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 30 (12th ed.). London & New York: The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. pp. 456–457.
International Plant Names Index. Birdw.
Journal of Indian Art, vol. viii. The Life and Work of Sir George Birdwood
Trans. Liun. Soc. xxvii., 1871; Ency. Brit. 9th ed., Incense, 1881; revised

References

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Birdwood, Sir George Christopher Molesworth". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 979.

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