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George Ellis Pugh
United States Senator from Ohio
In office March 4, 1855 – March 3, 1861
Preceded by	Salmon P. Chase
Succeeded by	Salmon P. Chase
3rd Ohio Attorney General
In office January 12, 1852 – January 9, 1854
Governor	Reuben Wood William Medill
Preceded by	Joseph McCormick
Succeeded by	George Wythe McCook
Member of the Ohio House of Representatives from the Hamilton County district
In office December 4, 1848 – December 1, 1850Serving with Alexander Long and five others
Preceded by	four others
Succeeded by	five others
Personal details
Born	(1822-11-28)November 28, 1822 Cincinnati, Ohio
Died	July 19, 1876(1876-07-19) (aged 53) Cincinnati, Ohio
Resting place	Spring Grove Cemetery
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Theresa Chalfant
Children	three
Alma mater	Miami University

George Ellis Pugh (November 28, 1822 – July 19, 1876) was a Democratic politician from Ohio. He served in the U.S. Senate from 1855 to 1861.

Early life

Pugh was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was the son of Lot and Rachel (née Anthony) Pugh, who were married in Hamilton County, Ohio, on July 7, 1814. George had three brothers and a sister.

George Ellis Pugh descended from Ellis Pugh, Sr. (1656–1718), an early Welsh immigrant to Pennsylvania and Quaker minister who, with his wife Sinah, emigrated to Pennsylvania to escape religious persecution in 1686.

Pugh attended Miami University.

Career

He began practicing law in 1843, later serving as a captain in the 4th Ohio Regiment in the Mexican–American War. He was commended for gallantry and bravery in action at the Battle of Atlexco. After serving in the Ohio House of Representatives from 1848 to 1850, he served as State Attorney General from 1852 to 1854. Pugh served a single term in the United States Senate from 1855 to 1861, losing a re-election bid to Salmon P. Chase, whom he had replaced.

In the Senate, he became a champion of the Western Democracy, that is, Midwestern Democrats, first against the Republicans, and later against Stephen A. Douglas' opponents inside the Democratic Party. He spoke in favor of the Lecompton Constitution on March 16, 1858, but followed the instructions of the Ohio legislature in voting against that constitution.

On February 23, 1859, during the lame-duck session, Albert Gallatin Brown attacked Douglas over popular sovereignty. Douglas defended his position, and was joined by Charles E. Stuart of Michigan, David C. Broderick of California, and Pugh. Pugh said, "In the whole Dred Scott case, there was no act of a Territorial legislature before them in any shape or form." Pugh explained, "This is the first time I ever heard, in a case where nine judges pronounce their opinions seriatim, that because one of them {Roger B. Taney} in illustration collaterally makes a reference, that becomes the decision of the court." Pugh answered the demand for a federal slave code, to be imposed on all territories, in this way: "Never; while I live, never! I consider it a monstrous demand."

Pugh later had an exchange with Jefferson Davis about the difference, if any, between Douglas' Freeport Doctrine on popular sovereignty and the doctrine Davis had set forth in a speech at Portland, Maine.

Despite his loss to Republican Salmon P. Chase in his attempt to secure a second term to the Senate in 1860, Pugh would continue to vocally politically during his remaining time in office. Most notably, during the secession crisis following the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency, Pugh would be one of the most vocal voices in Congress in arguing against the use of coercion to force the seceding Southern states back into the Union. In leaving Congress, he would leave the mantle of being the leading voice for this position to fellow Ohioans Clement L. Vallandigham and George H. Pendleton in the House of Representatives.

He is best known as a member of the counsel for the defense of Clement L. Vallandigham in 1863. During the Civil War, he fell into disfavor with the citizens of Ohio because he was a Democrat and for defending Vallandigham and later in 1863, he lost the election for the office of Lieutenant Governor. He also lost in the election for Congress in 1864 and refrained from seeking public office for several years while continuing his legal profession.

He emerged to the political front again in 1873 when he was elected to become a delegate to the Ohio State Constitutional Convention but withdrew from the deliberations and declined to serve. He died in Cincinnati in 1876 when he was 53 years old.

Pugh ran for the lieutenant governorship in 1863 and the United States House of Representatives in 1864, losing both times.

Personal life

Pugh married Theresa Chalfant in 1840 and had three children, Robert Chalfont, Nina Theresa and Thomas. He became a Roman Catholic in 1855.

References

1. Don E. Fehrenbacher (1978), The Dred Scott Case, 2001 reprint, New York: Oxford, Part 2, "A Decade of Litigation", Ch. 12, "Before the Supreme Court", p. Co, ISBN 978-0-19-514588-5.
2. Don E. Fehrenbacher (1978), The Dred Scott Case, 2001 reprint, New York: Oxford, Part 3, "Consequences and Echoes", Ch. 20, "The Freeport Doctrine", p. 508, ISBN 978-0-19-514588-5.
3. Don E. Fehrenbacher (1978), The Dred Scott Case, 2001 reprint, New York: Oxford, Part 3, "Consequences and Echoes", Ch. 20, "The Freeport Doctrine", p. 510, ISBN 978-0-19-514588-5.
4. Don E. Fehrenbacher (1978), The Dred Scott Case, 2001 reprint, New York: Oxford, Part 3, "Consequences and Echoes", Ch. 20, p. 508, ISBN 978-0-19-514588-5.
5. Don E. Fehrenbacher (1978), The Dred Scott Case, 2001 reprint, New York: Oxford, "Notes", p. 707, n. 39, ISBN 978-0-19-514588-5.
6. Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "George Ellis Pugh" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

Further reading

• Don E. Fehrenbacher (1979), The Dred Scott Case: Its Significance in American Law and Politics, New York: Oxford, ISBN 0195145887 .

External links

• United States Congress. "George E. Pugh (id: P000560)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.

• "Pugh, George Ellis" . Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography. 1900.

v t e United States senators from Ohio
Class 1	Smith Meigs Worthington Kerr Ruggles Morris Tappan Corwin Ewing Wade Thurman Sherman Hanna Dick Pomerene Fess Donahey H. Burton Huffman K. Taft Bricker Young R. Taft Jr. Metzenbaum DeWine S. Brown Moreno (elect)
Class 3	Worthington Tiffin Griswold Campbell Morrow Trimble E. Brown Harrison Burnet Ewing Allen Chase Pugh Chase Sherman Matthews Pendleton Payne Brice Foraker T. Burton Harding Willis Locher T. Burton McCulloch Bulkley R. Taft Sr. Burke Bender Lausche Saxbe Metzenbaum Glenn Voinovich Portman Vance

v t e Ohio attorneys general
Stanbery McCormick Pugh McCook Kimball Wolcott Murray Critchfield Richardson Olds West Pond Little Pillars Nash Hollingsworth Lawrence Kohler Watson Richards Monnette Sheets Ellis Denman Hogan Turner McGhee Price Crabbe Turner Bettman Bricker Duffy Herbert Jenkins Duffy O'Neill Saxbe McElroy Saxbe Brown, P. Brown, W. Celebrezze Fisher Montgomery Petro Dann Rogers Cordray DeWine Yost

• 1822 births
• 1876 deaths
• Ohio attorneys general
• Democratic Party members of the Ohio House of Representatives
• Politicians from Cincinnati
• Miami University alumni
• Democratic Party United States senators from Ohio
• American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
• Burials at Spring Grove Cemetery
• 19th-century United States senators
• 19th-century members of the Ohio General Assembly