Glasgow-Blatchford score - Misplaced Pages

Medical screening tool to assess internal bleeding Medical diagnostic method

Glasgow-Blatchford score
Purpose	need for blood transfusion due to GI bleeding

The Glasgow-Blatchford bleeding score (GBS) is a screening tool to assess the likelihood that a person with an acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) will need to have medical intervention such as a blood transfusion or endoscopic intervention. The tool may be able to identify people who do not need to be admitted to hospital after a UGIB. Advantages of the GBS over the Rockall score, which assesses the risk of death in UGIB, include a lack of subjective variables such as the severity of systemic diseases and the lack of a need for oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) to complete the score, a feature unique to the GBS.

It was developed in 2000 by Oliver Blatchford (born 24 August 1954) at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary.

In a controlled study, 16% of people presenting with UGIB had a GBS score of "0", considered low. Among this group there were no deaths or interventions needed and people were able to be effectively treated in an outpatient setting.

Criteria

The score is calculated using the table below:

Admission risk marker	Score component value
Blood urea (mmol/L)
6.5–8.0	2
8.0–10.0	3
10.0–25	4
> 25	6
Haemoglobin (g/dL) for men
12.0–12.9	1
10.0–11.9	3
< 10.0	6
Haemoglobin (g/dL) for women
10.0–11.9	1
< 10.0	6
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)
100–109	1
90–99	2
< 90	3
Other markers
Pulse ≥ 100/min	1
Melaena	1
Syncope	2
Hepatic disease	2
Cardiac failure	2

In the validation group, scores of 6 or more were associated with a greater than 50% risk of needing an intervention.

Score

Score is equal to "0" if the following are all present:

Hemoglobin level > 12.9 g/dL (men) or > 11.9 g/dL (women)
Systolic blood pressure > 109 mm Hg
Pulse < 100/minute
Blood urea nitrogen level < 6.5 mmol/L
No melena or syncope
No past or present liver disease or heart failure

References

Blatchford, O.; Murray, W. R.; Blatchford, M. (2000). "A risk score to predict need for treatment for uppergastrointestinal haemorrhage". Lancet. 356 (9238): 1318–1321. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02816-6. PMID 11073021. S2CID 6371737. Retrieved 2009-02-17.
Stanley, A. J.; Ashley, D.; Dalton, H. R.; Mowat, C.; Gaya, D. R.; Thompson, E.; Warshow, U.; Groome, M.; Cahill, A.; Benson, G.; Blatchford, O.; Murray, W. (2009). "Outpatient management of patients with low-risk upper-gastrointestinal haemorrhage: multicentre validation and prospective evaluation". Lancet. 373 (9657): 42–47. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61769-9. PMID 19091393. S2CID 1738579. Retrieved 2009-01-24.
"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-12-19. Retrieved 2014-12-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)

Diseases of the human digestive system

Upper GI tract

Esophagus

Stomach

Lower GI tract
Enteropathy

Small intestine (Duodenum/Jejunum/Ileum)	Enteritis Duodenitis Jejunitis Ileitis Peptic (duodenal) ulcer Curling's ulcer Malabsorption: Coeliac Tropical sprue Blind loop syndrome Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth Whipple's Short bowel syndrome Steatorrhea Milroy disease Bile acid malabsorption
Large intestine (Appendix/Colon)	Appendicitis Colitis Pseudomembranous Ulcerative Ischemic Microscopic Collagenous Lymphocytic Dysentery Functional colonic disease IBS Intestinal pseudoobstruction / Ogilvie syndrome Megacolon / Toxic megacolon Diverticulitis/Diverticulosis/SCAD
Large and/or small	Enterocolitis Necrotizing Gastroenterocolitis IBD Crohn's disease Vascular: Abdominal angina Mesenteric ischemia Angiodysplasia Bowel obstruction: Ileus Intussusception Volvulus Fecal impaction Constipation Functional Diarrhea Infectious Intestinal adhesions
Rectum	Proctitis Radiation proctitis Proctalgia fugax Rectal prolapse Anismus Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome Rectal stricture
Anal canal	Anal fissure/Anal fistula Anal abscess Hemorrhoid Anal dysplasia Pruritus ani Anal stricture

GI bleeding

Accessory

Liver	Hepatitis Viral hepatitis Autoimmune hepatitis Alcoholic hepatitis Cirrhosis PBC Fatty liver MASLD Vascular Budd–Chiari syndrome Hepatic veno-occlusive disease Portal hypertension Nutmeg liver Alcoholic liver disease Liver failure Hepatic encephalopathy Acute liver failure Liver abscess Pyogenic Amoebic Hepatorenal syndrome Peliosis hepatis Metabolic disorders Wilson's disease Hemochromatosis
Gallbladder	Cholecystitis Gallstone / Cholelithiasis Cholesterolosis Adenomyomatosis Postcholecystectomy syndrome Porcelain gallbladder
Bile duct/ Other biliary tree	Cholangitis Primary sclerosing cholangitis Secondary sclerosing cholangitis Ascending Cholestasis/Mirizzi's syndrome Biliary fistula Haemobilia Common bile duct Choledocholithiasis Biliary dyskinesia Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction
Pancreatic	Pancreatitis Acute Chronic Hereditary Pancreatic abscess Pancreatic pseudocyst Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency Pancreatic fistula

Other

Hernia

Lumbar
- Petit's
- Grynfeltt–Lesshaft

Undefined location

Peritoneal

Categories:

Criteria

Score

See also

References