| Nasal bilabial velar click | |
|---|---|
| ŋ͡ʘ | |
| ᵑʘ | |
| ʘ̃ | |
| Audio sample | |
| source · help |
| Nasal bilabial uvular click | |
|---|---|
| ɴ͡ʘ | |
| ᶰʘ |
The bilabial nasal click is a click consonant found in some of the languages of southern Africa. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet for a nasal bilabial click with a velar rear articulation is ⟨ŋ͡ʘ⟩ or ⟨ŋ͜ʘ⟩, commonly abbreviated to ⟨ŋʘ⟩, ⟨ᵑʘ⟩ or ⟨ʘ̃⟩. For a click with a uvular rear articulation, the equivalents are ⟨ɴ͡ʘ, ɴ͜ʘ, ɴʘ, ᶰʘ⟩. Sometimes the accompanying letter comes after the click letter, e.g. ⟨ʘŋ⟩ or ⟨ʘᵑ⟩; this may be a simple orthographic choice, or it may imply a difference in the relative timing of the releases.
Features
Features of the bilabial nasal click:
- The airstream mechanism is lingual ingressive (also known as velaric ingressive), which means a pocket of air trapped between two closures is rarefied by a "sucking" action of the tongue, rather than being moved by the glottis or the lungs/diaphragm. The release of the forward closure produces the "click" sound. Voiced and nasal clicks have a simultaneous pulmonic egressive airstream.
- Its place of articulation is bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.
- Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
- It is a nasal consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.
Occurrence
Bilabial nasal clicks only occur in the Tuu and Kx'a families of southern Africa, in the Australian ritual language Damin, and for /mw/ in some of the languages neighboring Shona, such as at least for some speakers of Ndau and Tonga.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Damin | m!ii | 'vegetable' | |
| Tonga | kumwa | 'to drink' | |
| Ndau | mwana | 'child' |
Glottalized bilabial nasal click
| Glottalized bilabial nasal click | |
|---|---|
| ʘ̃ˀ ʘ̃͜ʔ | |
| ᵑʘˀ ᵑ̊ʘˀ |
The Tuu and Kx'a languages also have glottalized nasal clicks. These are formed by closing the glottis so that the click is pronounced in silence; however, any preceding vowel will be nasalized.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning |
|---|
Notes
- Afrika und Übersee. D. Reimer. 2005. pp. 93–94.
