Groves classification system

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The Groves Classification is a numbering system to enable the shape of any academic gown or hood to be easily described and identified. It was devised by Nicholas Groves to establish a common terminology for hoods and gowns to remedy the situation of individual universities using differing terms to describe the same item. As such it is used in same manner as an heraldic blazon whereby a textual description enables a coat of arms to be drawn. The system was first described in the Burgon Society's annual in 2001 and adopted as standard by robe makers and scholars of academic dress.

Classes

The major classes of academic hoods.
	Cape	Cowl	Liripipe
Full
Simple
Aberdeen

The original Groves Classification included a standardization for shapes and patterns of hoods and gowns worn by graduates and undergraduates. Further information was given regarding the use of different fabrics and standardization of colors, but the focus was placed on gowns and hoods which are explained further below.

The Classification undergoes periodic revision as new hood and gown patterns emerge.

Hoods

Hoods in the Classification are divided into three different types as summarised in the table below. Unlike the gowns and robes, these are based on the shape of the hood rather than the degrees for which they are worn.

full shape hoods are those that have a cape, a cowl and a liripipe.
simple shape hoods have only a cowl and a liripipe.
Aberdeen shape hoods have only a cape and a vestigial cowl.

Code number	Name	Notes
Full shape hoods
	Cambridge	Cape with square corners.
	Dublin	As but the liripipe is curved at the inner corner.
	London	As but the cape corners are rounded.
	Durham Doctors	Used for doctoral degrees at the University of Durham. As but the liripipe is cut at a 45-degree angle and the cowl is slanted downwards.
	Oxford Full	Used for doctoral degrees at the University of Oxford. As but larger and with a narrow squared 'slot' between the liripipe edge and the cape.
	Durham BA	Traditional shape for BA degrees at the University of Durham. As for but with a large, semi-circular cape, and the space between the cape and liripipe is cut in a quadrant arc. The liripipe is sewn on separately.
	Durham BSc	As but the bottom of the cape has a rounded, semi-circular edge.
	Edinburgh Full	As but with a cape sewn on the back.
	Glasgow	Larger version of , with a longer cape and a long narrow liripipe. Typically made with a wide neckband.
	St Andrews	Similar to but the liripipe is slightly slanted outward and has a slight bell-shape to the end.
	Warham Guild	Created to resemble the more ancient version of the hood.
	King's Full	Designed by Dame Vivienne Westwood in 2008 and features two long (4') streamers which serve as gown facings. There is no neckband, and the hood is held in place by a button fixed to the each shoulder of the gown. Owing to its unique shape the hood cannot be folded flat. For clergymen that require it, a version with a neckband is available.
	UMIST
	ICC Doctors
	Toronto	As but the liripipe is vertical rather than slanted.
Simple shape hoods
	Oxford Simple
	Oxford Burgon
	Belfast
	Edinburgh	As for with the cape portion removed.
	Wales
	Leicester Bachelors
	Leeds
	Sussex
	Victoria
	Aston
	Glasgow Caledonian	Designed by Aileen Stewart in 1993
	King's Simple
Aberdeen shaped hoods
	CNAA
	Leicester Masters
	Kent
	East Anglia
	Leicester Doctors
	Dundee
	Aberdeen

Gowns

Gowns in the Groves system are divided into three classes. These generally follow the shapes associated with each different academic degree in the British educational system.

bachelor's gowns typically have large open sleeves
master's gowns typically have long closed sleeves with armhole at elbow level
doctor's robes vary in shape widely between institutions and are all classed as .

Bachelors

Code	Example	Notes
Bachelors gowns
	Basic bachelor	plain open sleeves, point reaching knee
	Cambridge BA	sleeve has slit in foream seam
	Cambridge MB	front of sleeve has foldback and cord and button
	London BA	front of sleeve is pleated and held by cord and button
	Durham BA	lower 8" of forearm seam left open, and held by button and loop
	Wales BA	lower 6" of forearm seam left open and folded back, held by 2 buttons, with third button on seam in middle
	Bath BA	as , but with button at top of slit
	Oxford BA	as , but sleeves reach hem of gown
	Belfast BA	bell sleeve, pleated as
	Dublin BA	as , but sleeves much smaller
	Reading BA	as , but sleeve point is rounded off
	Sussex BA	bag sleeve with small armhole

Masters

Code number
Sleeve pattern


Degree	Oxford MA	Cambridge MA	Dublin MA	Wales MA	London MA	Victoria MA	Lampeter BD	Leicester MA	Bristol MA





Basic Master	Lancaster MA	Scottish MA	Not used	Open	Warwick MA	Bath MA	Sussex MA	Manchester MA	King's MA

Doctors

Code	Example	Notes
Doctors/Special gowns
	Cambridge doctors	wide open sleeves, similar to , with the wrist turned back and held with a cord and button
	Oxford doctors	bell sleeves
	Cambridge MusD	small bell sleeves with cuff
	Cambridge LL.D undress	flap-collar (QC's) gown
	Oxford convocation habit	sleeveless habit closed with two buttons at the front
	Sussex doctors	MA-style sleeve with vertical slit, base hollowed into B shape
	Aston	narrow sleeves
	Cambridge DD undress	bell sleeves gathered at wrist

Headwear

Code	Example	Notes
	Mortarboard	a square board attached to a skull cap, often with a button and tassel
	Tudor bonnet	a round soft hat with brim, often with a cord and tassels
	John Knox cap	a square soft cap
	Bishop Andrewes cap	like but soft and with a silk tuff in lieu of button and tassel
	Oxford ladies' cap	a soft square cap with a flap at the back and held up with two buttons
	Sussex pileus	a round cylindrical cap with a covered button on the top
	Leicester doctoral cap	a modified biretta
	UEA BA	a skull cap with upturned brim (no longer used in practice, though still prescribed officially as the undergraduate cap)
	UEA MA	a skull cap with a triangular structure on top (no longer used by students, though worn by the Registrar at congregation ceremonies)

Additions

The Groves classification system was first published in 2001. Since that time, it has been adapted and changed to include newly devised academic dress and revisions of existing schemes. The Burgon Society maintains a comprehensive listing of system shapes on its website. In addition to those included above, the current list classifies undergraduate gowns in use throughout the United Kingdom and academic headwear.

American doctoral robes

In 2012, David Boven devised a system of classification to include unique doctoral robes in the United States of America. The Intercollegiate Code describes the form of dress for doctors at American institutions, but many have changed the colors of their robes. Several institutions have even developed unique forms of robes for the doctoral graduates. In all of these instances, there are some cases where

ICC Shape

Gown Color	Facing/Bar Color	Piping
ICC black	ICC black (or discipline color)	Colored
ICC black	Colored	Colored (or black)
Colored	ICC black (or discipline color)	Colored (or black)
Colored	Colored	Colored (or black)

Unique shapes

Code	Name	Description
	Princeton	Similar to ICC, but velvet removed from the robe and replaced with faille orange facings and sleeve bars. Sleeves shortened and orange lining added. Designed to be worn open.
	Stanford	Modified version of the Cambridge doctors robe. Side panels of gown body cardinal red with black facings and black yoke. Sleeves black with cuffs covered in red and also lined in satin indicating discipline. Facings bear coat of arms. Designed to be worn open.
	Stony Brook	Blue robes with no sleeve bars, but three gold rays extending from bottom of sleeves and coming to point at shoulder. Right shoulder bears small representation of university’s seal. Rays attached to sleeve at wrist and shoulder, but remain unattached for rest of length.
	RIT	Based on standard ICC robe with velvet facings and sleeve bars, but with addition of long pointed sleeves similar to the Cambridge doctor’s robe

References

^ Groves, Nicholas (2001), "Towards a Standard Terminology for Describing Academic Dress" (PDF), The Burgon Society Annual, 1: 9–12, archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-23, retrieved 2011-04-04.
"The Design of Academical Dress". The Burgon Society. Archived from the original on 2009-02-23. Retrieved 2011-04-04.
^ Boven, David T. (2012). "A Touch of Colour: Surveying Variation in American Academic Dress and a System of Categories for Departures". Transactions of the Burgon Society. 12: 86–102. doi:10.4148/2475-7799.1102. Retrieved 26 February 2020.

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