Gymnosphaera - Misplaced Pages

Genus of plants

Gymnosphaera
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Division:	Polypodiophyta
Class:	Polypodiopsida
Order:	Cyatheales
Family:	Cyatheaceae
Genus:	Gymnosphaera Blume
Type species
Gymnosphaera glabra Blume
Species
See text.
Synonyms
Alsophila section Gymnosphaera (Blume) Moore Alsophila subgen. Gymnosphaera (Blume) Q.Xia Cyathea subgen. Gymnosphaera (Blume) Tindale Cyathea sect. Gymnosphaera (Blume) Holttum

Gymnosphaera is a genus of tree ferns in family Cyatheaceae.

Taxonomy

The genus was originally described by Carl Ludwig Blume in 1828. It was frequently treated by later authors as a synonym of Cyathea or Alsophila.

In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), Gymnosphaera was left as a synonym of Alsophila, as evidence to support its reliable separation was lacking. More recently, Shi-Yong Dong and collaborators proposed the revival and recircumscription of the genus based on additional phylogenetic evidence, an act subsequently accepted by other tree fern workers.

Phylogeny

As of January 2023, the following species are accepted in the genus as currently circumscribed by the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World:

Phylogeny of Gymnosphaera

Gymnosphaera

G. capensis (L.fil.) S.Y.Dong

G. schliebenii (Reimers) S.Y.Dong

G. boivinii (Mett. ex Ettingsh.) Tardieu

G. impolita (Rakotondr. & Janssen) S.Y.Dong

G. andohahelensis (Tardieu) Tardieu

	G. poolii (C.Chr.) S.Y.Dong

	G. rouhaniana (Rakotondr. & Janssen) S.Y.Dong

G. salvinii (Hook.) S.Y.Dong

	G. hornei (Baker) Copel.

	Alsophila klossii (Ridl.) Tryon

	G. acrostichoides (Alderw.) S.Y.Dong

	G. schlechteri (Brause) Copel.

	G. olivacea (Brause) S.Y.Dong

	G. phlebodes (Lehnert & Coritico) S.Y.Dong

	G. baileyana (Domin) S.Y.Dong

	G. rebeccae (F.Muell.) S.Y.Dong

	G. annae (Alderw.) S.Y.Dong

	G. dimorpha (Christ) S.Y.Dong

	G. biformis (Rosenst.) Copel.

	G. scandens (Brause) S.Y.Dong

G. ramispina (Hook.) Copel.

	G. ogurae (Hayata) Tagawa

	G. subdubia (Alderw.) S.Y.Dong

	G. khasyana (T.Moore ex Kuhn) Ching

	G. lurida (Blume) S.Y.Dong

G. denticulata (Baker) Copel.

	G. bachmaensis S.Y.Dong

	G. podophylla (Hook.) Copel.

G. salletii (Tardieu & C.Chr. ex C.Chr. & Tardieu) S.Y.Dong

	G. austroyunnanensis (S.G.Lu) S.G.Lu & Chun X.Li

	G. saxicola S.Y.Dong & Z.Y.Zuo

	G. gigantea (Wall. ex Hook.) J.Sm.

	G. metteniana (Hance) Tagawa

	G. andersonii (Scott ex Beddome) Ching & Wu

	G. glabra Blume

Other species include:

Gymnosphaera alticola Tardieu
Gymnosphaera atropurpurea (Copel.) Copel.
Gymnosphaera boivinii (Mett. ex Ettingsh.) Tardieu
Gymnosphaera bonii (Christ) S.Y.Dong
Gymnosphaera commutata (Mett.) S.Y.Dong
Gymnosphaera henryi (Baker) S.R.Ghosh
Gymnosphaera mildbraedii (Brause) S.Y.Dong
Gymnosphaera nicklesii Tardieu & F.Ballard ex Tardieu
Gymnosphaera ramispinoides (M.Kato) S.Y.Dong
Gymnosphaera rubella (Holttum) S.Y.Dong

References

Blume, Carl Ludwig (1828). Enumeratio plantarum Javae. Vol. 2. p. 242.
PPG I (2016). "A community-derived classification for extant lycophytes and ferns". Journal of Systematics and Evolution. 54 (6): 563–603. doi:10.1111/jse.12229. S2CID 39980610.
Dong, Shi-Yong; Zuo, Zheng-Yu (2018). "On the Recognition of Gymnosphaera As a Distinct Genus in Cyatheaceae". Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 103 (1): 1–23. doi:10.3417/2017049. S2CID 90852235.
Loiseau, Oriane; Weigand, Anna; Noben, Sarah; Rolland, Jonathan; Silvestro, Daniele; Kessler, Michael; Lehnert, Marcus; Salamin, Nicolas (2020). "Slowly but surely: gradual diversification and phenotypic evolution in the hyper-diverse tree fern family Cyatheaceae". Annals of Botany. 125 (1): 93–103. doi:10.1093/aob/mcz145. PMC 6948215. PMID 31562744.
Hassler, Michael (19 January 2023). "Gymnosphaera". Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World. 14.1. Retrieved January 21, 2023.
Nitta, Joel H.; Schuettpelz, Eric; Ramírez-Barahona, Santiago; Iwasaki, Wataru; et al. (2022). "An Open and Continuously Updated Fern Tree of Life". Frontiers in Plant Science. 13: 909768. doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.909768. PMC 9449725. PMID 36092417.
"Tree viewer: interactive visualization of FTOL". FTOL v1.5.0 . 2023. Retrieved 17 August 2023.

Classification of Archaeplastida or Plantae s.l.

(major groups

Picozoa	Picomonas
Rhodelphidia	Rhodelphis
Rhodophyta (red algae)	Cyanidiophyceae Porphyridiophyceae Stylonematophyceae Compsopogonophyceae Rhodellophyceae Bangiophyceae Florideophyceae
Glaucophyta	Glaucocystophyceae
incertae sedis	Algospongia

Viridiplantae
or Plantae s.s.
(green algae &
land plants)

Prasinodermophyta	Prasinodermophyceae Palmophyllophyceae

Chlorophyta

Prasinophytina	Mamiellophyceae Pyramimonadophyceae
Chlorophytina	Nephroselmidophyceae Picocystophyceae Chloropicophyceae Pedinophyceae Chlorodendrophyceae UTC clade Ulvophyceae Trebouxiophyceae Chlorophyceae

Streptophyta

Phragmoplastophyta

Anydrophyta

Zygnematophyceae

Embryophyta (land plants)	(see below↓)

Embryophytes or Plantae sensu strictissimo

Bryophytes

Marchantiophyta (liverworts)	Haplomitriopsida Marchantiopsida Jungermanniopsida
Anthocerotophyta (hornworts)	Leiosporocerotopsida Anthocerotopsida
Bryophyta (mosses)	Takakiopsida Sphagnopsida Andreaeobryopsida Andreaeopsida Oedipodiopsida Tetraphidopsida Polytrichopsida Bryopsida

Polysporangiophytes

†Protracheophytes*

†Horneophytopsida
†Aglaophyton

Tracheophytes
(vascular plants)

†Paratracheophytes*	†Cooksoniopsida †Rhyniopsida †Renaliales

Eutracheophytes

Lycophytes	†Barinophytopsida †Zosterophyllopsida Lycopodiopsida (clubmosses, spikemosses & quillworts)

Euphyllophytes

†Eophyllophytopsida
†Trimerophytopsida

Moniliformopses	†Ibykales †Cladoxylopsida Polypodiopsida (ferns and horsetails)

Lignophytes

†Progymnosperms*	†Noeggerathiopsida †Aneurophytopsida †Archaeopteridopsida †Protopityales

Spermatophytes
(seed plants)

†Pteridosperms* (seed ferns) and other extinct seed plant groups	†Bennettitales †Calamopityales †Callistophytales †Caytoniales †Cordaitales †Corystospermales †Czekanowskiales †Gigantopteridales †Glossopteridales †Lyginopteridopsida †Medullosales †Peltaspermopsida †Pentoxylopsida †Petriellales
Acrogymnospermae (living gymnosperms)	Cycadopsida (cycads) Ginkgoales (Ginkgo) Pinopsida (conifers) Gnetopsida
Angiospermae (flowering plants)	Basal angiosperms Core angiosperms Magnoliids Monocots Eudicots

Fern classification

Basal clade

†Ibykales
- †Ibykaceae

†Cladoxylopsida

†Cladoxylales
- †Cladoxylaceae
- †Voelkeliaceae
†Hyeniales
- †Hyeniaceae
†Iridopteridales
- †Iridopteridaceae
†Pseudosporochnales
- †Pseudosporochnaceae
†Steloxylales
- †Steloxylaceae

Polypodiopsida

†Stauropterididae

†Stauropteridales
- †Stauropteridaceae

†Zygopterididae

†Rhacophytales
- †Rhacophytaceae
†Zygopteridales
- †Zygopteridaceae

Equisetidae

†Pseudoborniales †Pseudoborniaceae †Sphenophyllales †Aspidostachyaceae †Boegendorfiaceae †Boegendorfiaceae †Eviostachyaceae †Sphenophyllaceae
Equisetales	†Asterocalamitaceae †Autophyllitaceae †Honseleriaceae †Archaeocalamitaceae †Paracalamitaceae †Calamitaceae †Apocalamitaceae †Konnostachyaceae †Manchurostachyaceae †Notocalamitaceae †Schizoneuraceae †Sorocaulinaceae †Echinostachyaceae †Gondwanostachyaceae †Tchernoviaceae Equisetaceae

Ophioglossidae

Psilotales	Psilotaceae
Ophioglossales	Ophioglossaceae

Marattiidae

Marattiales	†Knorripteridaceae †Pecopteridaceae †Ptychocarpaceae †Weichseliaceae †Asterothecaceae †Danaeopsidaceae Marattiaceae

Polypodiidae

†Anachoropteridales
- †Anachoropteridaceae
- †Psalixochlaenaceae
- †Sermayaceae
†Botryopteridiales
- †Botryopteridiaceae
†Senftenbergiales
- †Senftenbergiaceae
†Urnatopteridales
- †Crossothecaceae
- †Discopteridaceae
- †Urnatopteridaceae

Osmundales

†Guaireaceae
Osmundaceae

Hymenophyllales

Hymenophyllaceae

Thyrsopteridineae	Thyrsopteridaceae Loxsomataceae Plagiogyriaceae Culcitaceae
Cyatheineae	†Tanydoraceae Metaxyaceae Cibotiaceae Dicksoniaceae Cyatheaceae

Polypodiales

Saccolomatineae	Saccolomataceae
Lindsaeineae	Cystodiaceae Lonchitidaceae Lindsaeaceae
Pteridineae	Pteridaceae
Dennstaedtiineae	Dennstaedtiaceae
Aspleniineae	Cystopteridaceae Rhachidosoridaceae Diplaziopsidaceae Hemidictyaceae Desmophlebiaceae Aspleniaceae Thelypteridaceae Woodsiaceae Onocleaceae Blechnaceae Athyriaceae
Polypodiineae	Hypodematiaceae Didymochlaenaceae Dryopteridaceae Lomariopsidaceae Nephrolepidaceae Tectariaceae Oleandraceae Davalliaceae Polypodiaceae

Taxon identifiers
Gymnosphaera	Wikidata: Q17166772 APDB: 216897 APNI: 6004752 GBIF: 3229358 GRIN: 19739 iNaturalist: 576688 IPNI: 17116270-1 IRMNG: 1310822 ITIS: 914246 NCBI: 2161855 Open Tree of Life: 5918710 POWO: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17116270-1 Tropicos: 40019055 WFO: wfo-4000016526

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