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H. R. Gross
Official portrait, c. 1969
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Iowa's 3rd district
In office January 3, 1949 – January 3, 1975
Preceded by	John W. Gwynne
Succeeded by	Chuck Grassley
Personal details
Born	Harold Royce Gross (1899-06-30)June 30, 1899 Arispe, Iowa, US
Died	September 22, 1987(1987-09-22) (aged 88) Washington, D.C., US
Resting place	Arlington National Cemetery
Political party	Republican
Spouse	Hazel E. Webster
Relations	Joe Gross
Children	2

Harold Royce Gross (June 30, 1899 – September 22, 1987) was a Republican United States Representative from Iowa's 3rd congressional district for thirteen terms. The role he played on the House floor, objecting to spending measures and projects that he considered wasteful, prompted Time magazine to label him "the useful pest."

Personal background

Gross was born on his parents' 240-acre (0.97 km) farm near Arispe, in Union County, Iowa. He was educated in the rural schools. In 1916, after completing his sophomore year in high school in Creston, Iowa, he concealed his youth in order to enlist in the military service, where he first served with the First Iowa Field Artillery in the Pancho Villa Expedition. During World War I he served in France with the United States Army from 1917–1919. After the war, he briefly attended Iowa State College in its electrical engineering program, before transferring to the University of Missouri School of Journalism in Columbia.

He was a newspaper reporter and editor for various newspapers from 1921 to 1935. One such newspaper was the publication of the Iowa Farmer's Union, the Iowa Union Farmer, which he edited from 1929 to 1935. He began as a radio news commentator for WHO (AM) in Des Moines, Iowa, in 1935. One of his fellow on-air broadcasters at WHO was a young Ronald Reagan.

He met Hazel Webster while he was a newspaper reporter covering the Iowa statehouse and she was the secretary to the Iowa Attorney General. They were married in 1929. H. R. and Hazel Gross raised two children, Phillip and Alan.

1940 run for Governor of Iowa

In 1940, Gross challenged Iowa's sitting Governor, George A. Wilson, in the Republican primary, running what newspapers called a "sight-unseen" campaign. Gross confined his campaign to radio addresses, declined all personal appearance invitations, and made no platform speeches. He lost the primary by only 15,781 votes out of over 330,000 cast, in the closest primary race in Iowa in nearly thirteen years. His campaign was haunted by a statement he had made seven years earlier, while writing and speaking for the Farmers' Holiday Association, that appeared to approve of an episode of mob violence against a judge to stop a foreclosure.

Following his defeat, Gross joined an Ohio radio station and later moved to Indiana. After World War II, he returned to Iowa and became a radio newscaster at KXEL in Waterloo.

Congressional elections and re-elections

In 1948, Gross ran against an incumbent House member of his own party, Republican John W. Gwynne. He wrested the nomination away from Gwynne in the Republican primary without the help of the party organization. In a 1948 general election in which Democratic President Harry S. Truman surprisingly carried Iowa and Iowa Democrat Guy Gillette ousted Republican George A. Wilson from the U.S. Senate, Gross won his first of many landslide victories. In his most narrow victory, he was the only Republican member of Iowa's U.S. House delegation to survive the 1964 Democratic landslide. He was re-elected twelve times before choosing to retire rather than run in the 1974 election. He served continuously from January 3, 1949 to January 3, 1975.

Fiscal conservatism

In the words of his successor, Charles Grassley, Gross earned "a legendary reputation as watchdog of the Treasury." He rarely missed a roll call vote and often remained in the House chamber between roll call votes, listening carefully to speeches and scrutinizing the details of pending bills, especially spending bills. He denounced, among other things, the Marshall Plan, the funeral of President John F. Kennedy (including the appropriation for fuel for the eternal flame), the size of the White House security detail, the Peace Corps, the U.S. Space Program, and foreign aid.

Gross also refused to go on taxpayer-funded congressional junkets. As Ed Rollins recalled, "When he retired, his fellow members chipped in and bought him and his wife Hazel, who managed his office for no pay, a round-the-world trip. With tears in his eyes he took one last shot at his pals. 'Wherever we go, I am sure I'll see you all on your taxpayers' junkets!'"

In the early 1960s he took an early stand against the practice of retired service personnel getting a military pension and another federal paycheck. He opposed restoring former President Dwight D. Eisenhower to his generalship unless Congress stipulated that he would only receive his Presidential pension and not a general's salary also. Gross admitted to having only one regret about his entire career: voting "present" rather than "nay" on the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, explaining that the Vietnam War ended up costing too much.

Libertarian theorist Murray Rothbard hailed Gross in the Libertarian Forum, pointing out that the congressman had the best voting record from a libertarian standpoint. Before Gross' retirement from Congress, Rothbard had written "It is pleasant to take this opportunity to hail the Grand Old Man of the Old Right H. R. Gross of Iowa, a marvelous and flinty character almost out of the storybooks"

Independence

Gross was also known for his independence, so much so that then-House Minority Leader Gerald Ford remarked that "there are three parties in the House: Democrats, Republicans, and H.R. Gross." Shaking off the Eisenhower Administration's pressure to support a foreign-aid economic-development measure, Gross quipped, "I took my last marching orders in 1916–19."

Gross's personal lifestyle reflected his fiscally conservative views. He lived frugally and rarely attended any parties or social functions common to the life of a congressman. Gross was remembered as an outsider who preferred to sit in his townhouse and watch professional wrestling on TV.

In 1966, at the height of the Vietnam War, with many American soldiers dying, an extravagant White House ball ran on until 3 A.M. Disgusted by this callousness, Gross recited Alfred Noyes' poem The Victory Ball in Congress in protest; the poem condemns the hedonism of a British Armistice ball and contains the line "under the dancing feet are the graves".

He was also among the few who opposed the Uniform Monday Holiday Act in 1968, moving all federal holidays (other than Independence Day, Veterans Day, Christmas Day, and New Year's Day) to the nearest Monday. He argued that it would rob retail workers of their holidays because retail stores would remain open.

However, even his targets could speak warmly of Gross. Longtime House Armed Services Committee Chairman Carl Vinson, whose defense spending bills often incurred Gross's criticisms, said of Gross that "there is really no good debate unless the gentleman from Iowa is in it."

Gross voted in favor of the Civil Rights Acts of 1960 and 1968, as well as the 24th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, but voted against the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1964, as well as the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Despite his voting record mostly being to the right, Gross was supportive of the Social Security Amendments of 1949, an amendment on the National Housing Act of 1949 to extend mortgage provisions, Equal Rights Amendment of 1971 and the Oil Pollution Act of 1973.

H.R. 144

When Gross was in Congress, a special exception was made to the practice that bills offered in the House were numbered consecutively. The number H.R. 144 was reserved each session for one of Representative Gross's bills (because 144 equals one gross, making its title the arithmetical equivalent to his name).

Death

Gross married Hazel E. Webster. They had two sons. He was a resident of Arlington, Virginia, until his death in a Washington, D.C. Veterans Hospital on September 22, 1987, due to complications from Alzheimer's disease. He was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.

References

1. ^ "The Useful Pest", Time, 1962-06-15.
2. ^ ""H.R. Gross is Dead; Iowa Congressman", New York Times, 1987-09-24.
3. ^ Frank Nye Jr., "H.R. Gross Puts New Thoughts in Political Minds," Waterloo Daily Courier, 1940-05-28, at 20.
4. "Talk of Demos' 'Fifth Column' is Not Heeded," Mason City Globe-Gazette, 1940-06-01, at 1.
5. ^ "Gross Back in Political Race," Iowa City Press-Citizen, 1948-04-02 at 4.
6. "Reflections on the Side by Ed," The Oxford Mirror, 1940-05-16, at 1; Editorial, "Iowa Still Republican," Oelwein Daily Register, 1940-06-05, at 2.
7. ^ Bill Kauffman, "The Eternal Flamethrower," The American Enterprise, 1999-11.
8. "Hatchet Job," Time Magazine, 1968-07-26.
9. CNN: Commentary: What Congress needs is a pest
10. https://mises.org/journals/lf/1973/1973_12.pdf
11. "Foreign-Aid Pasting," Time Magazine, 1957-07-29.
12. Sidey, Hugh. "The Pecksniffs Squeeze the Fun from a Joyless Bunch", Life, 17 June 1966, p. 42.
13. "HR 8601. PASSAGE".
14. "TO PASS H.R. 2516, A BILL TO ESTABLISH PENALTIES FOR INTERFERENCE WITH CIVIL RIGHTS. INTERFERENCE WITH A PERSON ENGAGED IN ONE OF THE 8 ACTIVITIES PROTECTED UNDER THIS BILL MUST BE RACIALLY MOTIVATED TO INCUR THE BILL'S PENALTIES".
15. "S.J. RES. 29. CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT TO BAN THE USE OF POLL TAX AS A REQUIREMENT FOR VOTING IN FEDERAL ELECTIONS". GovTrack.us.
16. "HR 6127. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1957". GovTrack.us.
17. "H.R. 7152. PASSAGE".
18. "TO PASS H.R. 6400, THE 1965 VOTING RIGHTS ACT".
19. https://library.cqpress.com/cqalmanac/file.php?path=Floor%20Votes%20Tables/1949_Education_and_Welfare_Floor_Votes.pdf
20. "TO PASS H.J. RES. 208".
21. "TO SUSPEND THE RULES AND PASS H.R. 5451, THE OIL POLLUTION ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1973".
22. "Cramming for Capitol Hill," Time Magazine, 1972-12-18.
23. "Hazel E. Gross". The Courier. 1999-03-21. p. 33. Retrieved 2024-06-06 – via Newspapers.com.
24. Burial Detail: Gross, Harold R – ANC Explorer

External links

• United States Congress. "H. R. Gross (id: G000495)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
• H. R. Gross at ArlingtonCemetery.net, an unofficial website (reprints "The Eternal Flamethrower")

v t e Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Iowa
1st	W. Thompson Miller Henn A. Hall S. Curtis J. F. Wilson McCrary Stone McCoid B. Hall Gear Seerley Gear S. Clark Hedge Kennedy Kopp Eicher Martin Schwengel Schmidhauser Schwengel Mezvinsky Leach Nussle Braley Blum Finkenauer Hinson Miller-Meeks
2nd	Leffler L. Clark J. P. Cook Thorington Davis Vandever Price Smyth W. Wolf Cotton Tufts Price Farwell Murphy Hayes G. Curtis Lane Rumple Wade Dawson Pepper Vollmer Hull Letts B. Jacobsen W. Jacobsen Talle L. Wolf Bromwell Culver Blouin Tauke Nussle Leach Loebsack Miller-Meeks Hinson
3rd	Allison Donnan Ainsworth Burdick Updegraff Henderson Birdsall Pickett Connolly Sweet Robinson Willford Gwynne Gross Grassley Evans Nagle Lightfoot Boswell Latham Young Axne Nunn
4th	Grinnell Loughridge Walden Pratt Deering Weller Fuller Sweney Butler Updegraff Haugen Biermann Talle LeCompte Carter Kyl Bandstra Kyl N. Smith Ganske Latham King Feenstra
5th	Kasson G. Dodge Palmer J. Wilson R. Clark W. G. Thompson J. Wilson Frederick Kerr J. Hamilton Cousins Good Cole Thurston LeCompte Cunningham N. Smith Scherle Harkin Lightfoot Grandy Latham King
6th	A. Hubbard Pomeroy Orr Loughridge Sampson Weaver Cutts J. C. Cook Cutts J. C. Cook Weaver Lacey White Lacey D. Hamilton Kendall Kirkpatrick Ramseyer Dowell Utterback Dowell Goodwin Cunningham Gilchrist J. I. Dolliver Coad Hoeven Greigg Mayne Bedell Grandy
7th	Kasson Cummings E. Gillette Kasson H. Smith Conger Hays Hull Prouty Dowell Wearin Jensen Hansen Scherle
8th	McDill Sapp Hepburn Anderson Flick Hepburn Jamieson Towner Evans Thurston Gilchrist Hoeven
9th	Orr Oliver Carpenter Pusey Lyman Reed Bowman Hager McPherson W. Smith Green Vincent Swanson G. Gillette Harrington Narey
10th	Holmes J. P. Dolliver Conner Woods Dickinson Gilchrist
11th	Struble Perkins Thomas E. Hubbard Scott Steele Scott Boies Campbell
AL	Hastings Leffler
Terr	Chapman A. Dodge

• 1899 births
• 1987 deaths
• American radio personalities
• People from Union County, Iowa
• University of Missouri alumni
• Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
• Deaths from Alzheimer's disease in Washington, D.C.
• United States Army personnel of World War I
• Virginia Republicans
• Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Iowa
• People from Creston, Iowa
• 20th-century members of the United States House of Representatives