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HD 41742 AabB and HD 41700 (C)

Location of HD 41742 (circled)
Observation data Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0
Constellation	Puppis
HD 41742 A
Right ascension	06 04 40.101
Declination	−45° 04′ 44.10″
Apparent magnitude (V)	5.975±0.009
HD 41742 B
Right ascension	06 04 39.782
Declination	−45° 04′ 48.78″
Apparent magnitude (V)	8.867±0.028
HD 41700 (C)
Right ascension	06 04 28.439
Declination	−45° 02′ 11.77″
Apparent magnitude (V)	6.343±0.010
Characteristics
HD 41742 A
Spectral type	F6V/K-MV(MS)
B−V color index	0.493±0.009
HD 41742 B
Spectral type	K3V
B−V color index	1.014±0.076
HD 41700 (C)
Spectral type	F7.5V
B−V color index	0.517±0.005
Astrometry
HD 41742 A
Radial velocity (Rv)	27.0±2.5 km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: −80.831 mas/yr Dec.: +251.617 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	35.779 ± 0.2768 mas
Distance	91.2 ± 0.7 ly (27.9 ± 0.2 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)	3.853±0.024
HD 41742 B
Proper motion (μ)	RA: −84.025 mas/yr Dec.: 237.521 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	37.0030 ± 0.0525 mas
Distance	88.1 ± 0.1 ly (27.02 ± 0.04 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)	6.745±0.043
HD 41700 (C)
Radial velocity (Rv)	27.4±0.4 km/s
Proper motion (μ)	RA: −82.262 mas/yr Dec.: 246.246 mas/yr
Parallax (π)	36.8531 ± 0.0162 mas
Distance	88.50 ± 0.04 ly (27.13 ± 0.01 pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)	4.221±0.025
Details
HD 41742 A
Mass	1.20 −0.06 M☉ / ~≥0.21 ± 0.06 M☉
Radius	1.4 R☉
Luminosity	2.7 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)	4.30 ± ~0.10 cgs
Temperature	6,363±85 K
Metallicity	−0.17±0.10 dex
Rotation	≤2.0 days (maximum rotational period, derived from v sin i if i = 90°)
Rotational velocity (v sin i)	26.7±1.3 km/s
Age	3.3 Gyr
HD 41742 B
Mass	0.80 M☉
Radius	0.93 R☉
Luminosity	0.25 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)	4.38 cgs
Temperature	4,294 K
Metallicity	−0.22 dex
HD 41700 (C)
Mass	1.13 −0.07 M☉
Radius	1.2 R☉
Luminosity	1.8 L☉
Surface gravity (log g)	4.36 cgs
Temperature	6,165±80 K
Metallicity	−0.19±0.10 dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)	16.6±1.0 km/s
Age	3.7 Gyr
Other designations
HD 41742 A: HIP 28790, TYC 8101-1755-1, HR 2158
HD 41742 B: TYC 8101-1757-1
HD 41700 (C): HIP 28764, GJ 9200, TYC 8101-309-1, HR 2157
Database references
HD 41742 A
SIMBAD	data
HD 41742 B
SIMBAD	data
HD 41700 (C)
SIMBAD	data

HD 41742 and HD 41700 is a star system that lies approximately 88 light-years away in the constellation of Puppis. The system consists of two bright stars where the primary is orbited by two fainter stars, making it a quadruple with an unequal hierarchy.

Component discovery

HD 41742 B was discovered early on in the history of visual binaries, due to the brightness of the primary. The earliest measurement in the Washington Double Star Catalog (WDS) dates to 1837 and was made by William Herschel, stating a position angle of 246° and a separation of 1.1" for the companion. Surprisingly, recent measures suggest that the secondary has moved significantly over the two centuries since, with it lying at a position angle of around 215° and a separation increasing between 5.30" in the late 1970s to 5.95" in 2010. This translates to a minimum change in physical separation between 142 and 159 AU over 35 years, which suggests that HD 41742 B is moving quickly away from the primary.

Lying at a considerably wider separation, HD 41700 was first observed relative to HD 41742 later than the tighter binary, despite being much brighter. The first measurement in the WDS dates to 1854 and was again made by Herschel, giving a position angle of 320° and a separation of 174". More recent values agree on the position angle, but suggest a separation closer to 200". The wide separation of this tertiary component means that it has a separate Hipparcos entry to the primary, which confirms that the two stars lie at the same distance and are co-moving. The physical separation between the two is about 0.026 parsecs (0.084 light-years), or approximately 17200 AU. This is comparable to the ~15000 AU separation between Alpha Centauri AB and Proxima Centauri; such wide separations between components are relatively rare, at least for solar-type stars.

Radial velocity observations of HD 41742 A with the HARPS spectrograph detected variations on a level of several km/s over a period of months, indicating that the star is a single-lined spectroscopic binary (SB1). Though an orbital fit was not attempted, A good orbital fit is possible (left), which implies that HD 41742 Ab has a minimum mass of ~0.2 M_☉, and is on a high eccentricity ~222-day orbit around the 1.2 M_☉ primary. Given that the lines of the secondary are not detected, it must have a significantly lower luminosity than the primary, indicating that it is of late spectral type.

Properties

On the celestial sphere, HD 41742/41700 can be seen as a 6th magnitude star (a magnitude barely observable by the naked eye under good conditions) lying close to the border between Puppis and Pictor. The nearest bright star to its location is the 4th magnitude Eta Columbae approximately two arcminutes to the north; The system lies about a quarter of the distance between Eta Columbae and Canopus (Alpha Carinae) on the sky.

HD 41742 A and HD 41700 (C) are similar stars, with their colours indicating spectral types of F6 and F7.5; this means that the two stars are about 500 K hotter than the Sun, and in turn the difference in temperature between the stars is about 150 kelvins. The stars lie slightly below the main sequence on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram (left image), which is probably due to their sub-solar metallicity (Fe/H ≈ −0.2).

HD 41742 B is a much cooler star than the brighter components; its B-V indicates a spectral type of K3, making it approximately 1000 K cooler than the Sun. It lies on the main sequence on the HRD (left image), and its photometry is fully consistent with an 0.8 M_☉ dwarf.

Indication of a young age for the HD 41742/41700 system was first found Henry et al. (1996), detecting large chromospheric activity in HD 41700; they measured a log R'_HK of −4.35 for the star, significantly higher than a "quiet" value of < −4.70, indicating that the system is considerably younger than 1 Gyr. The brightest stars in the system are both moderately fast rotators for late-F dwarfs, again indicating that they are young. Finally, HD 41700 has a somewhat large lithium content; because lithium is used up by a star at an approximately constant rate over its lifetime, this can be used to estimate a star's age. For HD 41700, its lithium abundance indicates an age of 200 ± 50 million years.

Some young star systems remain loosely associated with other stars that formed in the same molecular cloud as they move through space, known as a moving group. The HD 41742/41700 system has space velocities of (UVW) = −37.8, −10.4, −14.6 km/s, which is similar to those of the Hyades (UVW = −39.7, −17.7, −2.4 km/s); however, the system is probably not a Hyad because it has a lower peculiar velocity than expected, as well as a lower metallicity and lithium age than the Hyades.

Another feature prevalent around young stars are debris disks. For HD 41742 A and HD 41700 (C), IRAS and ISO detected infra-red excesses, which are typically indicative of disks of material re-radiating absorbed light at redder wavelengths; however, in both cases evidence against the excesses have been found. For HD 41742 A, the excess is offset by 26", which is large enough so that contamination from another object is likely responsible for the excess, while for HD 41700 (C) the excess has not been confirmed by Spitzer observations.

Planet searches

HD 41700 (C) is included on the CORALIE and Keck-HIRES planet search samples. No variability has been announced so far, so the star likely does not host a close-in, easily detectable giant planet.

HD 41742 A was included on a planet search around early-type (<~F7) stars with HARPS that detected its spectroscopic binarity, as discussed above.

Notes

1. Value not accounting for binary orbit

References

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v t e Constellation of Puppis
List of stars in Puppis Puppis in Chinese astronomy
Stars	Bayer ζ (Naos) ν ξ (Azmidi) ο π (Ahadi) ρ (Tureis) σ τ υ υ χ L2 Flamsteed 1 2 3 (l) 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 (j) 12 14 16 18 19 20 21 22 Variable R T (not variable) V X Y Z RS RX ST TY UY UZ VV VX VZ WW AQ AR AU BB BN BV CP HH HO HZ KQ MX (r) MY (y) MZ NO NP NS (h) NX OU (L1) OS OW (z) OX PQ PR PT PU (m) PV PX PY QS QU QW (I) QX QY QZ (b) V336 V338 V339 V347 V348 V351 V363 V368 V376 V378 V390 V392 V397 V420 V436 V438 V443 V445 V468 (d) V510 V574 V575 V596 V597 V598 HR 2157 2158 2178 2187 2204 2211 2348 (G) 2384 2462 (v) 2475 2482 2488 2518 (x) 2548 (X) 2549 2558 2563 2579 2594 2604 2608 2612 2619 (t) 2626 2641 2658 2666 (C) 2667 2668 2672 (H) 2677 2685 2687 2691 (D) 2702 (A) 2719 2727 (E) 2759 2762 2769 2770 2771 2789 (M) 2791 (F) 2794 2829 2856 2860 2863 2868 2870 2873 2874 2875 (y) 2881 2895 2897 2899 2900 2906 2909 (n) 2910 (n) 2913 2916 2922 (p) 2923 2933 2937 (f) 2940 (y) 2945 2948 (k) 2949 (k) 2954 (e) 2955 2956 2959 2960 2961 (d) 2963 (d) 2964 (d) 2976 2981 2984 2988 2994 2998 3001 3002 (W) 3007 3011 3017 (c) 3018 3019 3020 3023 3027 3035 3037 3042 3043 3046 (Q) 3051 3052 3055 (P) 3057 3060 3068 3069 3071 3074 3079 3080 (a) 3085 3089 3090 (J) 3091 3092 3096 3101 3111 3114 3116 (N) 3118 3121 (O) 3131 3137 3140 3142 3143 3148 3154 3155 3160 3166 3177 3183 3190 3194 3199 3205 3219 3226 3233 3238 3239 3241 3242 3243 (h) 3251 3253 3259 3261 3266 3270 (q) 3273 3276 3279 3281 3282 (w) 3283 3286 3291 3308 3315 3316 3317 3320 3324 3326 HD 44594 48265 (Nosaxa) 49798 50499 53680 59235 61005 61589 61750 62542 63291 63399 63696 63734 63754 64568 65638 66885 67408 69904 70642 Other 2MASS 0729−39 2MASS J08152329-3859234 Bran 76 Gliese 257 Gliese 283 Gliese 300 L 745-46A NGC 2423-3 Nova Puppis 1673 OH 231.8+4.2 PSR B0740−28 PSR B0808−13 PSR J0737−3039 PSR J0738−4042 RX J0812.4−3114 RX J0822−4300 SCR J0740−4257 SWIFT J0732.5−1331 4U 0728-25 WASP-121 WD 0810–353
Exoplanets HD 48265 b (Naqaỹa) HD 50499 b HD 60532 b c HD 69830 b c d HD 70642 b WASP-121b (Tylos)
Star clusters	NGC 2298 2439 2451 2477 2509 2527 2539 2546 Other Arp-Madore 2 Collinder 135
Nebulae	NGC 2438 2440 2452 2467 Other Calabash Nebula Gum Nebula
Galaxies	NGC 2328 2525 2566
Category

• Puppis
• Henry Draper Catalogue objects
• Hipparcos objects
• Gliese and GJ objects
• Bright Star Catalogue objects
• F-type main-sequence stars
• K-type main-sequence stars
• Multiple star systems
• Spectroscopic binaries
• Durchmusterung objects