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An eroge (エロゲ or エロゲー, erogē; pronounced [e̞ɾó̞ɡe̞(ː)]), also called an H-game, is a Japanese genre of erotic video game. The term encompasses a wide variety of Japanese games containing erotic content across multiple genres. The first eroge were created in the 1980s, and many well-known companies in the Japanese gaming industry originally produced and distributed them. Some eroge are primarily focused on erotic content, while others, such as Key's Kanon, only contain occasional scenes in an otherwise non-erotic work. Games in the latter category are often re-released with sexual content removed for general audiences. Throughout its history, the genre has faced controversy for its use of explicit sexual content, and as a result has been banned from several console platforms.

Video games
Platforms Arcade video game Console game Game console Home console Handheld console Electronic game Audio game Electronic handheld Online game Browser game Social-network game Mobile game PC game Linux Mac Virtual reality game
Genres Action Shooter Action-adventure Adventure Casual Puzzle Role-playing Simulation Sports Racing Strategy
Lists Arcade games highest-grossing Best-selling games franchises Most-played mobile games Games considered the best Game of the Year soundtracks Negative reception Cancelled games
Development Producer Developer Designer Artist Programmer Design Level design Programming Engine AI Graphics Music Testing
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Etymology

Eroge is a portmanteau of "erotic game" (エロチックゲーム, erochikku gēmu). Such games are also referred to as an "H-game" (Hゲーム).

History

Eroge is a Japanese erotic video game. The earliest known commercial erotic computer game is PSK's Lolita Yakyūken, released in 1982. That same year, Koei released the erotic title, Seduction of the Condominium Wife (団地妻の誘惑, Danchi Zuma no Yūwaku), which was an early role-playing adventure game with color graphics, owing to the eight-color palette of the PC-8001 computer. It became a hit, helping Koei become a major software company.

In another opinion, Yuji Horii recalled in 1986 that he saw a demonstration of a Yakyūken-like game running on the FM-8 in the end of 1981, and he considered Yakyūken was the origin of adult games. Some writers say that Yakyūken produced for Sharp MZ computers by Hudson Soft is the first Japanese adult game.

Other now-famous Japanese companies such as Enix, Square and Nihon Falcom also released erotic adult games for the PC-8801 computer in the early 1980s before they became mainstream. Early eroge usually had simple stories, some even involving anal sex, which often led to widespread condemnation from the Japanese media. In some of the early erotic games, the erotic content is meaningfully integrated into a thoughtful and mature storytelling, though others often used it as a flimsy excuse for pornography. Erotic games made the PC-8801 popular, but customers quickly became tired of paying 8800 yen ($85) for such simple games. Soon, new genres were invented: ASCII's Chaos Angels, a role-playing-based eroge, inspired Dragon Knight by Elf and Rance by AliceSoft.

In the early 1990s eroge games became much more common. Most eroge games, a fairly large library, found its way on the PC-9801 platform. FM Towns also received many games, more so than the X68000 or MS-DOS, whilst the MSX platform (which had many eroge games in the 1980s) was nearing the end of its lifetime. Eroge was much less common on consoles – only NEC's PC Engine series had officially licensed adult games, and from the mid-90s, Sega's Saturn. Both Nintendo and Sony disallowed adult video games on their consoles. Games also started to appear on Windows as it grew in popularity. There were also some titles on the arcades, such as the Gals Panic series.

In 1992, Elf released Dōkyūsei. In it, before any eroticism, the user has to first win the affection of one of a number of female characters, making the story into an interactive romance novel. Thus, the love simulation genre was invented. Soon afterwards, the video game Otogirisou on the Super Famicom attracted the attention of many Japanese gamers. Otogirisou was a standard adventure game but had multiple endings. This concept was called a "sound novel".

In 1996, the new software developer and publisher Leaf expanded on this idea, calling it a visual novel and releasing their first successful game, Shizuku, a horror story starring a rapist high school student, with very highly reviewed writing and music. Their next game, Kizuato, was almost as dark. However, in 1997, they released To Heart, a sweetly sentimental story of high school love that became one of the most famous and trendsetting eroge ever. To Heart's music was so popular it was added to karaoke machines throughout Japan—a first for eroge.

In response to increasing pressure from Japanese lobby groups, in mid-1996 Sega of Japan announced that they would no longer permit Sega Saturn games to include nudity.

After a similar game by Tactics, One: Kagayaku Kisetsu e, became a hit in 1998, Visual Arts scouted main creative staff of One to form a new brand under them, which became Key. In 1999, Key released Kanon. It contains only about seven brief erotic scenes in a sentimental story the size of a long novel (an all-ages version was also released afterward), but the enthusiasm of the response was unprecedented, and Kanon sold over 300,000 copies. In 2002 a 13-episode anime series was produced, as well as another 24-episode anime series in 2006. According to Satoshi Todome's A History of Eroge, Kanon is still the standard for modern eroge and is referred to as a "baptism" for young otaku in Japan. Although many eroge still market themselves primarily on sex, eroge that focus on story are now a major established part of Japanese otaku culture. Voice actors who have voiced for eroge have often been credited under a pseudonym.

As the visual novel standard was adopted, the erotic parts in eroge began to become less and less apparent. Many eroge become more story-oriented than sex-oriented, making story the main focus for many modern eroge. More and more people who used to reject such type of games began to become more open-minded, realizing that eroge are not just about sex anymore. A lot of story-focused eroge tend to have only a few erotic scenes.

Another subgenre is called "nukige" (抜きゲー, Nukigē), in which sexual gratification of the player is the main focus of the game.

Gameplay

There is no set definition for the gameplay of eroge, except that they all include explicit erotic or sexual content depending on the game. Like other pornographic media in Japan, erotic scenes feature censorship of genitalia, only becoming uncensored if the game is licensed and released outside Japan, unless produced illegally by dōjin (usually with a construction kit like NScripter or RPG Maker). Additionally, some games may receive an "all-ages" version, such as a port to consoles or handheld devices where pornographic content is not allowed, which either remove or censor the sex scenes entirely.

Eroge is most often a visual novel or dating sim. However, there are also many other gameplay genres represented within eroge, such as role-playing games, mahjong games, or puzzle games. Some eroge, such as those made by Illusion Soft, are just simulations of sex, with no "conventional" gameplay included.

See also

• Bishōjo game
• Hentai § Origin of erotic games
• List of eroge
• Sex and nudity in video games
• Visual novel

References

1. Sahdev, Ishaan (2009-12-29). "State Of The Japanese Eroge Market". Siliconera. Retrieved 2024-10-31.
2. Wood, Andrea (2011). "Choose Your Own Queer Erotic Adventure: Young Adults, Boys Love Computer Games, and the Sexual Politics of Visual Play". In Kenneth B. Kidd, Michelle Ann Abate (ed.). Over the rainbow : queer children's and young adult literature. University of Michigan Press. pp. 354–379. ISBN 978-0-472-07146-3.
3. "Lolita: Yakyūken (1982)".
4. "Danchizuma no Yuuwaku". Legendra. Archived from the original on 2011-07-13. Retrieved 2011-03-16.
5. "Danchi-zuma no Yuuwaku". GameSpot. Retrieved 2011-03-16.
6. Pesimo, Rudyard Contretas (2007). "'Asianizing' Animation in Asia: Digital Content Identity Construction Within the Animation Landscapes of Japan and Thailand" (PDF). Reflections on the Human Condition: Change, Conflict and Modernity—The Work of the 2004/2005 API Fellows. The Nippon Foundation. pp. 124–160. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-09-04.
7. Horii, Yuji (1986). "ゆう坊の虹色ディップスイッチ - ふぁんくしょん：5 アダルトソフトの巻(前編)". Log in (in Japanese). 5 (8). ASCII Corporation: 162–163. ISSN 0286-486X.
8. Maeda, Hiroyuki (2015). ぼくたちの美少女ゲーム クロニクル (in Japanese). オークス. p. 6. ISBN 9784799008096.
9. Miyamoto, Naoki (2017). エロゲー文化研究概論 増補改訂版 (in Japanese). 総合科学出版. pp. 18–19. ISBN 9784881818596.
10. ^ Retro Japanese Computers: Gaming's Final Frontier, Hardcore Gaming 101, reprinted from Retro Gamer, Issue 67, 2009
11. Svensson, Christian (August 1996). "Sega Sees Naked Truth". Next Generation. No. 20. Imagine Media. p. 22.
12. A History of Eroge
13. "Visual novel database" on nukige, "Plot serves the sex-scenes, not the other way round."

Further reading

• Galbraith, Patrick W. (2021). "'For Japan Only?' Crossing and Re-inscribing Boundaries in the Circulation of Adult Computer Games". In Lee, Micky; Chung, Peichi (eds.). Media Technologies for Work and Play in East Asia: Critical Perspectives on Japan and the Two Koreas. Bristol: Bristol University Press. ISBN 978-1-5292-1336-2. OCLC 1242746383.
• Galbraith, Patrick W. (2017). The Politics of Imagination: Virtual Regulation and the Ethics of Affect in Japan (PhD). Duke University. Retrieved 2020-01-09.
• Galbraith, Patrick W. (2017). "RapeLay and the return of the sex wars in Japan". Porn Studies. 4 (1): 105–126. doi:10.1080/23268743.2016.1252159. ISSN 2326-8743. Archived from the original on 2021-07-18. Retrieved 2020-06-21.
• Pelletier-Gagnon, Jérémie; Picard, Martin (2015). "Beyond Rapelay: Self-regulation in the Japanese Erotic Video Game Industry". In Wysocki, Matthew; Lauteria, Evan W. (eds.). Rated M for mature: sex and sexuality in video games. New York: Bloomsbury Academic. ISBN 978-1-62892-574-6. OCLC 891610577.
• Galbraith, Patrick W. (2011). "Bishōjo Games: 'Techno-Intimacy' and the Virtually Human in Japan". Game Studies. 11 (2). Retrieved 2019-01-09.

External links

• A History of Eroge (archived from the original)
• The Bluffer's Guide to Hentai Games (Eurogamer)

v t e Video game genres
List of video game genres
Action	Platformer Endless runner Platform fighter Shooter Arena First-person Hero Light gun Shoot 'em up Bullet hell Rail Twin-stick Tactical Third-person Survival Battle royale Survival horror Other Beat 'em up Hack and slash Fighting Platform fighter Maze Pac-Man clone Snake Stealth
Action-adventure	Grand Theft Auto clone Metroidvania
Adventure	Escape room Graphic adventure Interactive fiction Interactive film Visual novel Walking sim
Digital tabletop	Deck-building Roguelike deck-building Digital collectible card
Puzzle	Hidden object Sokoban Tile-matching
Role-playing	Action role-playing Looter shooter Soulslike Dungeon crawl MMORPG Monster-taming Roguelike Roguelike deck-building Tactical role-playing
Simulation	Life Dating Farming God Social Virtual pet CMS Business City-building Government Sports Fishing Racing Kart racing Sim racing Vehicle Flight simulation Combat Lunar Lander Space Submarine simulator Train simulator Vehicular combat Other Falling-sand Immersive sim
Strategy	4X Auto battler MOBA Real-time strategy Time management Real-time tactics Tactical role-playing Tower defense Turn-based strategy Turn-based tactics Artillery Wargame Grand strategy
Other genres	Cozy Fitness Horror Survival horror Incremental Music Rhythm Non-game Party Photography Programming Typing
Related concepts	Themes Advergame Bishōjo Christian Comedy Educational Girls Licensed Otome Sexual Eroge Nonviolent Personalized Sci-fi Serious Art Climate change News Player modes Multiplayer Co-op MMO PVP Single-player Production AAA Indie Doujin soft Fan game Design Casual Hypercasual Emergent gameplay FMV Gacha Kaizo Masocore Nonlinear gameplay Open world Sandbox Side-scrolling Twitch gameplay Vertically scrolling Other Minigame Toys-to-life Video game clone Video game modding Video game remake

• Eroge
• Video game genres