Misplaced Pages

Violator
Studio album by Depeche Mode
Released	19 March 1990 (1990-03-19)
Recorded	1989
Studio	Logic (Milan) Puk (Gjerlev) The Church (London) Master Rock (London) Axis (New York City)
Genre	Synth-pop electropop alternative rock dance gothic rock
Length	47:02
Label	Mute
Producer	Depeche Mode Flood
Depeche Mode chronology
101 (1989) Violator (1990) Songs of Faith and Devotion (1993)
Singles from Violator
"Personal Jesus" Released: 29 August 1989 "Enjoy the Silence" Released: 5 February 1990 "Policy of Truth" Released: 7 May 1990 "World in My Eyes" Released: 17 September 1990

Violator is the seventh studio album by English electronic music band Depeche Mode. It was first released on 19 March 1990 by Mute Records internationally, and by Sire and Reprise Records in the United States.

Preceded by the singles "Personal Jesus" and "Enjoy the Silence" (a top-10 entry in both the United Kingdom and the United States), the album propelled the band into international stardom, and also yielded the singles "Policy of Truth" and "World in My Eyes". Violator reached number two on the UK Albums Chart, and was the band's first album to chart inside the top 10 of the Billboard 200, peaking at number seven. The album was supported by the World Violation Tour.

Background

Depeche Mode had supported their previous album, Music for the Masses (1987), with the Music for the Masses Tour, which ran from late 1987 through mid-1988, which itself was supported by the live release 101, released in March 1989. A few months later, Martin Gore released his first solo album, Counterfeit EP. By the middle of 1989, the full band was recording together, and they released the single "Personal Jesus" in August, a full 7 months before the album itself.

Recording

Violator was recorded in 1989 in Milan, Italy, and Denmark. On the album, Depeche Mode worked with Flood as producer for the first time, and François Kevorkian was responsible for the sound mix. Compared to previous albums, the band decided to try a new approach to recording. Alan Wilder said, "Usually we begin the making of a record by having extensive pre-production meetings where we decide what the record will actually sound like, then go into a programming studio. This time we decided to keep all pre-production work to a minimum. We were beginning to have a problem with boredom in that we felt we'd reached a certain level of achievement in doing things a certain way." Martin Gore elaborated, "Over the last five years I think we'd perfected a formula; my demos, a month in a programming studio, etc. etc. We decided that our first record of the '90s ought to be different."

With co-producer Flood, Wilder began a complementary working relationship, with Flood able to provide the technical know-how and Wilder working on the arrangements and song textures. "That's how we made the group work at that time", clarified Wilder, "by accepting that we all had different roles and not actually all trying to do the same thing. So we ended up with this unwritten agreement in the band, where we'd all throw together a few ideas at the beginning of a track. Then Fletch and Mart would go away, and they'd come back after we'd worked on it for a while to give an opinion."

There was also a notable change in Gore's demos. After the rigid, limiting effects of almost-finished demos for Music for the Masses, Gore, agreeing to Wilder's request, kept them less complete this time around. Several of the basic recordings consisted of vocals over a simple guitar or organ part, with the odd percussion loop, but less sequenced material. The sparse demos allowed the band to take creative liberties with the songs. For instance, "Enjoy the Silence" started out as a slow ballad, but at Wilder's suggestion became a pulsating, up-tempo track.

The band convened to work on the record with Flood at Mute's WorldWide programming room in London for three weeks after which they flew to Milan for the new sessions at Logic studios. According to Flood, they did not do a substantial amount of work in Milan, except for the song "Personal Jesus", which was crucial in setting the tone and spirit of the album. "Everybody was feeling each other out, because they wanted to try working in a different way. The idea was to work hard and party hard and we all enjoyed ourselves to the full." After Milan the band relocated to Puk studios in northern Denmark, where most of the album was recorded.

Composition

Musically, Violator has been described as synth-pop, electropop, alternative rock, dance, and gothic rock. Gore called the track "World in My Eyes" a very positive song: "It's saying that love and sex and pleasure are positive things." The song "Blue Dress", which Gore called "pervy", is simply about "watching a girl dress and realising that this is 'what makes the world turn.'" With "Halo", Gore said, "I'm saying 'let's give in to this' but there's also a real feeling of wrongfulness I suppose my songs do seem to advocate immorality but if you listen there's always a sense of guilt." The closing track, "Clean", was inspired by Pink Floyd's song "One of These Days", from their 1971 album Meddle. Said Wilder, "they were doing something very different to anyone else at that time – you can hear electronics in there, and the influence of classical music. It's got a very repetitive, synthesised sound, and the bass riffs with the echo have a very hypnotic groove that underpins it. We basically nicked that idea ".

Regarding the album's title, Gore said, "We called it Violator as a joke. We wanted to come up with the most extreme, ridiculously Heavy Metal title that we could. I'll be surprised if people will get the joke."

Reception

Critical

Retrospective professional ratings

Review scores
Source	Rating
AllMusic
Blender
Christgau's Consumer Guide	C−
The Guardian
Mojo
Pitchfork	7.9/10
Q
Rolling Stone
Spin
Uncut

In a contemporary review for Melody Maker, music critic Paul Lester called Violator "Depeche Mode's most arresting work to date." Tim Nicholson of Record Mirror was enthused by the stripped-down quality of the songs and called the album a "compromise between pop music and something a little more sinister", adding: "There are no noises out of place in this perfectly formed void." Ian Cranna of Q found the music subtly clever and deemed Violator "a fine record which may not set the world on fire but deserves to singe it a bit." NME writer Helen Mead felt that the album "seems almost a step back, in that it's cleaner, sparser, more clinical" than Music for the Masses, but concluded that "there is security in the knowledge that everything is very clear cut in Depeche Mode's blue and white world."

In a less enthusiastic review, Robert Christgau said that Depeche Mode conceded to fickle teenage demographics on Violator. Rolling Stone magazine's Chuck Eddy said that, despite the album's "ambient charm", Gahan sounds "slimy and self-involved", and in their attempt to make listeners dance, Depeche Mode "revert to morose pop psychology and then never tell you how come they're so sad." For Entertainment Weekly, Greg Sandow wrote that the songs "hint at unspecified meanings, in a mannered way that might well be called pompous".

Among retrospective appraisals, AllMusic critic Ned Raggett viewed Violator as "song for song ... simply the best, most consistent effort yet from the band", while Blender's Dennis Lim deemed it Depeche Mode's "career peak" and "justifiably their biggest critical and commercial success". Barry Walters of Rolling Stone identified the album as one of the "key stages in the band's evolution", citing its emphasis on "heavier hooks, cinematic arrangements and sleek sonic detail." In Mojo, Danny Eccleston wrote that Violator found Depeche Mode merging "European and US paradigms much as U2 had done in the mid-'80s", transforming them "from an arena-level electro-pop unit into a global stadium rock band". Writing for Q, John Aizlewood singled out Flood's production on the album for praise, saying that the resulting "warmth" of the music "has helped Violator to age with consummate grace." Sal Cinquemani of Slant Magazine called the album "a quintessential benchmark of pop, rock, and electronic music".

Violator was ranked number 57 on Rolling Stone's 2010 list of the 100 best albums of the 1990s. It was ranked number 342 on the 2003 and 2012 editions of the magazine's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time, and number 167 on the list's 2020 edition. Violator has also featured on lists of the greatest albums of all time made by publications such as Q and Spin, and is included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.

Commercial

As a sign of their rising popularity when Violator was released, a signing party for fans at a Wherehouse record store in Los Angeles that was expected to draw only a few thousand fans ended up drawing around 17,000. The band were forced to withdraw from the event due to security concerns, and their early exit nearly caused a riot. Violator reached number 17 on the Billboard 200-year-end chart of 1990, and was the first Depeche Mode album to sell a million copies in the United States.

The success of Violator introduced the band to a wider audience, and this increased exposure led to their 1993 follow-up album Songs of Faith and Devotion debuting at the top of the charts in both the United States and United Kingdom. "Before this, we'd been going along quite nicely," recalled Andy Fletcher. "Then when it came to Violator we inexplicably went huge. It was just incredible, and in many ways we never really recovered from that. After that, we just felt like we wanted to muck it up a bit."

Re-release

This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

As part of Mute's 2006 reissue schedule, Violator was re-released as a hybrid Super Audio CD + DVD-Video package on 3 April 2006 that included two-channel and 5.1 surround mixes of the album. The six B-sides to the Violator singles—"Dangerous", "Memphisto", "Sibeling", "Kaleid", "Happiest Girl", and "Sea of Sin"—also appear, albeit without the surround sound treatment. The reissue did not reach the US until 6 June 2006. The US version lacked the hybrid SACD and instead included a separate CD and DVD. The DVD was identical to the European DVD but in NTSC format instead of PAL. The lack of SACD is due to the titles being distributed in North America by Warner, who do not support the SACD format.

A 32-minute short film, titled Depeche Mode 1989–90 (If You Wanna Use Guitars, Use Guitars), featured interviews with the band, Daniel Miller, Flood, François Kevorkian (who mixed the album), Anton Corbijn (who directed the music videos and did the album's photography/cover), and others. It also includes news footage from the infamous "riot" in Los Angeles, which gave the band media publicity the day before Violator came out. The band were scheduled to do autographs in an LA music store, and the line became extremely long, stretching towards twenty-thousand people, and the event had to be cancelled shortly after it began due to problems keeping them in order. There is also footage from Strange Too, notably clips from the music videos for "Halo" and "Clean".

The remastered album was released on "deluxe" vinyl on 2 March 2007 in Germany and on 5 March 2007 internationally.

Track listing

All tracks are written by Martin L. Gore. All lead vocals by Dave Gahan, except where noted

Notes

1. Both the original US and the original UK vinyl editions have a shorter version of "Personal Jesus".
2. According to the band's website, the original title for "Waiting for the Night" was "Waiting for the Night to Fall" and the rest of the title was omitted due to a printing error. However, during an online Q&A session, Alan Wilder claimed that the story was "incorrect."
3. "Enjoy the Silence" includes hidden track "Interlude #2 (Crucified)" at 4:21
4. "Blue Dress" includes hidden track "Interlude #3" at 4:18

Japanese first pressing

A double-disc version was released in March 1990 in Japan. It comes in a thick double CD jewel case with the twelve-page lyric inlay booklet, sixteen-page Japanese insert, "Enjoy the Silence" insert, and forty-page 1991 wall calendar. The second edition double CD was fixed and included "Enjoy the Silence" (Hands and Feet mix) instead of the edited Ecstatic dub mix.

2006 reissue

• Disc one is a hybrid SACD/CD with a multi-channel SACD layer, with the same track listing as the 1990 release. Bonus tracks are in PCM Stereo (48 kHz/16bit).
• Disc two is a DVD which includes the documentary Depeche Mode 1989–90 (If You Wanna Use Guitars, Use Guitars), Violator in DTS 5.1, Dolby Digital 5.1 and PCM Stereo (48 kHz/24bit), in addition to the following bonus tracks:

All tracks are written by Martin L. Gore

Personnel

Credits adapted from the liner notes of Violator.

Depeche Mode

• Alan Wilder
• David Gahan
• Andrew Fletcher
• Martin Gore

Technical

• Depeche Mode – production
• Flood – production (all tracks); mixing ("Enjoy the Silence")
• François Kevorkian – mixing (all tracks except "Enjoy the Silence")
• Daniel Miller – mixing ("Enjoy the Silence")
• Pino Pischetola – engineering
• Peter Iversen – engineering
• Steve Lyon – engineering
• Goh Hotoda – engineering
• Alan Gregorie – engineering
• Dennis Mitchell – engineering
• Phil Legg – engineering
• Daryl Bamonte – engineering assistance
• Dick Meaney – engineering assistance
• David Browne – engineering assistance
• Mark Flannery – engineering assistance

Artwork

• Anton Corbijn – sleeve
• Area – sleeve

Charts

Certifications and sales

References

1. Smith, Robin (17 February 1990). "This Week - The Next Seven Days in View: Releases". Record Mirror. p. 28. ISSN 0144-5804.
2. "Index: Depeche Mode". Record Mirror. 26 September 1987. p. 2. ISSN 0144-5804.
3. Raggett, Ned. "101 – Depeche Mode". AllMusic. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
4. AllMusic review
5. "Personal Jesus". archives.depechemode.com. Retrieved 29 August 2022.
6. ^ Violator (remaster) (CD booklet). Depeche Mode. Sire Records. 2006. R2 77594.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
7. ^ Maconie, Stuart (17 February 1990). "Sin Machine". NME. London. pp. 34–35. ISSN 0028-6362. Archived from the original on 4 January 2009. Retrieved 22 October 2011 – via Sacred DM.
8. ^ Malins 2001, p. 143
9. Malins 2001, pp. 143–144
10. Malins 2001, pp. 144–145
11. Fleischer, Norman (19 March 2015). "Celebrating 25 Years of Depeche Mode's 'Violator'". Nothing but Hope and Passion. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
12. Staples, Derek; Pearce, Sheldon (25 March 2015). "Depeche Mode's Violator Turns 25". Consequence. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
13. "Top 15 Electropop Albums". Classic Pop. 25 August 2021.
14. Unterberger, Andrew (21 March 2007). "Depeche Mode vs. The Cure – Vs". Stylus Magazine. Archived from the original on 10 February 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
15. ^ Cinquemani, Sal (29 September 2003). "Review: Depeche Mode, Violator". Slant Magazine. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
16. Turner, Luke (9 May 2011). "Alan Wilder Of Recoil & Depeche Mode's 13 Favourite LPs". The Quietus. p. 14. Retrieved 18 November 2015.
17. ^ Raggett, Ned. "Violator – Depeche Mode". AllMusic. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
18. ^ Lim, Dennis (August 2006). "Losing Their Religion". Blender. Vol. 5, no. 7. New York. p. 125. ISSN 1534-0554. Archived from the original on 19 October 2006. Retrieved 17 June 2023.
19. ^ Christgau, Robert (2000). "Depeche Mode: Violator". Christgau's Consumer Guide: Albums of the '90s. St. Martin's Griffin. p. 76. ISBN 0-312-24560-2. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
20. Lynskey, Dorian (14 April 2006). "Depeche Mode, Violator". The Guardian. London. "Film & Music" section, p. 10. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
21. ^ Eccleston, Danny (April 2023). "A Question of Time". Mojo. No. 353. London. p. 72. ISSN 1351-0193.
22. Abebe, Nitsuh (20 July 2006). "Depeche Mode: Speak & Spell / Music for the Masses / Violator". Pitchfork. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
23. ^ Aizlewood, John (May 2006). "Electric Storm". Q. No. 238. London. pp. 134–135. ISSN 0955-4955.
24. ^ Walters, Barry (29 June 2006). "Just Can't Get Enough". Rolling Stone. No. 1003. New York. p. 74. ISSN 0035-791X.
25. Dolan, Jon (July 2006). "Reissues". Spin. Vol. 22, no. 7. New York. p. 87. ISSN 0886-3032. Retrieved 21 July 2013.
26. Dalton, Stephen (May 2001). "Enjoy the Silence: 20 Years of Depeche Mode Albums". Uncut. No. 48. London. p. 66. ISSN 1368-0722.
27. Lester, Paul (10 March 1990). "Life Support Machine". Melody Maker. London. p. 38. ISSN 0025-9012.
28. Nicholson, Tim (17 March 1990). "Depeche Mode: Violator". Record Mirror. London. p. 18. ISSN 0144-5804.
29. Cranna, Ian (April 1990). "Insidious". Q. No. 43. London. p. 77. ISSN 0955-4955. Archived from the original on 12 September 1999. Retrieved 5 August 2023.
30. Mead, Helen (17 March 1990). "Violators Are Blue". NME. London. p. 37. ISSN 0028-6362.
31. Eddy, Chuck (14 June 1990). "Violator". Rolling Stone. New York. ISSN 0035-791X. Retrieved 2 August 2018.
32. Sandow, Greg (16 March 1990). "Violator". Entertainment Weekly. No. 5. New York. ISSN 1049-0434. Retrieved 24 June 2011.
33. Eccleston, Danny (April 2023). "Reconstruction Time Again". Mojo. No. 353. London. pp. 68–71, 73–77. ISSN 1351-0193.
34. "100 Best Albums of the '90s". The '90s: The Inside Stories from the Decade That Rocked. Harper Design. 2010. pp. 282–297. ISBN 978-0-06-177920-6. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
35. "500 Greatest Albums of All Time – Depeche Mode: Violator". Rolling Stone (special ed.). New York. November 2003. ISSN 0035-791X. Archived from the original on 24 April 2009. Retrieved 12 August 2011.
36. "500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. 31 May 2012. Retrieved 9 September 2019.
37. "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. 22 September 2020. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2020.
38. "2003 Q Magazine Readers' 100 Greatest Albums Ever". Q. No. 198. London. January 2003. ISSN 0955-4955. Archived from the original on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 14 October 2011 – via timepieces.nl.
39. "The 101–105 Best Albums of the Spin Era". Spin. Vol. 21, no. 7. New York. July 2005. p. 82. ISSN 0886-3032. Retrieved 21 January 2017.
40. MacDonald, Bruno (2006). "Depeche Mode: Violator". In Dimery, Robert (ed.). 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. Universe Publishing. p. 640. ISBN 978-0-7893-1371-3.
41. ^ Giles, Jeff (12–26 July 1990). "Depeche Mode Want Your Respect". Rolling Stone. No. 582/583. New York. pp. 60–65. ISSN 0035-791X. Retrieved 29 April 2021.
42. ^ "Billboard 200 Albums – Year-End 1990". Billboard. Archived from the original on 17 May 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
43. Partridge, Kenneth (19 March 2015). "Depeche Mode's 'Violator' at 25: Classic Track-by-Track Review". Billboard. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
44. Q. May 2001.
45. ^ "Depeche Mode: The Archives – Violator". DepecheMode.com. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
46. "Discography – Violator". DepecheMode.com. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
47. Wilder, Alan. "Violator". Shunt - the Official Recoil Website. Retrieved 24 July 2020. Is it correct that the right title was 'Waiting For The Night To Fall'?" "Incorrect.
48. ^ "Classic Album: Violator – Depeche Mode". Classic Pop. 21 March 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
49. ^ Carra, Mallory (19 March 2015). "Ranking Depeche Mode's 'Violator' Tracks Because '80s Synthpop Is Always in Style". Bustle. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
50. ^ McElroy, David (19 March 2015). "Classic Album – Violator by Depeche Mode". XS Noize. Retrieved 22 September 2019.
51. "Depeche Mode – Violator (1990, CD) - Discogs". Discogs.
52. Violator (liner notes). Depeche Mode. Mute Records. 1990. CDSTUMM64.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link)
53. "Australiancharts.com – Depeche Mode – Violator". Hung Medien. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
54. "Austriancharts.at – Depeche Mode – Violator" (in German). Hung Medien. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
55. ^ "Top 3 Albums in Europe". Music & Media. Vol. 7, no. 20. 19 May 1990. p. VII. OCLC 29800226.
56. "Top RPM Albums: Issue 9033". RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
57. "Dutchcharts.nl – Depeche Mode – Violator" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
58. "European Top 100 Albums". Music & Media. Vol. 7, no. 14. 7 April 1990. p. VIII. OCLC 29800226.
59. Pennanen, Timo (2006). Sisältää hitin – levyt ja esittäjät Suomen musiikkilistoilla vuodesta 1972 (in Finnish) (1st ed.). Helsinki: Kustannusosakeyhtiö Otava. ISBN 978-951-1-21053-5.
60. "Offiziellecharts.de – Depeche Mode – Violator" (in German). GfK Entertainment Charts. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
61. "Top 3 Albums in Europe". Music & Media. Vol. 7, no. 17. 28 April 1990. p. VII. OCLC 29800226.
62. "Ísland (LP-plötur)". DV (in Icelandic). 4 May 1990. p. 35. ISSN 1021-8254 – via Timarit.is.
63. "Classifiche". Musica e dischi (in Italian). Retrieved 2 July 2022. Select "Album" in the "Tipo" field, type "Violator" in the "Titolo" field and press "cerca".
64. "デペッシュ・モードのアルバム売り上げランキング" [Depeche Mode album sales ranking] (in Japanese). Oricon. Archived from the original on 7 December 2013. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
65. "Charts.nz – Depeche Mode – Violator". Hung Medien. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
66. "Norwegiancharts.com – Depeche Mode – Violator". Hung Medien. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
67. Salaverrie, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Madrid: Fundación Autor/SGAE. ISBN 84-8048-639-2.
68. "Swedishcharts.com – Depeche Mode – Violator". Hung Medien. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
69. "Swisscharts.com – Depeche Mode – Violator". Hung Medien. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
70. "Official Albums Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
71. "Distribution Top Indie – Top 20 Albums". Music Week. 7 April 1990. p. 41. ISSN 0265-1548.
72. "Depeche Mode Chart History (Billboard 200)". Billboard. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
73. "Album Top 40 slágerlista – 2013. 22. hét" (in Hungarian). MAHASZ. Retrieved 9 January 2017.
74. "Oficjalna lista sprzedaży :: OLiS - Official Retail Sales Chart". OLiS. Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
75. "Depeche Mode Chart History (Top Dance/Electronic Albums)". Billboard. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
76. "Jahreshitparade Alben 1990". austriancharts.at (in German). Retrieved 9 January 2017.
77. "Top 100 Albums of 1990". RPM. Vol. 53, no. 6. 22 December 1990. p. 12. ISSN 0033-7064 – via Library and Archives Canada.
78. "European Top 100 Albums – 1990". Music & Media. Vol. 7, no. 51. 22 December 1990. p. 38. OCLC 29800226.
79. "Top 100 Album-Jahrescharts – 1990" (in German). GfK Entertainment. Retrieved 25 January 2016.
80. "1990 Top 100 Albums". Music Week. 2 March 1991. p. 39. ISSN 0265-1548.
81. "Top Dance/Electronic Albums – Year-End 2023". Billboard. Retrieved 24 November 2023.
82. "Austrian album certifications – Depeche Mode – Violator" (in German). IFPI Austria. 23 June 1992.
83. "Canadian album certifications – Depeche Mode – Violator". Music Canada. 28 September 1990.
84. "French album certifications – Depeche Mode – Violator" (in French). InfoDisc. Retrieved 26 November 2021. Select DEPECHE MODE and click OK. 
85. "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Depeche Mode; 'Violator')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie.
86. ^ "Violating Sales" (PDF). Music & Media. Vol. 7, no. 51. 22 December 1990. p. 16. OCLC 29800226 – via World Radio History.
87. "Italian album certifications – Depeche Mode – Violator" (in Italian). Federazione Industria Musicale Italiana. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
88. "OLiS - oficjalna lista wyróżnień" (in Polish). Polish Society of the Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 22 March 2023. Click "TYTUŁ" and enter Violator in the search box.
89. Salaverrie, Fernando (September 2005). Sólo éxitos: año a año, 1959–2002 (PDF) (in Spanish) (1st ed.). Madrid: Fundación Autor/SGAE. p. 928. ISBN 84-8048-639-2. Retrieved 16 June 2018.
90. "Viva España – Best Sellers" (PDF). Billboard. Vol. 102, no. 49. 8 December 1990. p. VE-28 – via World Radio History.
91. "Guld- och Platinacertifikat − År 1987−1998" (PDF) (in Swedish). IFPI Sweden. 18 January 1991. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 May 2011.
92. "The Official Swiss Charts and Music Community: Awards ('Violator')". IFPI Switzerland. Hung Medien.
93. "British album certifications – Depeche Mode – Violator". British Phonographic Industry. 21 March 1990. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
94. "American album certifications – Depeche Mode – Violator". Recording Industry Association of America. 1 May 1996.
95. Chisena, Michele (15 January 2016). "Depeche Mode, in un libro la storia della band, tra cimeli e rarità: ecco "Monument"" [Depeche Mode, the band's history in a book, including memorabilia and rarities: here is "Monument"]. la Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 10 February 2021.

Bibliography

• Malins, Steve (2001). Depeche Mode: A Biography. Cooper Square Press. ISBN 978-0-233-99430-7.

External links

• Violator at Discogs (list of releases)
• Album information from the official Depeche Mode website
• Official remaster info

• 1990 albums
• Albums produced by Flood (producer)
• Depeche Mode albums
• Electropop albums
• Mute Records albums
• Reprise Records albums
• Sire Records albums
• Albums recorded at The Church Studios
• Gothic rock albums by English artists