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Hạ Long Thành Phố Hạ Long
Provincial city (Class-1)
From top to bottom, from left to right: a view of the city from Bài Thơ mountain, stalactites in Thiên Cung cave, Hạ Long Bay, resort on Rêu island in Bãi Cháy ward, Bãi Cháy Bridge
Seal
Hạ LongLocation in Vietnam
Coordinates: 20°57′N 107°05′E / 20.950°N 107.083°E / 20.950; 107.083
Country	Vietnam
Province	Quảng Ninh
Government
• Type	People's Committee and People's Council
• Chairman of People's Council	Nguyễn Thế Thịnh
• Chairman of People's Committee	Phạm Hồng Hà
Area
• Total	1,119.12 km (432.09 sq mi)
Population
• Total	270,054
• Density	240/km (620/sq mi)
Climate	Cwa
Website	halongcity.gov.vn

Hạ Long (Vietnamese: [hâːˀ lawŋm] | transl. 'descending dragon') is a first-class provincial city and the capital city of Quảng Ninh province, Vietnam. It was found in 1993, when the old capital, Hòn Gai, was merged with Bãi Cháy, the main tourist area. The city mainly lies on Hạ Long Bay, and is located at about 178 km (111 mi) east of Hà Nội. The city's population in 2019 was 270,054.

Overview

Hạ Long's economy shifted its economic focus from coal mining to tourism in 2012, due to the large number of visitors drawn by the Hạ Long Bay every year. Hạ Long enjoys rapid growth not only in its own tourism sphere, but also as a destination upon the main pathway to southern China. In the 2007 Vietnam-China Business Forum, a $400 million deal was signed to build a highway linking Hạ Long and the border city of Móng Cái. The highway began construction in 2015 and was completed in 2022.

Hạ Long is divided into two parts. The eastern part, known colloquially as Hòn Gai, where most of the governing offices and industrial infrastructure are concentrated, is connected by a cable-stayed bridge to the western part, Bãi Cháy, known as an area for tourism.

Location

Being a coastal city, Hạ Long bears unique potentials of tourism and seaport due to its land lies along the shore of Hạ Long Bay by 50 km. Hạ Long is 160 km to the north-east from Hà Nội, 60 km to the East from Hải Phòng, 180 km to the south-west from Móng Cái international border gate, and bounded by the Gulf of Tonkin to the south. Hạ Long has strategic location of economic development, security of the region and the country.

History

Mankind has been present in Hạ Long for a long time. Archaeologists and historians concluded that during the Stone Age, there had been three cultures known as Soi Nhụ, Hạ Long and Cái Bèo, affirming that the bay and its surrounding areas were one of the cradles of mankind. The heartland of today's Hạ Long is formerly a fishing village named Bãi Hàu (lit. 'Oyster coast'). By the beginning of the Dynasty of Nguyễn, it was renamed to Mẫu Lệ. The current city was then part of Hoành Bồ.

In 1883, during French rule, the French carried out coal mining in the mines on the bay's coast. As many islands were populated with hemp, the French called them Ile des brouilles or a name translated from "Hòn Gai" to "Hòn Gay", and later renamed them Hòn Gai. According to the researchers, "Hòn Gai" is a deviation from the place of the French Red Sea at that time. The "H" is a silent sound when spoken in French. During this period, Hòn Gai was an administrative unit of Quảng Yên province.

After the August Revolution in 1945, this township became the capital town of the huge Hồng Gai mine area. Later in 1946, the French retook Hòn Gai. After the 1954 Geneva Conference, Hòn Gai became the capital of the special district of Hồng Quảng. On October 30, 1963, the Vietnamese government combined Hải Ninh province and Hồng Quảng to establish the province of Quảng Ninh, with Hòn Gai becoming its capital, and the province's boundaries being expanded. The Hòn Gai town center provided coal for all industrial zones of North Vietnam. It was also one of the gateways that lead to China, and as such, it was frequently targeted by U.S. forces during the Vietnam War. The Bãi Cháy ferry line (decommissioned in 2007 and replaced by the Bãi Cháy Bridge) was the most important transportation hub, was the target of many U.S. bombardments, and was awarded Hero of the People's Armed Forces three times.

On December 27, 1993, the government issued Decree No. 102/CP, where Hòn Gai officially gained city status and was renamed to Hạ Long, while also incorporating Bãi Cháy into its territory.

On December 17, 2019, the city's committee announced its intention to incorporate Hoành Bồ into its territory.

Climate

Culture and society

In the south of the city lies Mount Bài Thơ with its almost vertical seaward face, which was widely traversed by a number of historically known local poets. The limestone peak is rich in biodiversity and offers attractive views of the bay. Other places of interest include the Town of Cửa Vận, Hoàng Gia Park, Hạ Long Market, Bãi Cháy Trading Center, Quảng Ninh Museum and Library, Tuần Châu island, Vietnam-Japan Cultural House, Children's Cultural House, and the Sun World complex.

The city has an active Catholic church in its eastern part, Hòn Gai, on the hill near the main post office, which hosts masses every Sunday evening and on Christian holidays.

Administrative divisions

The city is subdivided to 33 commune-level subdivisions, including 21 wards and 12 rural communes:

Economy

The city comprises five economic areas:

• Area 1: Trading, services including the wards of Yết Kiêu, Trần Hưng Đạo, Hồng Gai, Bạch Đằng, Hồng Hải, Hồng Hà, Cao Xanh and Cao Thắng.
• Area 2: Industry, forestry including the wards of Hà Trung, Hà Tu, Hà Khánh, Hà Lầm and Hà Phong.
• Area 3: Industry, seaports including north-west of Bãi Cháy, north of Việt Hưng, Giếng Đáy and Hà Khẩu.
• Area 4: Tourism, trading including south of Bãi Cháy, Hùng Thắng and Tuần Châu.
• Area 5: Agriculture, fishery including Việt Hưng and Đại Yên.

The structure of Hạ Long's economy includes: Industry-tourism, services, trading, agriculture, forestry and fishery. In 2002, city's GDP increased up to VND 1,6669.7 billion (pricing of 1994), accounting for 38% of the whole province, of which industry and construction occupy 31%, tourism and services occupy 53%; revenue collection accounts for 86.3% of the province. Annual GDP growth rate is 11.4%. GDP per capital reached US$1,070 in 2002, higher than per capita income of the country in that time.

Hạ Long City has 1,470 industry and handicrafts manufacturing units, including coal mining and processing, ship building, building materials, mechanic, wood processing, food, foodstuff and garment. There are 3 industrial zones: Cái Lân (with Cái Lân Port, one of the biggest ports in North Vietnam), Đồng Đăng and Hà Khánh.

Transportation

The Van Don International Airport serves Hạ Long and the wider Quảng Ninh province. It is located approximately 50 km (31 mi) east of Hạ Long.

Gallery

• Bãi Cháy Bridge
• Fishers' boats on bay
• Traditional red sails on Hạ Long style's boat contrast with blue water surface
• Limestone islands
• Sailing towards Ha Long Bay
• Ha Long
• Sun Wheel

References

1. "Hạ Long (District-level City, Quảng Ninh, Vietnam) – Population Statistics, Charts, Map and Location". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2024-02-07.
2. "TP Hạ Long sẽ trở thành đô thị lớn nhất cả nước". blog.mytour.vn (in Vietnamese). 2019-10-07. Retrieved 2023-03-30.
3. Hương, Thảo (2022-10-28). "Du lịch Quảng Ninh: Một thập kỷ chuyển mình ngoạn mục". Báo Kinh tế đô thị (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2023-05-31.
4. "Quảng Ninh: Để du lịch trở thành ngành kinh tế mũi nhọn". vietnamtourism.gov.vn (in Vietnamese). 2021-10-26. Retrieved 2023-05-31.
5. ONLINE, TUOI TRE (2022-09-01). "Quảng Ninh thông xe cao tốc Vân Đồn – Móng Cái". TUOI TRE ONLINE (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2023-05-31.
6. "Văn hóa Hạ Long giai đoạn hậu kỳ thời đại đồ đá mới". vntravellive.com (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2023-05-31.
7. Decree No. 837/NQ-UBTVQH14
8. "Vietnam Institute for Building Science and Technology" (PDF).
9. how24h, Hien (2024-03-19). "Essential Tips for Traveling to Ha Long (How24h.com)" (in Vietnamese). Retrieved 2024-03-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
10. "Du lịch Nhà Thờ Hòn Gai – ngôi nhà thờ trên ngọn đồi cao". www.blog.mytour.vn. Retrieved 2023-03-30.
11. Hạ Long's population and wards' population till 1/4/2009 Archived 2013-05-16 at the Wayback Machine, Website Hạ Long City .
12. Hạ Long-tourist city, Hạ Long People's Committee and Hạ Long People's Council Published in 12/2003, page 40

External links

• Media related to Ha Long at Wikimedia Commons
• Official website
• Official website of the provincial government Archived 2015-04-21 at the Wayback Machine (Vietnamese)

v t e Districts of Northeast region of Vietnam
Bắc Giang province	Bắc Giang city Chũ town Việt Yên town Hiệp Hòa Lạng Giang Lục Nam Lục Ngạn Sơn Động Tân Yên Yên Thế
Bắc Kạn province	Bắc Kạn city Ba Bể Bạch Thông Chợ Đồn Chợ Mới Na Rì Ngân Sơn Pác Nặm
Cao Bằng province	Cao Bằng city Bảo Lạc Bảo Lâm Hạ Lang Hà Quảng Hòa An Nguyên Bình Quảng Hòa Thạch An Trùng Khánh
Hà Giang province	Hà Giang city Bắc Mê Bắc Quang Đồng Văn Hoàng Su Phì Mèo Vạc Quản Bạ Quang Bình Vị Xuyên Xín Mần Yên Minh
Lạng Sơn province	Lạng Sơn city Bắc Sơn Bình Gia Cao Lộc Chi Lăng Đình Lập Hữu Lũng Lộc Bình Tràng Định Văn Lãng Văn Quan
Phú Thọ province	Việt Trì city Phú Thọ town Cẩm Khê Đoan Hùng Hạ Hòa Lâm Thao Phù Ninh Tam Nông Tân Sơn Thanh Ba Thanh Sơn Thanh Thủy Yên Lập
Quảng Ninh province	Cẩm Phả city Đông Triều city Hạ Long city Móng Cái city Uông Bí city Quảng Yên town Ba Chẽ Bình Liêu Cô Tô Đầm Hà Hải Hà Tiên Yên Vân Đồn
Thái Nguyên province	Sông Công city Phổ Yên city Thái Nguyên city Đại Từ Định Hóa Đồng Hỷ Phú Bình Phú Lương Võ Nhai
Tuyên Quang province	Tuyên Quang city Chiêm Hoá Hàm Yên Lâm Bình Na Hang Sơn Dương Yên Sơn
denotes provincial seat.

v t e Largest cities and municipalities in Vietnam Source: 2019 Vietnamese census, National Assembly

Rank Name Province Pop. Rank Name Province Pop. Ho Chi Minh City Hanoi 1 Ho Chi Minh City Municipality 8,993,082 11 Vinh Nghệ An 473,275 Haiphong Cần Thơ 2 Hanoi Municipality 8,053,663 12 Thanh Hóa Thanh Hóa 436,833 3 Haiphong Municipality 2,028,514 13 Nha Trang Khánh Hòa 422,601 4 Cần Thơ Municipality 1,235,171 14 Buôn Ma Thuột Đắk Lắk 375,590 5 Da Nang Municipality 1,134,310 15 Tân Uyên Bình Dương 370,512 6 Huế Municipality 1,128,620 16 Vũng Tàu Bà Rịa–Vũng Tàu 357,124 7 Biên Hòa Đồng Nai 1,055,414 17 Thái Nguyên Thái Nguyên 340,403 8 Thủ Đức Ho Chi Minh City 1,013,795 18 Thủy Nguyên Haiphong 333,810 9 Thuận An Bình Dương 596,227 19 Bắc Giang Bắc Giang 326,354 10 Dĩ An Bình Dương 474,681 20 Hạ Long Quảng Ninh 322,710

v t e Vietnam cities with a 200,000+ population
2,000,000 and more	Ho Chi Minh City Hanoi (capital) Haiphong
1,000,000–1,999,999	Cần Thơ Da Nang Biên Hòa Thủ Đức Huế
500,000–999,999	Hải Dương Thuận An
200,000–499,999	Nha Trang Dĩ An Buôn Ma Thuột Thanh Hóa Vũng Tàu Thái Nguyên Vinh Thủ Dầu Một Hạ Long Quy Nhon Long Xuyên Quảng Ngãi Pleiku Bắc Ninh Nam Định Mỹ Tho Rạch Giá Phan Thiết Da Lat Cà Mau Chí Linh Việt Trì Thái Bình

• 1993 establishments in Vietnam
• Populated places established in 1993
• Provincial capitals in Vietnam
• Populated places in Quảng Ninh province
• Districts of Quảng Ninh province
• Cities in Vietnam