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Hans Mark
Mark in 1998
13th United States Secretary of the Air Force
In office July 26, 1979 – February 9, 1981 Acting: May 18, 1979 – July 26, 1979
President	Jimmy Carter
Preceded by	John C. Stetson
Succeeded by	Verne Orr
7th Director of the National Reconnaissance Office
In office August 3, 1977 – October 8, 1979
President	Jimmy Carter
Preceded by	Thomas C. Reed
Succeeded by	Robert J. Hermann
Personal details
Born	Hans Michael Mark (1929-06-17)June 17, 1929 Mannheim, Baden, Germany
Died	December 18, 2021(2021-12-18) (aged 92) Austin, Texas, U.S.
Education	University of California, Berkeley (BS) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MS, PhD)

Hans Michael Mark (June 17, 1929 – December 18, 2021) was a German-born American government official who served as Secretary of the Air Force and as a Deputy Administrator of NASA. He was an expert and consultant in aerospace design and national defense policy.

Mark retired from the Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics at the University of Texas at Austin's Cockrell School of Engineering in July 2014.

Early life and career

Mark was born in the city of Mannheim, Baden, Germany. He lived in Vienna for a time before escaping the Nazi Anschluss via Switzerland. Before the collapse of France the Mark family moved to London. Mark's father, Herman Francis Mark, a prominent polymer chemist, secured a position with a Canadian paper company and left before the family could accompany him. Finally, in late 1939, his family joined him in Hawkesbury, Ontario. About a year later the family moved to the United States, settling in the Flatbush section of Brooklyn, New York after the elder Mark accepted a professorship at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. After becoming an American citizen in 1945, he graduated from New York's selective Stuyvesant High School in 1947. He went on to receive a bachelor's degree in physics from the University of California, Berkeley (where he was a member of Sigma Pi fraternity) in 1951. He then earned a Ph.D. in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1954.

After receiving his doctorate, Mark stayed on at MIT as a research associate and acting head of the Neutron Physics Group Laboratory for Nuclear Science. He returned to UC Berkeley in 1955 and remained there until 1958 as a research physicist at the University's Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in Livermore, California. Mark then returned to MIT as an assistant professor of physics. In 1960, he again returned to the University of California's Livermore Radiation Laboratory's Experimental Physics Division. He remained there until 1964, when he became chairman of the university's Department of Nuclear Engineering and administrator of the Berkeley Research Reactor.

Mark also taught undergraduate and graduate courses in physics, engineering and management at Boston University, the University of California, Davis and Stanford University.

U.S. government

In February 1969, he became director of NASA's Ames Research Center, located in Mountain View, California. In this role, he managed the center's research and applications efforts in aeronautics, space science, life science, and space technology.

He subsequently served as Under Secretary of the Air Force from 1977 until July 1979, when he was promoted to Secretary of the Air Force. Concurrently, he served as Director of the then-classified National Reconnaissance Office from August 1977 to October 1979. He remained at this position until 1981, when he was appointed Deputy Administrator of NASA by President Reagan, a position he served in from July 10, 1981 to September 1, 1984. He later returned to the Pentagon in 1999–2000 to serve as Director of Defense Research and Engineering (DDR&E).

University of Texas

Upon leaving NASA in 1984, Mark served as Chancellor of the University of Texas system until 1992. He moved on to become a senior professor of aerospace engineering at the University of Texas at Austin. In July 1998, he began work at The Pentagon upon President Clinton's nomination of him as Director of Defense Research and Engineering. In 2001, he returned to the University of Texas at Austin, where he held the John J. McKetta Centennial Energy Chair in Engineering as a professor in the Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics and held a research position at the University of Texas' Applied Research Laboratories. Mark retired from the faculty of the University of Texas at Austin on July 1, 2014. He was voted by the Regents of the University as a Professor Emeritus of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics.

Honors

Mark was a member of the National Academy of Engineering, the nation's highest honor for engineering professionals. He was also an Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. He received the 1999 Joe J. King Engineering Achievement Award and the 1999 George E. Haddaway Medal for Achievement in Aviation. Dr. Mark was honored for his contributions to the U.S. military space program at the 2006 annual meeting of the American Astronautical Society. He received the 2006 Military Astronautics Award on November 14, 2006 at the society's annual meeting in Pasadena, California.

In 2008, the Space Foundation awarded Mark its highest honor, the General James E. Hill Lifetime Space Achievement Award. It is presented annually to recognize outstanding individuals who have distinguished themselves through lifetime contributions to the welfare or betterment of humankind through the exploration, development and use of space, or the use of space technology, information, themes or resources in academic, cultural, industrial or other pursuits of broad benefit to humanity.

In 2012, the Air Force Space Command awarded him the Air Force Space and Missile Pioneers Award. The award recognizes individuals for their significant role in the history of Air Force space and missile programs.

Later life and death

Mark died from progressive dementia in Austin, Texas, on December 18, 2021, at the age of 92. He is survived by his daughter, Jane Mark, his son Rufus Mark, his grandchildren, Rob and Rixana Jopson, and Phillip, Nick, and Juliette Mark, and his great-granddaughter Julianna Mark.

Publications

Dr. Mark authored or edited eight books and published more than 180 technical reports. His works include:

• (co-authored) Adventures in Celestial Mechanics
• (co-authored) Encyclopedia of Space and Technology
• The Space Station: A Personal Journey (Duke University Press, 1987)
• The Management of Research Institutions (NASA SP-481, 1984)
• (co-authored) Experiments in Modern Physics and Power and Security
• (co-authored) The Properties of Matter Under Unusual Conditions
• An Anxious Peace: A Cold War Memoir (Texas A&M University Press, 2019)

References

• NASA biography Archived September 24, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
• Appearances on C-SPAN

1. Mark, Hans (April 23, 2019). An Anxious Peace: A Cold War Memoir. Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 9781623497286.
2. Mark, Hans (December 1987). The Space Station: A Personal Journey. Duke University Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-8223-0727-3. hans mark stuyvesant.
3. "Convocation "88"" (PDF). The Emerald of Sigma Pi. Vol. 75, no. 3. Fall 1988. pp. 1–3. Archived from the original on September 9, 2017. Retrieved September 15, 2017.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
4. Laurie, Clayton. Leaders of the National Reconnaissance Office 1961–2001. Office of the Historian, National Reconnaissance Office. May 1, 2002.
5. ":: Welcome to the National Reconnaissance Office ::". Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved April 8, 2011.
6. "Symposium Awards | National Space Symposium". Archived from the original on February 3, 2009. Retrieved February 3, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
7. Barnes, Michael (December 19, 2021). "Hans Mark, former secretary of Air Force and NASA deputy who fled Nazis, dies at 92". Stripes. Retrieved December 19, 2021.

v t e United States secretaries of the Air Force
Secretaries	Symington Finletter Talbott Quarles Douglas Sharp Zuckert Brown Seamans McLucas Reed Stetson Mark Orr Rourke Aldridge Rice Widnall Peters Roche Wynne Donley James Wilson Barrett Kendall
Under secretaries	Barrows McCone Gilpatric Douglas MacIntyre Sharp Charyk McMillan Paul Hoopes McLucas Plummer Mark Chayes Aldridge McGovern Foreman De Leon Peters DiBattiste Teets Sega Conaton Fanning Disbrow Donovan Jones Dalton

v t e List of National Reconnaissance Office Leadership
DNRO	Charyk McMillan Flax McLucas Plummer Reed Mark Hermann Aldridge Faga Harris Hall Teets Kerr Large Carlson Sapp Scolese
PDDNRO	Keifer Reber Naka Singel Cook Haas Hill Hall Kier Fitzgerald Large Haller Sapp Calvelli Meink
DDNRO	Sheridan Pawlikowski Mashiko Cotton Denker Baird Guetlein Shipton Povak
Program A	Greer Martin King Allen Bradburn Kulpa Jacobson Lindsay
Program B	Scoville Ledford Sheldon Duckett Dirks Hineman Caballero
Program C	Lowrance Taylor Fluckey Harlfinger Geiger Darcy Yowell Patterson Brooks Betterton Sprague
Program D	Geary Saunders Hartley Bailey

• 1929 births
• 2021 deaths
• Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
• Engineers from Mannheim
• Stuyvesant High School alumni
• United States Secretaries of the Air Force
• University of Texas at Austin faculty
• University of California, Berkeley alumni
• Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
• Deputy administrators of NASA
• Clinton administration personnel
• Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering
• Fellows of the American Physical Society
• Reagan administration personnel
• Carter administration personnel
• Sigma Pi members